2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.17776940 2 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) BOOK OF ABSTRACTS DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.17776940 3 CONGRESS PRESIDENT Prof. Dr. Ümüt AY ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Prof. Dr. İrem BAĞLAN Prof. Dr. Hüseyin BUDAK Doç. Dr. Evrim GÜVEN Doç. Dr. Caner YALÇIN Arş. Gör. Dr. İrem ÇAY Arş. Gör. Melike KELEŞ DUMAN Arş. Gör. Nizamettin Ufuk BOSTAN Arş. Gör. Çağlanur YILDIZ Arş. Gör. Abdulkadir Enes GÖRGÜLÜ KEYNOTE SPEAKERS Janusz ĆWIEK, Silesian University of Technology, Poland Mehmet Zeki SARIKAYA, Düzce University, Türkiye 4 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Adel ALAHMADI, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia Aligholi NIAEI, Sakarya University, Türkiye Cem Güneri, Sabancı University, Türkiye Edgar Martinez MORO, University of Valladolid, Spain Ferruh ÖZBUDAK, Sabancı University, Türkiye Gülnur EFE SANDEN Solano Community College, USA Günay ÖZTÜRK, İzmir Democracy University, Türkiye Hasan ÇABUK, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Türkiye İbrahim ÖKSÜZ, The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA İlim KİŞİ, Kocaeli University, Türkiye Lakshmi Narayan MISHRA, Vellore Institute of Technology, India Lasha EPHREMIDZE, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Mirko KUNOWSKY, University of Alicante, Spain Muhammad Adil Khan, University of Peshawar, Pakistan Mujahid Abbas, University of Johannesburg, South Africa Mustafa TÜZEN, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Türkiye Nadir Ali RIND, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Pakistan Osman GÜNAY, Yıldız Teknik University, Türkiye Saat Ihsan Butt, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan Safinur ÇELİK, Atatürk University, Türkiye Salem YAHIAOUI, University of Motagonem, Algeria Selcen UZUN DURAN, Karadeniz Teknik University, Türkiye Tanja D. Cirkovic VELICKOVIC, University of Belgrade, Serbia Tingsong Du, China Three Gorges University, China Vishnu Narayan MISHRA, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, India Waseem Ahmad KHAN, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Saudi Arabia Wei-Shih Du, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan Yasemin BAKIRCIOĞLU, Trakya University, Türkiye Youcef MEGROUSS, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Algeria 5 CONTENTS Hydrogen embrittlement in high-strength low-alloy steels ...................................................... 11 Extensions of Bullen-Type Inequalities using Second Derivative Methods ............................ 12 Stochastic Optimization, Estimation and Prediction via Sieves Method ................................. 14 HOG and Deep Learning-Based Methods for Vendor and Level Classification from SmallScale Smartphone Images ........................................................................................................ 15 Integral Inequalities via the Multiplicative Absolute Value .................................................... 16 A Study on the Newton-Cotes Quadrature Formula Involving h-convex Functions ............... 17 On Multiplicative Fractional Calculus ..................................................................................... 18 Automorphisms of Free Metabelian Lie Algebras of Rank 3 .................................................. 19 Automorphisms and Derivations of a Universal Left-symmetric Enveloping Algebra ........... 20 Possible Automorphism Groups of Some Large Sets .............................................................. 21 p-Adic Non-Existence of Positive Integer Solutions for the Three-Term Exponential Diophantine Equation ............................................................................................................... 22 Fibonacci Points and Inverse Stereographic Projection ........................................................... 23 Determination of Initial Value Function in Time-Fractional Diffusion Equation with Robin Boundary Condition through Hermite Polynomials ................................................................. 24 On the Approximate Solution of the Multi-Term Time-Fractional Diffusion Problem through Hermite Polynomials ................................................................................................................ 25 A Septik Hermite Collocation Method for Regularized Long Wave Equation ....................... 26 A Fuzzy Mathematical Decision Model for Residential Rooftop PV Adoption: The HEART Approach .................................................................................................................................. 27 Inconvenient and Overlooked Aspects of Using Hydrogen and Electric Propulsion in Transport Vehicles ................................................................................................................... 28 Theoretical Investigation of the Change in Amplitude of Acoustic Waves Passing Through a Pipe with a Micron-Sized Roughened Inner Surface ............................................................... 29 Laser–Material Interaction Dynamics and Surface Topography Optimization on ST52 Steel: Correlation between Friction Coefficient and Maximum Valley Depth (Sv) .......................... 30 Bi-Static Radar Cross Section for PEC Ellipsoid as a Deformed Sphere ................................ 31 Theoretical Investigation of Electronic and Spectroscopic Properties of 3Methoxyquinoxaline-2-carboxylic Acid via DFT .................................................................... 32 Nature-Positive Net Present Value for Nigeria: An Eco-Risk-Adjusted Capital Budgeting Framework for Manufacturing and Agribusiness .................................................................... 33 Experimental Optimization of RetinoicAcid Solvent and Serum Conditions for Enhanced Neuronal Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Cells ........................................................................... 34 Tribolium Confusum is not so Confused, and will Fly ............................................................ 35 A New Perspective on Milne-type Inequalities involving Riemann–Liouville Fractional Integrals .................................................................................................................................... 36 Fractional Newton-Type Inequalities Involving h-Convex Functions ..................................... 37 Generalized Fractional Integral Forms of Newton-Type Inequalities for Functions of Bounded Variation ................................................................................................................................... 38 6 New Results on Fractional Simpson-Type Inequalities for Differentiable Convex Functions 39 Development of Weighted Corrected Euler-Maclaurin-Type Inequalities via Fractional Operators for Various Function Classes ................................................................................... 40 New Version of Simpson-Type Inequality via Proportional Caputo-Hybrid Operator ........... 41 Euler-Maclaurin-type inequalities forgeneralized fractional integrals on functions of bounded variation ..................................................................................................................... 42 Fractional Differential Shift Encryption: A Caputo-Based Generalization of Dynamic Caesar Ciphering .................................................................................................................................. 43 A New Variant of Positive Linear Operators for Convex Functions Providing a Better Error Estimation ................................................................................................................................. 44 Some Error Bounds for Milne's Formula via Fractional Integral Operators ............................ 45 Milne Formula for Functions of Bounded Variation via Generalized Fractional Integrals ..... 46 Some Conformable Fractional Newton-type Inequalities via Bounded and Lipschitzian Functions .................................................................................................................................. 47 Extensions of Newton-Type Inequalities via Multiplicative Conformable Fractional Integrals .................................................................................................................................................. 48 Some Bullen Type Inequalities for Coordinated s-Convex Functions ..................................... 49 Relative Gromov Width with respect to Spheres ..................................................................... 50 Neural Network Approaches to High-Order Extensions of Simpson-Type Inequalities ......... 51 Double Fractional Integral Inequalities for Co-ordinated Convex Functions .......................... 52 Spherical Fuzzy TOPSIS with Hybrid Entropy-FUCOM Weighting Method ........................ 53 Closed-form Solution for FGM Plates via using CUF and Boundary Discontinuous Fourier Method ..................................................................................................................................... 54 Curvature Properties of Spherical Product Hypersurfaces in Minkowski Space ..................... 55 The q-Frame DNA Strand Helix and its Spherical Indicatrices ............................................... 56 Mathematical Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of an Epidemic System Based on the SIR Framework ............................................................................................................................... 57 A Note on Fractional Simpson-like Type Inequality for Functions whose Second Derivatives are of Bounded Variation ......................................................................................................... 58 An Algorithm for the Singular Value Decomposition of Matrices with Commutative Hypercomplex Entries and Applications .................................................................................. 59 Generalized Chebyshev Polynomials ....................................................................................... 60 CR-Fuzzy Soft Matrices: A New Structure for Modelling Uncertainty and Group DecisionMaking ..................................................................................................................................... 61 Modular Fuzzy Metric-like Spaces .......................................................................................... 62 A Variational Approach to Generalized Offset Surfaces in Minkowski Space ....................... 63 Block-Scale Steganography in Color Images ........................................................................... 64 Measurement of Radon Gas in the Vicinity of the Adalar Segment of the North Anatolian Fault .......................................................................................................................................... 65 7 Design and Thermal Analysis of a Target for Simultaneous ¹⁵²Tb / ¹⁵⁵Tb Production via Alpha Induced Reactions .................................................................................................................... 66 Neutron Imaging Applications ................................................................................................. 67 Error Bounds for Boole's Type Inequalities via Tempered Fractional Operators with Numerical Analysis .................................................................................................................. 68 Enhanced Fractional Boole's Type Inequalities for Differentiable Convex Functions using Tempered Fractional Integrals.................................................................................................. 69 Fractional Calculus Approach to Perturbed Trapezoid-Type Inequalities: Novel Error Estimates and Application ........................................................................................................ 70 Improved Bounds for Ostrowski’s Type Inequalities via a Generalized Montgomery Identity .................................................................................................................................................. 71 Advancements in Weddle's Formula for Tempered Fractional Integrals: Applications in Numerical Integration .............................................................................................................. 72 Novel Parameterized Quadrature Formulas Type Inequalities and Their Applications .......... 73 New Results on Weddle’s Type Inequalities Involving Tempered Fractional Integrals ......... 74 A Study on Boole's-Type Inequalities within the Framework of Caputo Fractional Operators .................................................................................................................................................. 75 Novel Approaches to Dual Simpson-Type Inequalities via Caputo-Fabrizio Fractional Operators for Different Classes of Functions and Application ................................................ 76 Novel Results on Fractional Weddle's Type Inequalities for Several Functional Classes via Tempered Fractional Integrals.................................................................................................. 77 Refinement of Weddle's-Type Inequalities via Tempered Fractional Integrals ....................... 78 New Milne-Type Inequalities for Lipschitzian Functions by Conformable Fractional Operators .................................................................................................................................. 79 On Estimation of the Bullen-Mercer Inequality ....................................................................... 80 A Study on Maclaurin Type Inequalities via P-Mapping and Its Applications ....................... 81 Comparative Analysis of Higher-Order Neural Networks and Kernel-Based Nonlinear Arps Models for Forecasting Cumulative Oil Production ................................................................ 82 Mathematical Modeling of the Calendering Process of Temperature-Dependent NonNewtonian Fluids Using a PyTorch Neural NetworkViscosity ............................................... 83 Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions for Time-variable Fractional Differential Equations 84 Exponential Stability for Coupled Lamé System with a Fractional Derivative Time Delay ... 85 Analysis of Dynamic Temperature Characteristics of Gearbox Transmission System of Wind Turbine ..................................................................................................................................... 87 Performance Analysis of Multi Unit Distributed System with Internet Service Providers ..... 88 A Hybrid Cubic B-Spline Galerkin Technique for Solving the Nonlinear Time Fractional Klein-Gordon Equation ............................................................................................................ 89 Comments on an Open Problem on Commutativity of Factor Rings ...................................... 90 On Derivations Satisfying Some P-valued Identities in Rings ................................................ 91 Sensor-Based Side-Channel Attack Detection Using Text Inference and Image Inference .... 92 8 Numerical Method for Solving Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equation with Unknown Inverse Coefficient under Periodic Constraints .................................................................................... 93 Numerical Investigation of an Inverse Coefficient Problem in a Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equation ................................................................................................................................... 94 Effect of Ring Support on Bi-Layered Fgm Cylindrical Shell ................................................. 95 Existence of Solutions for Random System of Functional Differential Equations .................. 96 Solution of Fractional Derivative Homogeneous and Non-Homogeneous Parabolic Problems using the Fourier Method ......................................................................................................... 97 Solution of Differential Equations related to Markov Processes ............................................. 98 Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Non-Isothermal Fluid Flow for Constrained Roll Coating System: A Comparative Investigation ........................................................................ 99 Error Estimation for Adam Bashforth Scheme of High-Index Saddle Dynamics ................. 100 Electromagnetic Influence on Wave Dynamics in the (3+1)-Dimensional Modified KdV– Zakharov–Kuznetsov Framework .......................................................................................... 101 Advanced Fuzzy Aggregation Operators for Multi-Criteria Decision-Making in Circular Intuitionistic Systems ............................................................................................................. 102 Turning Apple Enzymes into Innovation: A Kyrgyz-Slovak Approach to Sustainable Biotechnology ........................................................................................................................ 103 Utilization of Liquorice Root and Fennel Seed Based Herbal Teamix for the Relief of Asthma ................................................................................................................................................ 104 Exploring the Therapeutic Effect of Ficusbenghalensis Fruit Powder against Diabetes in Albino Rats ............................................................................................................................. 105 Identification of Metabolic Pathways Linked to the Antibacterial Activity of trans-13Octadecanoic Acid Found in Schistocerca Gregaria Oil ........................................................ 106 Tariq Mohammed Abdulazeez Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Gusau, Nigeria .............................. 106 Phenotype-Stratified Staphylococcus Aureus and MRSA Colonization in Persistent Allergic Rhinitis: A Precision Medicine Risk Model .......................................................................... 107 Subfossil Chironomids from two Neighbouring, Size-differing Lakes in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania ............................................................................................................ 108 Influence of Electromagnetic Induction Heating (EIH) Parameters on Thermal Gradient Formation in 7075 Aluminum Alloys .................................................................................... 109 Hermite-Hadamard-Mercer Type Inequalities for Twice Differentiable Convex Involving Riemann-Liouville Fractional Integrals ................................................................................. 110 Comparative Evaluation of PLGA Nanoparticle Formulations for Gene Delivery Applications ................................................................................................................................................ 111 Mechanisms of Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Why Immunotherapy Works in Only a Minority of Patients .................................................................................................... 112 Self-Assembled Graphene Oxide Membrane for Water Purifications ................................... 113 A New Study on Hermite-Hadamard Inequalities for Specific Convexity Classes and Application ............................................................................................................................. 114 Fractional Simpson-Like Inequalities for Thrice Differentiable Functions ........................... 115 9 NGS-Based Analysis of Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Patients ........................................ 117 Subfossil Chironomids Reveal Past Hydrologic Shift in Lake Lala Mare, Eastern Carpathians ................................................................................................................................................ 118 Liraglutide Induces DR5-Mediated Apoptosis and Suppresses Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cells ........................................................................................................................................ 119 Spin-Polarized Two-dimensional Electron Gas in LaTiO3/EuTiO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructure . 120 16 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Integral Inequalities via the Multiplicative Absolute Value Noureddine Azzouz 1, Bouharket Benaissa 2, Hüseyin Budak 3 1Department of Mathematics, University Center Nour Bachir, El Bayadh, Algeria 2Faculty of Material Sciences, University of Tiaret, Algeria 3Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences and Art, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0003-0658-2438 Second Author: 0000-0002-1195-6169 Third Author: 0000-0001-8843-955X Abstract This work highlights the role of the multiplicative absolute value in extending classical integral inequalities to the setting of multiplicative calculus. By employing this concept, we derive new trapezoid and midpoint inequalities for positive and ∗- differentiable functions such that multiplicative absolute value of the ∗-derivative is ∗-convex. The approach, based on the identity |exp {A}|∗ = exp |A|, provides a coherent framework linking additive and multiplicative analysis Keywords: Trapezoid inequality; Midpoint inequality; Multiplicative fractional integrals; Multiplicative absolute value; Multiplicative convex functions. 17 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye A Study on the Newton-Cotes Quadrature Formula Involving h-convex Functions Bouharket Benaissa1, Huseyin Budak2 1Faculty of Material Sciences, University of Tiaret-Algeria 2Department of Mathematics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0002-1195-6169 Second Author: 0000-0001-8843-955X Abstract The current work presents new estimates on the Newton-Cotes quadrature formula. First, we prove a novel integral identity using functions that are three times differentiable according to the Riemann integral. Further inequality rules may be derived by using the absolute value and assuming that the functions are h-convex. We also show the findings for s-convex functions and P-functions. Keywords: Newton inequality; h-convex function; Riemann integral. 18 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye On Multiplicative Fractional Calculus Abdelghani Lakhdari1, Hüseyin Budak2, Fahd Jarad3 1Department CPST, National Higher School of Technology and Engineering, Annaba 23005, Algeria 2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Türkiye 3Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Çankaya University, Ankara 06790, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0003-2943-2678 Second Author: 0000-0001-8843-955X Third Author: 0000-0002-3303-0623 Abstract In this talk, we explore the foundations of multiplicative calculus and extend its framework to the fractional setting. Multiplicative calculus replaces the standard additive operations of classical calculus with multiplicative ones, leading to a natural logarithmic-exponential structure that proves particularly useful in modeling phenomena with exponential growth or decay, scale invariance, or relative changes. After briefly reviewing the basic principles of multiplicative differentiation and integration, we introduce and analyze fractional counterparts of classical integral operators, such as the Riemann– Liouville, Hadamard, and Katugampola fractional integralswithin the multiplicative paradigm. We discuss their definitions, fundamental properties, and connections to the classical theory via logarithmic transformations. The presentation aims to highlight both the theoretical coherence of fractional multiplicative calculus and its potential applications in areas where multiplicative dynamics are inherent, including certain problems in economics, biology, and signal processing. Keywords: Multiplicative calculus; Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals; Hadamard fractional integrals; Katugampola fractional integrals. 19 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Automorphisms of Free Metabelian Lie Algebras of Rank 3 Bibinur Duisengaliyeva Department of Algebra and Geometry, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3087-0683 Abstract Let M3 be a free metabelian Lie algebra of rank 3 over a field K. We show that the group of almost tame automorphisms of M3 is represented as an amalgamated free product of its subgroups. Using an amalgamated free product structure, we give new proof of R. Nauryzbaev's result [R. Nauryzbaev. Reducibility of tame automorphisms of free metabelian Lie algebras of rank 3, Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, (2009), no. 6, 200—213.] on the reducibility of almost tame automorphisms of M3. It immediately follows from this result that almost tame automorphisms of a free metabelian Lie algebras of rank 3 over a constructive field are algorithmically recognizable. We also show that the group generated by all Chein and exponential automorphisms of M3 has a semidirect product structure. The talk is based on the results of joint work with A. Naurazbekova and U. Umirbaev. Keywords: Free metabelian Lie algebra; Almost tame automorphism; Amalgamated free product. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the grant AP23487886 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 20 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Automorphisms and Derivations of a Universal Left-symmetric Enveloping Algebra Altyngul Naurazbekova Department of Algebra and Geometry, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan Corresponding author: naurazbeko[email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8609-8904 Abstract Let An be an n-dimensional algebra with zero multiplication over a field K of characteristic 0. Then its universal (multiplicative) enveloping algebra Un in the variety of left-symmetric algebras is a homogeneous quadratic algebra generated by 2n elements l1,...ln, r1,...,rn, which contains both the polynomial algebra Ln=K[l1,...ln] and the free associative algebra Rn=[r1,...,rn].We show that the automorphism groups of the polynomial algebra Ln and the algebra Un are isomorphic for all n is more than 2, based on a detailed analysis of locally nilpotent derivations. In contrast, we show that this isomorphism does not hold for n=1, and we provide a complete description of all automorphisms and locally nilpotent derivations of U1. The talk is based on the results of joint work with D. Zhangazinova and U. Umirbaev. Keywords: Automorphism; Derivation; Left-symmetric algebra; Universal enveloping algebra; Polynomial algebra; Associative algebra. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the grant AP23487886 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 21 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Possible Automorphism Groups of Some Large Sets Sefa Çalık1, Emre Kolotoğlu1 1Department of Mathematics, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Corresponding author: [email protected]u.tr ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0001-7554-1587 Second Author: 0000-0002-2042-8077 Abstract This abstract presents research on large sets, a topic of significant importance in combinatorial theory. We focus on the LS[3,4,14] with parameters t=3, k=4, and v=14, conducting both theoretical and computer-assisted investigations into its potential automorphism group. Theoretical analyses, informed by the algebraic properties of candidate automorphism groups, were systematically verified and extended through computer-implemented calculations implemented in Java using a customized version of Knuth’s Dancing Links algorithm. As a result, new constraints on the possible order of the automorphism group have been established, offering new insights into this potential large set. Keywords: Large set; Automorphism group. This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unitof Yıldız Technical University under project number FYL-2025-6839, and by theScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) under GrantNo. 2210/E. 22 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye p-Adic Non-Existence of Positive Integer Solutions for the Three-Term Exponential Diophantine Equation Yunus Yıldırım1, Murat Alan1 1Department of Mathematics, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0001-6315-6016 Second Author:0000-0003-2031-2725 Abstract This study presents a comprehensive investigation of exponential Diophantine equations involving perfect squares. We examine the fundamental properties of the equation (𝑎𝑛−1)(𝑏𝑛−1)(𝑐𝑛−1)=𝑥2, which generalizes the classical two-term form (𝑎𝑛−1)(𝑏𝑛−1)=𝑥2. New theoretical results are established regarding non-solvability conditions for such equations. In particular, we formulate p-adic valuation–based criteria for the non-existence of positive integer solutions and analyze parity relations among 𝑣𝑝(𝑎−1),𝑣𝑝(𝑏−1),𝑣𝑝(𝑐−1), and 𝑣𝑝(𝑛), which lead to contradictions in 𝑣𝑝(𝑥2). Computational verification for 1<𝑎<𝑏<𝑐≤100 identifies several prime triples satisfying these criteria, demonstrating that no positive integer solutions exist for specific 𝑎,𝑏,𝑐 triples. The strongest and most explicit results are obtained in the case 𝑝=2; that is, the classical 2-adic setting provides the most powerful criteria for non-existence of solutions. Keywords: Diophantine equations; 2-adic valuation; Lifting the exponent lemma; Exponential equations. This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) through the 2210/E Graduate Scholarship Program. 23 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Fibonacci Points and Inverse Stereographic Projection Baris Ates1, Selcan Ates2, Alp Kustepeli3 1Department of Mathematics, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Türkiye 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Türkiye 3Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0002-8138-7360 Second Author: 0000-0002-0078-0647 Third Author: 0000-0002-8995-6628 Abstract In the present study, we investigate the correspondence between Fibonacci structures in the Euclidean plane and their spherical counterparts through the inverse stereographic projection (ISP). The ISP provides a one-to-one mapping that enables the transfer of algebraic and geometric relations from the plane to the sphere. By applying this mapping to Fibonacci points, one can define spherical Fibonacci identities and explore their geometric manifestations on the sphere. Moreover, the sphere can be continuously deformed while preserving a bijective relation between the original and the deformed surfaces. This deformation framework allows the extension of planar Fibonacci identities to generalized spherical geometries, including spheroidal and irregular surfaces. Such deformations can represent naturally occurring shapes, thus establishing a potential connection between Fibonacci-based mathematical identities and biological or physical pattern formation. The proposed approach not only provides a geometric interpretation of Fibonacci identities on curved manifolds but also opens new perspectives for modeling spatial structures in nature through analytical deformations of spherical surfaces. Keywords: Fibonacci points; Stereographic projection; Deformed spheres; Spirals. 24 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Determination of Initial Value Function in Time-Fractional Diffusion Equation with Robin Boundary Condition through Hermite Polynomials Bekir Aktan1, Mine Aylin Bayrak1, Ali Demir1 1Department of Mathematics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0003-5134-6650 Second Author: 0000-0001-7716-3455 Third Author: 0000-0003-3425-1812 Abstract This study contributes to establishment of initial value function in a time fractional diffusion equation with robin boundary condition by means of a new approach involving Hermite polynomials, Residual power series method (RPSM) and collocation methods together. First of all, robin boundary condition is made homogeneous by a suitable transformation which reduce the problem to a simpler one. The solution of reduced problem is written in series form in terms of Hermite polynomials which yields a system of fractional differential and algebraic equations. Secondly, RPSM is employed to accomplish approximate solution to the reduced problem which includes some unknowns. At this stage, collocation points and additional data are used together to determine the values of unknown initial value function at collocation points which are the unknowns in the approximate solution. Finally, the initial value of approximate solution yields the unknown initial value function. Two examples are presented to confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. Keywords: Inverse problem; Time fractional diffusion equation; The robin boundary condition; Hermite collocation method; Residual power series method. 25 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye On the Approximate Solution of the Multi-Term Time-Fractional Diffusion Problem through Hermite Polynomials Bekir Aktan1, Mine Aylin Bayrak1, Ali Demir1 1Department of Mathematics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0003-5134-6650 Second Author: 0000-0001-7716-3455 Third Author: 0000-0003-3425-1812 Abstract This research presents a novel approach for constructing approximate solutions to multi-term time fractional diffusion problems through Hermite polynomials, the Residual Power Series Method (RPSM), and collocation techniques. Initially, the multi-term time fractional diffusion equation is transformed into a single-term equation using the Riemann integral, simplifying the original problem. Next, Hermite polynomials are employed to express the solution as a series, which, through the application of collocation points, reduces the problem to a system of fractional differential and algebraic equations. The RPSM is then applied to determine the unknown coefficient functions in the series representation. By substituting these coefficients back into the series, an approximate solution is constructed. To illustrate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed method, three numerical examples are provided, demonstrating its effectiveness in solving complex fractional diffusion problems. Keywords: Multi-term time-fractional diffusion equation; Hermite Collocation method; Residual power series method. 32 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Theoretical Investigation of Electronic and Spectroscopic Properties of 3Methoxyquinoxaline-2-carboxylic Acid via DFT Ceyhun Küçük Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi, Ahmet Erdogan Vocational School of Health Services, Zonguldak, 67600, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4457-8798 Abstract Quinoxaline is an aromatic and planar heterocyclic compound containing two nitrogen atoms. Thanks to its structure, it exhibits various biological activities (such as anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral) and plays an important role in pharmaceutical research. The nitrogen atoms enable it to form stable complexes with transition metals. Quinoxaline-metal complexes often show higher biological activity than the free ligand forms and are particularly prominent in anticancer drug design. Additionally, these complexes are also utilized in electrochemical and optoelectronic applications.In this study, the electronic and spectroscopic properties of 3-Methoxyquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid, a quinoxaline derivative, were theoretically investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Initially, the conformers of the molecule were determined using the MMFF molecular mechanics force field in the Spartan software. Among these conformers, the structure with the lowest energy and highest Boltzmann distribution was selected and optimized at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) theory level using the Gaussian 16W program. The electronic properties of the optimized structure were examined through frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO–LUMO), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps, Fukui functions, and charge analyses including APT, NBO, and Hirshfeld methods. These analyses allowed for the evaluation of the molecule’s chemical reactivity and the identification of potential nucleophilic and electrophilic sites. In the second phase of the study, the molecule’s spectroscopic characterization was carried out, and its vibrational frequencies (IR), NMR, and UV-Vis absorption spectra were calculated.The main purpose of these calculations is to identify the active sites responsible for the formation of potential metal complexes of the molecule and to provide preliminary information regarding their spectroscopic properties. Keywords: Quinoxaline; DFT; Spectroscopic characterization. 33 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Nature-Positive Net Present Value for Nigeria: An Eco-Risk-Adjusted Capital Budgeting Framework for Manufacturing and Agribusiness Henry Ponle Kareem Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Onbeş Kasım Kıbrıs University, Nicosia, TRNC Corresponding author: [email protected]m ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5653-320X Abstract Traditional capital budgeting in Nigerian firms rarely prices the biodiversity and ecosystem services that materially influence cash flows, downtime, and regulatory risk. We introduce a novel decision tool—Nature-Positive Net Present Value (NP-NPV)—that integrates ecosystem service valuation and an Eco-Risk Beta into project appraisal for manufacturers and agribusinesses operating across the Lagos–Ogun industrial belt, the Niger Delta, and the Cross River rainforest corridor. The framework innovates by: (1) adjusting project cash flows with monetized co-benefits and avoided costs from nature-based interventions (e.g., mangrove and riparian restoration for flood mitigation, wetlands for water purification, pollinator habitat for cocoa, cashew, and sesame yields), using site-specific habitathectare shadow pricing; and (2) augmenting WACC with an Eco-Risk Beta derived from geospatial exposure to floodplains, mangrove loss, watershed degradation, and supply-chain biodiversity dependencies. The data pipeline combines firm budgets with open datasets (NIMET rainfall, NIHSA flood hazard, NESREA EPR guidelines, Nigeria’s NBSAP, GBIF pollinator records) and ecosystem service models (InVEST), with uncertainty propagated via Monte Carlo simulation and policy scenarios reflecting Nigeria’s Climate Change Act and AfCFTA export dynamics. Keywords: Nature-positive NPV; Biodiversity accounting; Ecosystem services valuation. 34 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Experimental Optimization of RetinoicAcid Solvent and Serum Conditions for Enhanced Neuronal Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Cells Aysun Kaplan1, Burcu Türkoğlu1, Banu Mansuroğlu1 1Department of MolecularBiologyand Genetics, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0005-1790-6583 Second Author:0000-0002-2939-3966 Third Author: 0000-0001-8440-9118 Abstract The SH-SY5Y cell line, a subclone derived from the SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma, is one of the most widely used in vitro models for neuroscience research. It exhibits catecholaminergic characteristics and can differentiate into neuron-like cells under suitable stimuli. Owing to its human origin and responsiveness to chemical inducers, SH-SY5Y is a valuable model for studying neuronal differentiation and mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. However, differentiation outcomes strongly depend on experimental conditions, requiring careful optimization. Retinoic acid (RA) is commonly applied to SH-SY5Y cells to induce neuronal differentiation, as it promotes neurite outgrowth and inhibits proliferation, driving the development of a neuronal-like morphology. Yet, differentiation efficiency is influenced by factors such as the solvent used for RA dissolution and serum concentration during cell seeding. This study optimized two variables: (i) solvent type (ethanol vs. dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]) and (ii) fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentration at plating (10%, 5%, or 2.5%). SH-SY5Y cells were seeded at a density of 3 × 10⁵ cells per well in 6well plates and treated with 10 µM retinoic acid (RA) in 1% FBS medium from day 2 onwards, with the medium replaced every 48 hours. Ethanol-dissolved RA enhanced neuronal differentiation, with increased neurite length and reduced clustering, whereas DMSO-based RA yielded weaker differentiation. Cultures initiated with 10% FBS displayed the healthiest and most neuron-like morphology. These findings highlight ethanol as a superior solvent for RA-mediated differentiation and suggest that an initial 10% FBS concentration provides optimal conditions for consistent neuronal phenotypes in SH-SY5Y cells. Keywords: SH-SY5Y differentiation; Retinoic acid; Ethanol vs DMSO; Serum optimization; Neuronal morphology. 35 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Tribolium Confusum is not so Confused, and will Fly Tolgahan ÖZER Department of Medical Genetics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5427-3811 Abstract The confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, is highly adaptable and evolutionarily successful invasive insect. Although often regarded as a pest, it plays a valuable role as a model organism in genetics and evolutionary biology. The species in the Tribolium genus shows distinct morphological and behavioral characteristics, particularly in antenna shape, and was thought not to fly until now. The T. confusum culture was maintained in a 15 cm diameter container with flourand vegetables provided ad libitum. The culture was kept in a well-ventilated environment at 24 °C and 68-70% relative humidity. To investigate the beetles’ response to falling and their potential for flight, several experimental ramps were designed. Beetles were placed on the ramps and encouraged to climb without falling. After several trials, individuals were gently handled to increase stress levels and height awareness. The T. confusuminitiated flight or extended their wings while slipping/falling from the ramps, or in response to height stimuli. Most individuals did not stress enough to trigger wing opening during the trials. After handling, 10 of the 20beetles attempted to flutter their wings from the hand to the prepared surface andmany land upright. Twoindividuals lifted more than a few millimeters. Only a wing-reflex response was observed on five beetles, andthe other fiveremained unresponsive. Unlike T. castaneum, T. confusum is considered flightless due to its weakly developed wings and apparent behavioral reluctance to fly. Previous studies have shown that flight attempts occur only under high-temperature conditions. Here, they attempt to fly solely based on the altitude factor. This ability may have contributed to its past and present distribution, influenced its evolutionary trajectory, and could play a role in future dispersal. Further research should explore this potential through selective breeding experiments. Keywords: Tribolium confusum; Flying beetle; Self-awareness. 36 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye A New Perspective on Milne-type Inequalities involving Riemann–Liouville Fractional Integrals Hüseyin Budak1, Mehmet Zeki Sarıkaya2, Hasan Kara2 1Department of Mathematics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye 2Department of Mathematics, Duzce University, Düzce, Türkiye Corresponding author: hasan64k[email protected]m ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0001-8843-955X Second Author: 0000-0002-6165-9242 Third Author: 0000-0002-2075-944X Abstract In this investigation, by utilizing functions whose second derivatives are bounded, we acquire the upper and lower bounds for Milne-type inequalities involving Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. What's more, we established Milne-type inequalities are examined in detail. Specifically, by choosing specific parameter values, some known results in the literature are generalized. Keywords: Milne-type ineqaulity; Bounded functions; Riemann-Lioouville fractional integrals. 37 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Fractional Newton-Type Inequalities Involving h-Convex Functions Hasan Kara1, Hüseyin Budak2, Fatih Hezenci1 1Department of Mathematics, Duzce University, Duzce, Türkiye 2Department of Mathematics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye Corresponding author: hasan64k[email protected]m ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0002-2075-944X Second Author: 0000-0001-8843-955X Third Author: 0000-0003-1008-5856 Abstract In this study, Newton-type inequalities involving Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals have been obtained for a class of functions that are twice differentiable and h-convex. The main step has been to derive an identity that connects the second derivative of the function with its fractional integrals. This identity has been presented as the fundamental for proving new inequalities under the assumption that the function satisfies the condition of h-convexity. The method adopted here is based on analyzing the structure of the second derivative together with the properties of h-convex functions. The definition of h-convexity has allowed a variable to choose where classical convexity may be seen as a special case. By assuming that the second derivative is h-convex on a given interval, estimates have been established that generalize some known results in the literature related to Newton-type inequalities. Tools from classical analysis, such as Hölder’s inequality and integral inequalities, have been used in the results obtained. Keywords: Newton-type ineqaulity; h-convexity; Riemann Liouville fractional integral. 38 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Generalized Fractional Integral Forms of Newton-Type Inequalities for Functions of Bounded Variation Esra Nur Sağlam1, Fatih Hezenci1, Wali Haider2 1Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Scienceand Arts, Duzce University, Duzce 81620, Türkiye 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China Corresponding author: esra0088[email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0009-6156-8883 Second Author: 0000-0003-1008-5856 Third Author: 0009-0001-7065-2755 Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive framework for deriving Newton-type inequalities involving generalized fractional integrals for functions of bounded variation. By employing the concept of generalized fractional operators, several new integral inequalities are established, which extend and unify various existing results in the literature. Furthermore, by selecting specific forms of functions and appropriate parameter values, a number of significant special cases are obtained, demonstrating the wide applicability of the proposed approach. The results not only enhance the understanding of fractional inequalities but also provide a broader mathematical foundation for future research in fractional analysis and related areas. Keywords: Newton-type inequalities; Generalized fractional integrals; Functions of bounded variation. 39 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye New Results on Fractional Simpson-Type Inequalities for Differentiable Convex Functions Cavit Alemdar1, Fatih Hezenci1, Asia Shehzadi2 1Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Scienceand Arts, Duzce University, Duzce 81620, Türkiye 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China Corresponding author: cavitalemdar[email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0003-1054-2022 Second Author: 0000-0003-1008-5856 Third Author: 0009-0005-1101-5536 Abstract Fractional calculus has many applications in various fields such as physics, chemistry, engineering, and mathematics. The use of arithmetic operations from classical analysis in fractional analysis provides more realistic results in solving many problems. In this paper, we establish an identity involving the Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals for differentiable functions. By using this identity, we derive several Simpson-type inequalities for functions whose derivatives in absolute value are convex. Finally, some new results are presented as special cases of the main theorems. Keywords: Simpson-type inequalities; Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals; Convex functions. 40 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Development of Weighted Corrected Euler-Maclaurin-Type Inequalities via Fractional Operators for Various Function Classes Esra Üneş1, İzzettin Demir1 1Department of Mathematics, Düzce University, Düzce, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0005-8670-6075 Second Author: 0000-0003-0298-2872 Abstract This paper presents weighted corrected Euler-Maclaurin-type inequalities for diverse function classes by means of Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. To establish our main results, we first derive a fundamental integral identity that incorporates a positive weighted function. The combination of this integral identity with Riemann-Liouville fractional operators yields inequalities applicable to several important function classes, including bounded functions, Lipschitzian functions, functions of bounded variation. Keywords: Corrected Euler-Maclaurin-type inequalities; Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals; Bounded functions; Lipschitzian functions; Functions of bounded variation. 41 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye New Version of Simpson-Type Inequality via Proportional Caputo-Hybrid Operator Gamzenur Köksaldı1, Tuba Tunç1 1Department of Mathematics, Duzce University, Düzce, Türkiye Corresponding author: gam[email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0009-0223-8518 Second Author: 0000-0002-4155-9180 Abstract Fractional calculus has become an essential analytical tool in modern mathematics and applied sciences, offering refined methods for modeling complex phenomena. In recent years, the field has seen significant growth, particularly with the development of novel fractional operators that enhance modeling capabilities in various scientific and engineering disciplines. The proportional Caputohybrid operator represents one of these new developments. In this study, we established new form of Simpson type inequalities within the context of the proportional Caputo-hybrid fractional operator for functions with bounded second and third derivatives. The results are supported by several concrete examples and particular cases, indicating the operator’s versatility. This study extends previous contributions in the field and introduces refined tools for the investigation of fractional inequalities and related problems in applied mathematics. Keywords: Proportional Caputo-Hybrid operator; Simpson-type inequalities; Bounded functions. 48 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Extensions of Newton-Type Inequalities via Multiplicative Conformable Fractional Integrals Hüseyin Budak1, Büşra Betül Ergün1 1 Department of Mathematics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0001-8843-955X Second Author:0009-0009-4038-4487 Abstract In this study, a new Newton-type inequality defined for multiplicative conformable fractional integrals is investigated. This inequality, which has not been previously reported in the literature, is examined within the scope of functions whose multiplicative derivatives are bounded. The inequality is derived using a fundamental identity related to multiplicatively differentiable functions and is reduced to special cases under various operators. Furthermore, the obtained inequality is specialized for multiplicative Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals and multiplicative integrals, and several related inequalities are presented within the framework of these operators. Keywords: Newton-type ineqaulity; Bounded functions; Multiplicative fractional calculus. 49 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Some Bullen Type Inequalities for Coordinated s-Convex Functions Mehmet Eyüp Kiriş1, Tuğba Çınar1 1Department of Mathematics, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0002-6463-5289 Second Author: 0000-0001-9670-4018 Abstract Convexity is one of the cornerstones of mathematical analysis and inequality theory. During the last decades, many significant inequalities have been developed for different generalizations of convex functions.In this paper, we establish new Bullen–Simpson type integral inequalities for functions of two variables whose mixed partial derivatives are s-convex in the second sense on the coordinates.Several general results and corollaries are obtained by employing Hölder, Power Mean, and Minkowski inequalities. Furthermore, the constants involved in these inequalities are explicitly determined, and the classical one-dimensional results are shown to be special cases of our findings. The obtained results provide a comprehensive generalization of the existing Bullen–Simpson type inequalities to the framework of coordinate s-convex functions, offering new insights and potential applications in numerical integration and mean inequalities. Keywords: Convex functions; Bullen type inequalities; Coordinated convexity. 50 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Relative Gromov Width with respect to Spheres Nil İpek Şirikçi Department of Economics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5161-5329 Abstract In this study, we define different versions of relative Gromov radii with respect to spheres and obtain a result on the displace ability of a Lagrangian submanifold and of the image of a symplectic embedding of a Lagrangian submanifold into (R2n, ω0) under a certain condition. Under this same condition, the Lagrangian submanifold embeds into acylinder with finite radius. Keywords: Gromov width; Gromov radius; Relative Gromov width; Relative Gromov radius; Lagrangian submanifold; Cylindrical capacity; Displacement energy; Symplectic manifold. 51 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Neural Network Approaches to High-Order Extensions of Simpson-Type Inequalities Canmert Demir1, Samet Erden2 1Department of Computer Science, Istanbul Rumeli University, İstanbul, Turkey 2Department of Mathematics, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0008-5538-6242 Second Author:0000-0001-8430-7553 Abstract We investigate the the fundamental inequalities approximation, which Erden et al. introduced in literature, is stated in this work. For the previously mentioned classes of functions, the Simpson-type quadrature rules derived from these inequalities are then investigated. The Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) technique is used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) to approximate numerical integration results based on Simpson-type inequalities. It aims to increase the computational accuracy of higher-order derivative-based computations while lowering training error metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The results demonstrate that the LM-trained ANN effectively models nonlinear mappings inside Simpsontype inequality frameworks, providing a workable numerical alternative to traditional analytical integration methods. Because it effectively captures the basic relationships between input parameters and their associated integral approximations, this adaptive network may generalize across a range of functional behaviors that are often challenging for traditional approaches to depict. Compared to existing numerical and analytical methods in the literature, this computational design shows improved precision, smoother convergence dynamics, and increased robustness to local minima during the optimization process. Furthermore, the LM-based training approach provides a flexible and scalable approach to extend the applicability of Simpson-type inequalities to more complex domains. Overall, the proposed Levenberg–Marquardt ANN provides a data-driven, flexible, and highly accurate alternative to traditional numerical integration methods. It effectively models complex nonlinear behaviors and extends Simpson-type inequalities into a computational learning framework, offering new potential for hybrid analytical–neural approaches in high-precision quadrature analysis. Keywords: Simpson-type inequalities; Quadrature rules; Artificial Neural Network (ANN); Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm; Numerical integration; Error analysis; Data-driven modeling. 52 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Double Fractional Integral Inequalities for Co-ordinated Convex Functions Samet Erden1, Burçin Gökkurt Özdemire2 1Department of Mathematics,Faculty of Science, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey 2Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, Bartn University, Bartn, Turkey Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0001-8430-7553 Second Author: 0000-0000-0000-0001 Abstract The primary objective of this study is to establish novel Ostrowski-type fractional integral inequalities for functions whose powers of the absolute values of partial derivatives are convex on the coordinates. By utilizing a fractional integral identity previously proposed in the literature, several generalized versions of these inequalities are derived. In addition, various special cases and related corollaries are provided to emphasize the importance and applicability of the obtained results. Keywords: Fractional integrals; Co-ordinated convex functions; Ostrowski type inequalities; Double integrals. 53 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Spherical Fuzzy TOPSIS with Hybrid Entropy-FUCOM Weighting Method Elif Güner1, Başak Aldemir2, Ebru Aydoğdu3, Halis Aygün1 1Department of Mathematics, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, 41380, Kocaeli-TÜRKİYE 2Department of Mathematics, AfyonKocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar-TÜRKİYE 3Department of Basic Sciences, Naval Academy, Turkish National Defence University, Istanbul-TÜRKİYE Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0002-6969-400X Second Author: 0000-0002-9073-9364 Third Author: 0000-0002-2777-8651 Fourth Author: 0000-0003-3263-3884 Abstract In this study, a novel multi-criteria group decision-makingmethod is developed by integrating subjective and objective weight determination within the framework of spherical fuzzy sets. In the proposed method, the weights of decision-makers are objectively determined by using an entropymeasurefunction, while the criteria weights are calculated through a hybrid approach that combines the FUCOM (Full Consistency Method) and entropy measure function. Thus, both subjective assessments (via FUCOM) and objective measures (via entropy) are simultaneously considered in determining the importance of the criteria. Then, this approach is integrated with the TOPSIS method in the spherical fuzzy environment. The proposed method provides a more balanced and consistent weighting system, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of different perspectives in decision-making processes. To demonstrate its applicability, the method is applied to a real-life problem andexplainedstep by step. Moreover, several entropy measures from the literature are integrated into the proposed approach to perform a sensitivity analysis based on the obtained results. This analysis allows for evaluating the performance and robustness of the method under various conditions, offering an extensive comparison. Keywords: Objective weighting; Subjective weighting; Hybrid weighting; Entropy; FUCOM, TOPSIS. 54 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Closed-form Solution for FGM Plates via using CUF and Boundary Discontinuous Fourier Method İlke Algül1, Ronaldo Laureano2, Jose Luis Mantari2, Ahmet Sinan Öktem1, 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey 2Department of Science, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), Jr. Medrano Silva 165, Barranco, Lima, Peru Corresponding author: [email protected].tr ORCID IDs: First Author:0000-0001-9974-2538 Second Author: 0000-0002-0484-1654 Third Author: 0009-0005-7029-1960 Fourth Author: 0000-0003-0982-1860 Abstract This abstract presents a study on the static analysis of fully clamped plates made from functionally graded materials, utilizing the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) in conjunction with the boundarydiscontinuous Fourier method. The CUF models the displacement field with expansion orders ranging from 1 to 4 through an Equivalent Single-Layer (ESL) approach. The material properties change exponentially and follow a power-law distribution across the plate’s thickness and are expressed using Taylor functions. The governing equilibrium equations and boundary conditions are derived using the virtual displacements principle and resolved using the boundary-discontinuous Fourier series approach. To validate the results, we compare the results with existing solutions, highlighting the benefits of using variable kinematic models for analyzing functionally graded plates. The research examines how varying porosity distributions, porosity ratios, volume fraction coefficients, and diverse types of functionally graded materials influence the mechanical properties of these structures. This approach offers a distinctive framework that can act as a reference standard for verifying novel plate theories and finite element models. Keywords: CUF; Closed-form solution; Boundary discontinuous model; Boundary discontinuous; FG Plate. 55 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Curvature Properties of Spherical Product Hypersurfaces in Minkowski Space Sezgin Büyükkütük1, İlim Kişi2, Günay Öztürk3 1Department of Mechanics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey 2Department of Mathematics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey 3Department of Mathematics, İzmir Democracy University, İzmir, Turkey Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0002-1845-0822 Second Author: 0000-0002-4785-8165 Third Author: 0000-0002-1608-0354 Abstract In this study, we investigate a special family of hypersurfaces generated via the spherical product of planar curves within the context of four-dimensional Minkowski space 𝐸14. We derive explicit expressions for the Gaussian and mean curvatures of these hypersurfaces and establish the necessary and sufficient conditions under which they become flat or minimal. This analysis reveals rich geometric structures and highlights how the ambient Lorentzian metric influences curvature behavior. Our findings provide a foundational step toward a broader understanding of spherical product hypersurfaces in non-Euclidean settings. Keywords: Hypersurface; Minkowski space; Spherical product. 56 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye The q-Frame DNA Strand Helix and its Spherical Indicatrices İlim Kişi1, Beyza Gürel1, Eslem Erdoğan1 1Department of Mathematics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0002-4785-8165 Second Author: 0009-0001-4123-9371 Third Author: 0009-0009-2288-2730 Abstract This study examines the geometry of the DNA strand helix through the q-frame (quasi-frame), a moving frame that remains well defined even at points of vanishing curvature and does not require arc-length parametrization. We derive q-frame vectors of the DNA strand helixand their corresponding curvature functions. For each vector, we construct the associated spherical indicatrix and generate visualizations. This work contributes to the theoretical framework, which may be useful in mathematical biology. Keywords: q−Frame; DNA Strand Helix; Spherical Indicatrices; Mathematical Modeling. 57 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Mathematical Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of an Epidemic System Based on the SIR Framework İrem Çay1, Mihriban Çeliktaş1, Rabia Altunok1 1Department of Mathematics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0001-9234-2523 Second Author: 0009-0008-9674-3381 Third Author: 0009-0006-2840-1529 Abstract In this study, we propose a mathematical model to analyze the impact of epidemics on population dynamics. In the classical SIR framework, the population is divided into three segments: susceptible (S), infected (I), and recovered (R). However, changes in the recovery process, immune acquisition, and incidence and treatment functions can significantly alter the system's behavior. Considering these aspects, we develop a new epidemic model that incorporates these factors to provide a more realistic representation of disease transmission. The stability and dynamic behavior of the proposed model are theoretically analyzed, and the obtained results are supported by numerical simulations. Finally, the mathematical findings are interpreted from a biological perspective, highlighting the model's potential implications for epidemic prevention and control. Keywords: SIR Model; Stability analysis; Mathematical modeling. 64 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Block-Scale Steganography in Color Images Nilhan Sayın Yanılmaz1, Hülya Kodal Sevindir1 1Department of Mathematics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0001-8082-7830 Second Author: 0000-0003-1460-0608 Abstract Today, ensuring the secure transmission of data over the internet is of great importance, as there is a risk that original data may be accessed by unauthorized third parties. The aim of this study is to develop a method that enhances data security by using the steganography technique to protect confidential and personal information from unauthorized access. Steganography is a technique in which ordinary images are used as carriers to store information in a concealed manner. In this method, the sender must select an appropriate carrier image, message content, and encryption key when determining the message to be hidden. The primary goal of steganography is to ensure secure data storage without introducing any noticeable changes to the image in which the message is embedded. Considering the studies conducted in the literature on data hiding, RGB image data and the wavelet transform—one of the multi-scale methods developed in recent years—constitute the focus of this research. In this study, the data to be concealed is an RGB image, which is divided into blocks using a matrixcolumn-based approach. A cover image was selected for each block, and these blocks were embedded into the cover images using the Haar wavelet transform. Finally, the blocks obtained from the cover images were combined to reconstruct the secret image. The Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Method (SSIM) values were examined to compare the original secret image and the reconstructed image. Keywords: Steganography; Wavelet transform; color image. 65 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Measurement of Radon Gas in the Vicinity of the Adalar Segment of the North Anatolian Fault Ali Beyaz1, Caner Yalçın1 , Ezgi Tantoğlu1 , Osman Günay2 1Department of Physics, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, TÜRKİYE 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author:0009-0007-2927-2279 Second Author: 0000-0002-3105-7267 Abstract The prediction of seismic events encompasses a range of parameters, including magnitude, geographical location, and temporal considerations. While the determination of location and magnitude can be made to a certain degree in the present, temporal predictions must be expressed in long intervals. This underscores the critical importance of short-term prediction. A substantial body of research has identified a correlation between variations in radon gas concentrations, both prior to and following seismic events, and seismic activity. A major earthquake is anticipated in the Adalar and Avcılar segments of the North Anatolian Fault, situated within the Sea of Marmara (a region previously impacted by the 1912 Ganos and 1999 Kocaeli earthquakes). In this study, radon concentration and temperature, humidity, and pressure data were collected in a continuous manner. This data was collected using a station that was to be established on the Anatolian plate in the Adalar segment. The relationship between radon anomalies and earthquakes was investigated using these data. The cause of the radon anomalies that occurred was determined, and their relationship with geological activity was analyzed. The rise in radon concentration that began on August 11, 2025, and persisted until the 15 August 2024, 06:20 magnitude 3.8 earthquake in Mudanya, Bursa, has been linked to the seismic event. Keywords: Soil radon concentration; Earthquake; Alpha guard radon monitor. Acknowledgement: This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) under Project No. 123Y145. 66 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Design and Thermal Analysis of a Target for Simultaneous ¹⁵²Tb / ¹⁵⁵Tb Production via Alpha Induced Reactions Caner Yalçın1, Recep Taygun Güray1 1Department of Physics, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, TÜRKİYE Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0007-2927-2279 Second Author: 0000-0002-5481-9981 Abstract A considerable body of research has recently been devoted to the investigation of terbium radioisotopes and their potential for use in both therapeutic and diagnostic applications in the field of nuclear medicine.While experimental studies have commenced, the necessary information for the commercial production of Terbium isotopes in accelerators has yet to be obtained. In this study, a target design was proposed for the simultaneous production of 152Tb and 155Tb isotopes using enriched Europium targets. The thermal analysis of this design was performed according to different accelerator parameters. Consequently, the cooling requirements necessary for optimal isotopic fraction and activation were calculated, and the practical limits of the target design were determined. Keywords: Tb-152; Tb-155; Target design; Alpha induced reactions. 67 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Neutron Imaging Applications Ibrahim Oksuz1,2 1Chemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA 2Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Corresponding author: [email protected],[email protected]u ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0878-4183 Abstract The discovery of the neutron in 1932 not only made it possible for humanity to access nuclear energy over time but also enabled the use of neutrons as a probe in existing material inspection methods and led to the development of new techniques. One such technique is neutron imaging, a powerful nondestructive evaluation method. In this technique, neutrons sent toward a sample undergo various reactions, such as elastic scattering and capture, and the neutrons that pass through the sample are captured by a detector that generates signals which are eventually converted into an image. A typical digital neutron imaging system consists of a neutron source, a scintillator, and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that collects the visible-light data produced by the scintillator and converts it into a radiograph. Neutron computed tomography (nCT) involves combining many radiographs acquired from different angles of the sample, enabling full 3D inspection. Unlike X-rays, neutrons interact with atomic nuclei, making neutron and X-ray imaging complementary. Because neutrons interact with nuclei, they can reveal low-Z materials hidden behind high-Z materials. Neutron imaging therefore finds applications in many fields, including the nuclear industry, energy storage systems, national security, and archeology. Additionally, it is used to examine defects in additively manufactured materials that contain both lowand high-Z elements. In such materials, resolving sub-millimeter features is possible using fast neutrons, with minimal nuclear transmutation occurring in the inspected components. Keywords: Neutron imaging; Neutron computed tomography; Scintillator. 68 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Error Bounds for Boole's Type Inequalities via Tempered Fractional Operators with Numerical Analysis Maliha Batool1, Huseyin Budak2, Asia Shehzadi3, Wali Haider3 1School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China. 2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Türkiye. 3School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China. Corresponding author: malihabatoo[email protected]m ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0008-2433-7923 Second Author: 0000-0001-8843-955X Third Author: 0009-0005-1101-5536 Fourth Author: 0009-0001-7065-2755 Abstract The study of numerical analysis and fractional integral inequalities facilitates the precise error evaluation and accuracy of the stability of numerical integration formulas in computational schemes. In this study, we formulate novel Boole-type inequalities for differentiable convex functions within the framework of tempered fractional integrals. Initially, we establish an integral identity within the context of tempered fractional integrals. Through the utilization of this identity, we derive several Boole's type inequalities for differentiable convex mappings associated with tempered fractional integrals. We obtain unique Boole's type inequalities by leveraging significant mathematical tools such as Holder's and power mean inequality, enhancing the implementation of these inequalities in diverse mathematical domains. To demonstrate the practical and theoretical implications, we present concrete examples derived from the established results, emphasizing their significance in fractional calculus and its broader applications. Keywords: Boole's formula type inequality; Convex function; Tempered fractional integrals. 69 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Enhanced Fractional Boole's Type Inequalities for Differentiable Convex Functions using Tempered Fractional Integrals Maliha Batool1, Huseyin Budak2, Asia Shehzadi3, Wali Haider3 1School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China. 2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Türkiye. 3School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China. Corresponding author: malihabatoo[email protected]m ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0008-2433-7923 Second Author: 0000-0001-8843-955X Third Author: 0009-0005-1101-5536 Fourth Author: 0009-0001-7065-2755 Abstract Fractional calculus generalizes classical differentiation and integration of arbitrary order. It offers practical analytical approaches for defining complex phenomena exhibiting nonlocal behavior and memory. This investigation introduces unique inequalities for convex functions employing tempered fractional integrals, focusing on Boole's type inequalities. A significant equality is formulated within the framework of tempered fractional integrals. Based on this identity, we develop various Boole-type inequalities for differentiable convex mappings connected with tempered fractional integrals. These mappings extend the applicability of fractional calculus by extending classical notions and presenting further insight into the behavior of convex functions. We attain distinctive types of Boole's type inequalities by incorporating key mathematical techniques such as bounded functions, Lipschitzian functions, and functions with bounded variation, improving the practical applicability of these inequalities in various mathematical realms. The practical relevance and theoretical implications of the findings are demonstrated through concrete examples obtained from the newly obtained theorems, highlighting their significance in fractional calculus and its larger applications. Keywords: Boole's formula type inequality; Convex function; Tempered fractional integrals; Lipschitzian function; Bounded variation. 70 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Fractional Calculus Approach to Perturbed Trapezoid-Type Inequalities: Novel Error Estimates and Application Arslan Munir1, Li Shumin1, Hüseyin Budak2 1School of Mathematical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 People’s Republic of, China. 2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Türkiye. Corresponding author: munirarslan99[email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0008-8148-5607 Second Author: 0000-0002-6236-6273 Third Author:0000-0001-8843-955X Abstract Inequalities involving fractional operators have also been an active area of research. These inequalities play a crucial role in establishing bounds, estimates, and stability conditions for solutions to fractional integrals. The main aim in the current article is to establish an identity through the Caputo Fabrizio integral operator. By using this identity, we are obtained the new fractional bounds and error estimated for the perturbed trapezoid-type inequalities. With the aid of this identity, it is proved that new fractional perturbed trapezoid-type inequalities for functions whose third derivatives in absolute value are convex. In addition, the research has acquired fractional perturbed trapezoid type inequalities for (\alpha,m)-convex function. This is the first article for fractional version of perturbed trapezoid-type inequalities. Finally, we present several corollaries to demonstrate how new results are better than previous results. Moreover, we have given application to the quadrature formula. Keywords: Perturbed trapezoid type inequality; (alpha,m)-convex function; Fractional integrals; Young’s inequality. 71 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Improved Bounds for Ostrowski’s Type Inequalities via a Generalized Montgomery Identity Nadia Bibi1, Ather Qayyum2, Muhammad Saleem1 1Department of Mathematics, NCBA&E Lahore, Multan (Campus), Pakistan 2Department of Mathematics, University of Southern Punjab Multan, Pakistan Corresponding author:[email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0009-4546-761X Second Author: 0000-0003-4149-5305 Third Author: 0000-0000-0000-0002 Abstract Integral inequalities have applications in numerical integration, approximation theory, error analysis, fractional calculus, optimization techniques and applied mathematical modeling. In this work, a generalized Montgomery-type identity is used to derive refined Ostrowski-type integral inequalities. The proposed methodology yields more precise and adaptable bounds that extend several existing results and enhance analytical accuracy. A comparative assessment indicates that the established inequalities provide narrower error margins and superior computational reliability compared to prior contributions. Moreover, graphical and numerical illustrations are presented to substantiate the validity of the derived outcomes. Keywords: Ostrowski-type inequality; Chebyshev–Grüss inequality; Montgomery identity; Chebyshev functional; Numerical integration. 72 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Advancements in Weddle's Formula for Tempered Fractional Integrals: Applications in Numerical Integration Wali Haider1, Huseyin Budak2, Mehmet Zeki Sarikaya3, Asia Shehzadi1 1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China 2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Türkiye 3Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Düzce University, Düzce 81620, T urkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0001-7065-2755 Second Author: 0000-0001-8843-955X Third Author: 0000-0002-3108-7378 Fourth Author: 0009-0005-1101-5536 Abstract Tempered fractional integrals arise naturally in the modeling of anomalous diffusion, viscoelastic phenomena, and other processes in modern physics. In this study, we provides a comprehensive derivation of integral inequalities for differentiable convex functions in the context of tempered fractional integrals. Initially, we formulate significant integral identity involving tempered fractional integrals, which are subsequently used to establish Weddle's type inequalities for differentiable convex functions. Furthermore, numerical demonstrations and graphical representations to affirm the validity and relevance of these newly derived inequalities within the tempered fractional integral framework are presented. Keywords: Convexity; Weddle's formula; Fractional calculus; Tempered fractional integrals. 73 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Novel Parameterized Quadrature Formulas Type Inequalities and Their Applications Wali Haider1, Asia Shehzadi1 1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0001-7065-2755 Second Author: 0009-0005-1101-5536 Abstract Numerical integration plays a crucial role in the theory of integral inequalities, providing a rigorous framework for establishing accurate error bounds and analytical estimates. To strengthen the theoretical foundation of quadrature rules in this investigation, we derived a unique parameterized equality that formulates a family of quadrature formulas. Employing this equality, we obtain numerous inequalities for functions whose derivatives, in absolute value, are convex. These proposed inequalities generalize and extend well-known results, including trapezoid, midpoint, Simpson, Milne, and Boole-type inequalities that have been previously studied in the literature. The theoretical developments are complemented by numerical illustrations and graphical analysis to confirm the significance of established inequalities. These results are particularly significant for estimating error bounds in quadrature formulas, offering refined tools for advancing the precision of numerical integration techniques. Keywords: Convexity; Boole's formula; Quadrature formulas; Error bounds. 80 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye On Estimation of the Bullen-Mercer Inequality Ahmed Hallouz Department of Mathematics, University of Tiaret, Algeria Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID ID: 0009-0005-3013-4530 Abstract This paper establishes Bullen-Mercer inequality for h-convex functions with Riemann-Liouville fractional operators. The subject is a novel fractional variant of the existing Bullen-Mercer type inequalities, with easy computations using the B-function. Furthermore, novel results on BullenMercer-type inequalities for bounded and Lipschitzian functions are discussed. Keywords: h-convex function; Bullen inequality; B-function; Mercer inequality. 81 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye A Study on Maclaurin Type Inequalities via P-Mapping and Its Applications Usama Asif1, Muhammad Uzair Awan1, Muniba Fareed1 1Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Corresponding author: mianusamaasif1[email protected]m ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0008-0031-2545 Second Author: 0000-0002-1019-9485 Third Author: 0009-0009-4122-5429 Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate Maclaurin's type inequalities via P-mapping. For this purpose of investigation, firstly, we recall an identity and some interesting inequalities of Maclaurin's type, which were proved by Cortez et al. in [A new approach to error inequalities: From Euler-Maclaurin bounds to cubically convergent algorithm]. Then, by considering this identity as a primary result, we obtained some new variants of Maclaurin-type inequalities in the context of P-mapping. Furthermore, we provide a comparative analysis between P-mapping and classical convex mapping through graphically and numerically.To show the significance of our results, we also give some interesting applications of our main findings. Keywords: Integral inequalities; P-mapping; Maclaurin inequality. 82 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Comparative Analysis of Higher-Order Neural Networks and Kernel-Based Nonlinear Arps Models for Forecasting Cumulative Oil Production Ayesha Sadiqa1, Huseyin Budak2 1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China, 2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Türkiye. Corresponding author: ayesha123[email protected]ut.edu.cn ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0000-4551-4900 Second Author: 0000-0001-8843-955X Abstract For petroleum reservoir management and production techniques to be optimized, cumulative oil production forecasts must be accurate. Using production data from a sandstone reservoir in the Cambay Basin, Gujarat, India, this comparative study examines the predicted performance of two sophisticated modeling techniques: the Nonlinear Extension of the Arps Decline Model (NEA) and the Higher-Order Neural Network (HONN).By encoding both linear and nonlinear correlations of input parameters, the HONN technique improves on the capabilities of traditional neural networks and makes learning effective even with sparse training data. By incorporating kernel approaches into the conventional Arps decline formulation, the NEA model, on the other hand, allows for a nonlinear multivariate structure that captures intricate reservoir dynamics while preserving computing simplicity via a one-step linear recursion. Field production data that had been pre-processed and noise-filtered was used to train and evaluate both models. Forecast accuracy, robustness to sparse data, and generalizability over nonstationary production trends were used to assess comparative performance.The findings show that the NEA model exhibits higher stability and interpretability for long-term production decrease analysis, whereas HONN offers superior adaptation to nonlinear data patterns and produces extremely accurate short-term projections. The work emphasizes how datadriven neural techniques and kernel-based decline models complement each other in improving the accuracy of production forecasting in the context of limited data, which is common in Indian petroleum reservoirs. Keywords: Oil production forecasting; Time series; Higher-order neural networks; Higher-order synaptic operation; Kernel method; Arps decline; Multivariate regression. 83 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Mathematical Modeling of the Calendering Process of TemperatureDependent Non-Newtonian Fluids Using a PyTorch Neural NetworkViscosity Sana Naz Maqbool1, Mujahid Islam1, Fateh Ali1, Xinlong Feng1 1College of Mathematics and System sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China Corresponding author: snaz4842[email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0004-1607-2698 Second Author: 0009-0006-4320-6940 Third Author: 0000-0003-4755-8370 Forth Author:0000-0002-5354-6424 Abstract The aim of this research is to establish a PyTorch-based deep neural network model capable of predicting the velocity and temperature distributions in the calendering of incompressible, nonNewtonian fluids with temperature-dependent viscosity. The governing partial differential equations are first non-dimensionalized using suitable scaling variables and then simplified through lubrication theory, reducing them to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Analytical expressions for pressure, velocity, and temperature are derived using perturbation techniques. Important engineering parameters, including detachment point, final sheet thickness, roll separating force, power consumption, Nusselt number, and streamlines—are computed using the Regula Falsi method and numerical quadrature. The symbolic solutions are plotted to examine the effects of key physical parameters. A deep neural network is implemented in Python using the PyTorch framework, incorporating sigmoid activation functions. The model's predictive capability is evaluated using training loss curves, absolute error measurements, and comparative visualization through bar charts. The framework achieves remarkable precision, with mean squared error values of 4 4 4 4 2.1 10 ,6.3 10 ,4.8 10 ,8.5 10 − − − −     for velocity profiles and 4 4 4 4 3.4 10 ,5.1 10 ,3.9 10 ,7.2 10 − − − −     for temperature profiles, with coefficients of determination 20.98R for both cases. Furthermore, the effects of significant non-dimensional parameters on convective heat transfer are examined through variations in the Nusselt number. The findings demonstrate that an increase in the Weissenberg number enhances heat transfer performance, whereas a rise in the material parameter results in a reduction. Additionally, a higher Brinkman number leads to a decrease in both sheet thickness and power consumption. The developed framework supports realtime optimization of polymer sheet geometries, minimizes roll separation forces in rubber manufacturing, and promotes energy-efficient processing in advanced coating and nanomaterial applications. Keywords: PyTorch; Artificial neural Networks; Calendering; non-Newtonian fluid model; Temperature-dependent viscosity; approximation solution. 84 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions for Time-variable Fractional Differential Equations Assia Guezane Lakoud1, Rabah Khaldi1, 1Laboratory of Systems and Advanced Materials, Department of Mathematics, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0002-5280-2633 Second Author: 0000-0002-6462-4424 Abstract In this talk, we investigate a nonlinear initial value problem involving a Caputo fractional derivative whose order is a continuous and nondecreasing function of time. By employing a successive approximation method, we construct a sequence of functions and prove, using the Arzelà-Ascoli theorem, that this sequence converges uniformly to a solution. A Lipschitz-type condition on the nonlinear term ensures uniqueness, with a computable constant that guarantees the contraction property. An illustrative example confirms that the imposed conditions are satisfied in practice, thereby validating the theoretical results. Keywords: Fractional differential equation; Caputo derivative; Existence of solution; Uniqueness of solution. 85 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Exponential Stability for Coupled Lamé System with a Fractional Derivative Time Delay Noureddine Taouaf Department of Mathematics, Nour-Bachir university center, Elbayadh, Algeria Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID ID: 0009-0007-8911-4504 Abstract We develop a detailed analysis for a coupled Lamé system with fractional time delay. We show by using a semigroup approach and the well-known Dafermos auxiliary variable, that the system is wellposed. Moreover, we analyze stability issue for the considered system. Namely, under a suitable choice of Lyapunov functional, exponential decay of the whole energy holds. The study of the Lamé system of elastostatics equipped with various boundary conditions (Dirichlet, Neumann and mixed type) takes an important place in mathematical and engineering litterature. Subsequent efforts to increase the range of its applicability of the mathematical theory developed in this direction have led to the consideration of more general type of systems. Thus, our paper concers with the study of two coupled Lamé systems where the fractional damping term with time delay is focused in one component for system (1.1) and two components for system (1.2). Theses systems are given by: {𝑢1′′(𝑥,𝑡)+∝𝑢2(𝑥,𝑡)−∆𝑒𝑢1(𝑥,𝑡)+𝜇1𝑢1′(𝑥,𝑡)+𝑎𝜕𝑡𝛽,𝑘𝜇1𝑢1 ′(𝑥,𝑡−𝜏)=0,𝑖𝑛 Ω×ℝ+ ∗, 𝑢2 ′′ (𝑥,𝑡)+∝𝑢1(𝑥,𝑡)−∆𝑒𝑢2(𝑥,𝑡)+𝜇1𝑢2 ′(𝑥,𝑡)=0 ,𝑖𝑛 Ω×ℝ+ ∗ (1.1) and {𝑢1′′(𝑥,𝑡)+∝𝑢2(𝑥,𝑡)−∆𝑒𝑢1(𝑥,𝑡)+𝜇1𝑢1′(𝑥,𝑡)+𝑎𝜕𝑡𝛽,𝑘𝜇1𝑢1 ′(𝑥,𝑡−𝜏)=0,𝑖𝑛 Ω×ℝ+ ∗, 𝑢2 ′′ (𝑥,𝑡)+∝𝑢1(𝑥,𝑡)−∆𝑒𝑢2(𝑥,𝑡)+𝜇1𝑢2 ′(𝑥,𝑡)+𝑏𝜕𝑡𝛽,𝑘𝜇2𝑢1 ′(𝑥,𝑡−𝜏)=0,𝑖𝑛 Ω×ℝ+ ∗. (1.2) Keywords: Wave equation; Coupled system; Lyapunov function; Fractional time delay. 86 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye A Positivity-Preserving Numerical Scheme for Reaction–Diffusion SIRA Models of Cyber-Epidemics Aqib Zafar1, Xinlong Feng1 1College of Mathematics and System Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China. Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0000-4855-7180 Second Author: 0000-0002-5354-6424 Abstract This abstract presents a comprehensive study of mathematical models for understanding and controlling cyber-epidemics. We investigate the fundamental properties of an extended SusceptibleInfected-Removed-Antidotal (SIRA) model within a reaction-diffusion framework and establish new theoretical results that extend previous work in the field. Our main contributions include: (1) the development of a novel mathematical framework for capturing both local infection dynamics and spatial transmission of malware across networks, (2) the proof of conditions for boundedness and convergence of the discrete system based on M-matrix theory, and (3) applications to cyber security strategies for antivirus deployment optimization and outbreak containment. The methodology employs advanced techniques from numerical analysis and stability theory including a semi-implicit numerical scheme that treats diffusion terms implicitly and reaction terms explicitly, coupled with Nonstandard Finite Difference (NSFD) techniques. Keywords: Computer virus model; Reaction-diffusion; Semi-implicit; Stability analysis; Operator splitting; NSFD scheme. 87 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Analysis of Dynamic Temperature Characteristics of Gearbox Transmission System of Wind Turbine Arshad Muhammad Yousuf1, Zhou Jiangxing1, Jabeen Farwa1 1College of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0003-7357-4769 Second Author:0000-0002-0764-1172 Third Author:0009-0006-6303-2079 Abstract Gear transmission systems are widely employed in wind power, aerospace, automotive, marine, and heavy machinery industries due to their high efficiency, stability, and load capacity. In wind turbines, they regulate speed and torque to optimize generator performance. However, gearboxes remain prone to failures nearly 48% of total turbine faults primarily due to excessive temperature rise that degrades lubrication and reduces efficiency. This study investigates the thermal behavior of a wind turbine gearbearing-rotor system through a combination of numerical simulations and experimental validation. A dynamic model is developed using the lumped parameter method, followed by a finite element thermal model incorporating translation–torsion coupling and frictional heat generation. The model predicts temperature distributions and identifies hotspots, mainly around the high-speed shaft bearing and gear. Comparative analysis under wind and non-wind conditions reveals that input speed and wind loading significantly influence thermal response, exhibiting exponential trends with increasing speed. Results validated with SCADA data show strong agreement with theoretical predictions, confirming the model’s reliability. The proposed method offers an effective approach for thermal monitoring and optimization of wind turbine gearboxes, enhancing operational reliability and lifespan. Keywords: Wind turbine; Gear transmission; Thermal analysis; Finite element; Wind load; Temperature distributio. 88 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Performance Analysis of Multi Unit Distributed System with Internet Service Providers Muhammad Salihu Isa1, Ibrahim Yusuf2 1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China 2Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria Corresponding author: salihu.muh[email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0001-5993-3823 Second Author: 0000-0002-4849-0163 Abstract In this present study series-parallel system composed of three subsystems with the following specifications are analyzed: subsystem 1 consists of three dissimilar clients connected to two dissimilar internet service providers (ISPs) which made up subsystem 2, whereas subsystem 3 consist of a single unit active server. Clients, internet service providers and server’s failure rate 𝛽𝑖 (𝑖= 0,1,2,3) and repair rate 𝛼𝑗 (𝑗=0,1,2,3) are assumed to be exponentially distributed. This system is susceptible under first order differential difference equation to formulate the expression of availability, mean time to failure (MTTF) and profit. The service reliability of the ISP and its impact on clients are thoroughly investigated. These effects however, vary depending on the failure and repair rates. This study will be useful to system engineers for service quality dimensions, as well as designers, plant management, developers, and maintenance personnel in the appropriate design and analysis of maintenance policies or processes in the assessment of system performance and safety in general during and after the burn-in period. Keywords: Availability; Clients; Internet service provider (ISP); Profit and reliability. 89 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye A Hybrid Cubic B-Spline Galerkin Technique for Solving the Nonlinear Time Fractional Klein-Gordon Equation Ammara Yasin1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal2, Muhammad Abbas3 1Department of Mathematics& Statistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan 3Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Corresponding author: [email protected]u.pk ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0003-1807-0648 Second Author: Third Author: Abstract This research presents a high-accuracy numerical scheme based on the finite element method to solve the Time Fractional Klein-Gordon Equation (TFKGE). This model is crucial for describing fractionalorder scalar fields and non-local wave dynamics in quantum field theory and condensed matter physics. The spatial discretization is achieved using the Cubic B-spline Galerkin method. This choice leverages the superior approximation properties, compact support, and smoothness inherent to cubic B-splines, which are utilized as robust basis functions over the computational domain. A formal coordinate transformation is implemented to establish the necessary correspondence between the global finite element mesh and the local basis function support. The fractional temporal dynamics are modeled using the Caputo fractional derivative, specifically chosen for its compatibility with standard initial conditions in physical systems. Time discretization employs a hybrid approach, the fractional derivative is approximated via a dedicated standard finite difference scheme, while the unknown field functions are integrated using the Crank-Nicolson method. A rigorous theoretical stability analysis of the resulting full discretization scheme confirms its unconditional stability, guaranteeing reliable computation across various time steps. The proposed method is validated through simulations of several benchmark TFKGE problems. Comparative results against analytical solutions and existing literature confirm the scheme's high accuracy, efficiency, and convergence rate for modeling complex fractional-order wave phenomena. Keywords: Time Fractional Klein-Gordon Equation (TFKGE); Cubic B-spline; Galerkin finite element method. 96 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Existence of Solutions for Random System of Functional Differential Equations Khelıfa Daoudı Department of Mathematics, Institute of Sciences, university Center of Nour Bachir, El-Bayadh, Algeria Corresponding author: khelifa.daou[email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5444-1181 Abstract Our results are used to prove the existence, uniqueness and compactness of solutions for systems of random semilinear functional differential equations with initial and boundary conditions. We assume that the linear part generates a strongly continuous semigroup on a general Banach space. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the results. In this paper, we give some existence results for functional differential equations with delay and random effects, we study the following systems { 𝑥′(𝑡,𝜔) = 𝐴₁(𝜔)𝑥(𝑡,𝜔) + 𝑓(𝑡,𝑥𝑡(·,𝜔),𝑦𝑡(·,𝜔),𝜔), 𝑡 ∈ 𝐽∶= [0,𝑇] 𝑦′(𝑡,𝜔) = 𝐴₂(𝜔)𝑥(𝑡,𝜔) + 𝑔(𝑡,𝑥𝑡(·,𝜔),𝑦𝑡(·,𝜔),𝜔), 𝑡 ∈ 𝐽∶= [0,𝑇] 𝑥(𝜃,𝜔)= 𝜑(𝜃,𝜔), 𝜃 ∈ [−𝑟,0] 𝑦(𝜃,𝜔)=𝛹(𝜃,𝜔), 𝜃 ∈ [−𝑟,0] (1) where 𝑓,𝑔∶ 𝐽 × 𝐶([−𝑟,0]× 𝛺,𝑋)× 𝐶([−𝑟,0]× 𝛺,𝑋)× 𝛺 → 𝑋,(𝛺,𝒜) is a measurable space, 𝐴ᵢ∶ 𝛺 × 𝑋 → 𝑋,𝑖 = 1,2 are random operators, 𝜑,Ψ are two random maps and 𝑋 is a separable Banach space. This paper is organized as follows: In Section 1, we introduce the material needed in this paper such as generalized metric space, some fixed point theorems. In Section 2, we shall use a random version of the Perov type theorem for the study of problemsfor random functional differential equations. In Section 3, we present an illustrative and comparative example. Keywords: Mild solutions; Random variable; Differential equations; Fixed point. 97 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Solution of Fractional Derivative Homogeneous and Non-Homogeneous Parabolic Problems using the Fourier Method Şöhret Turhan1, İrem Bağlan1 1Department of Mathematics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, TR-41380, Turkey Corresponding author: [email protected]u.tr ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0008-5438-2709 Second Author: 0000-0003-4900-6027 Abstract In this study, fractional derivative homogeneous and non-homogeneous parabolic problems are investigated under periodic boundary conditions. Analytical solutions are obtained using the Fourier method. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in solving fractional parabolic problems. Keywords: Fractional derivative; Parabolic problems; Fourier method. 98 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Solution of Differential Equations related to Markov Processes Belaidi Mohamed Department of Mathematics, Nour Bachir University, El-Bayadh, Algeria Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8543-6927 Abstract This work studies the relationship between differential equations and Markov processes, focusing on the characterization and solution of evolution equations associated with stochastic dynamics. In particular, we consider differential equations governing the transition probabilities and expectations of Markov processes, such as the Kolmogorov forward (Fokker–Planck) and backward equations. Analytical and probabilistic techniques are employed to establish existence, uniqueness, and regularity of solutions under suitable conditions on the generator of the process. Several examples, including diffusion and jump processes, illustrate how these equations describe the temporal evolution of probability distributions and expectations. The results highlight the deep connection between stochastic analysis and partial differential equations in modeling random phenomena Keywords: Stochastic differential equations; Markov processes. 99 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Non-Isothermal Fluid Flow for Constrained Roll Coating System: A Comparative Investigation Mujahid Islam1, Fateh Ali1, Xinlong Feng1, Sana Naz Maqbool1 1College of Mathematics and System sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China Corresponding author: mujahidislam6[email protected]m ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0006-4320-6940 Second Author: 0000-0003-4755-8370 Third Author: 0000-0002-5354-6424 Fourth Author: 0009-0004-1607-2698 Abstract This article offers a comprehensive theoretical and numerical analysis of non-isothermal fluid flow, utilizing the power law model, across the tiny gap between a rotating roll and a stationary wall. The governing energy and momentum equations are formulated in non-dimensional form via suitable transformations and are reduced via lubrication theory. We derive approximate analytical solutions for temperature, velocity profile, pressure gradient, and pressure distribution using perturbation techniques, while numerical solutions are obtained by Dsolve (utilizing the Midrich method) and the finite difference strategy. Key engineering quantities are determined based on analytical solutions, including coating thickness, roll separation forces, Nusselt number streamlines, and power input necessary for operating the roll under coating conditions, taking into account the system's kinematics and geometric features. Additionally, we utilize the Response surface method to analyze the power law model and evaluate its suitability for optimization. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to quantify the impacts of the Weisenberger number and the gravity parameter on roll splitting force, coating thickness, and power input. The significant coefficients of determination validate the precision of the model. The robustness of our findings is further evidenced by a significant correlation between the perturbation and numerical methods, as well as a positive comparison with previous studies. This analysis offers valuable insights aimed at improving the efficiency of industrial coating processes and prolonging the lifespan of substrates. Keywords: Non-Newtonian fluid; Roll coating process; Finite difference approximation; Power law model; Sensitivity analysis; Lubrication theory. 100 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Error Estimation for Adam Bashforth Scheme of High-Index Saddle Dynamics Bilal Ahmed School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China. Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID ID: 0009-0002-8603-0421 Abstract High-index saddle dynamics offers an efficient method for calculating saddle points of any index and building the solution landscape effectively. In this paper, we use the typical Adam Bashforth multistep method for numerical discretization of the high-index saddle dynamics. We prove error estimates for second order Adam Bashforth multi-step discretization of high-index saddle dynamics with respect to the time step size, which is not addressed in the literature. During convergence order proof process, we employ mathematical induction to demonstrate the boundedness of the characteristic vectors obtained at each step and to demonstrate the error estimates for the discretization of high-index saddle dynamics by Adam Bashforth with respect to the time step size. At the Numerical experiments are rigorously performed to validate the theoretical reliability of the proposed schemes, involving varied parameters and conditions to assess their robustness and accuracy. Keywords: Saddle point; Saddle dynamic; Solution landscape; Adam Bashforth method; Error estimates. 101 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Electromagnetic Influence on Wave Dynamics in the (3+1)-Dimensional Modified KdV–Zakharov–Kuznetsov Framework Khurrem Shehzad1,2, Jun Wang1, Muhammad Arshad2, Imram Mubeen2 1School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P.R. China. 2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Corresponding author: khurremsheh[email protected]m ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0002-9355-0484 Second Author: 0000-0001-9252-6883 Third Author: 0000-0001-9660-0518 Fourth Author: 0009-0003-3714-346X Abstract This study focuses on understanding wave propagation in dispersive and nonlinear media by analyzing the dynamic behavior of the modified KdV-Zakharov-Kuznetsov (mKdV-ZK) equation. Building on the extensively researched KdV-ZK equation, we examine solitary wave solutions of the (3+1)- dimensional mKdV-ZK equation using the extended modified Sardar sub-equation method. As a result, a diverse array of novel soliton solutions are obtained, including multi-peak solitons, kink and anti-kink waves, dark and bright solitons, and breather waves. These analytical solutions are derived in terms of key physical quantities such as electrostatic field potential, quantum statistical pressure, electric fields, and magnetic fields. Graphical representations are provided to illustrate the distinct dynamical features of the obtained wave solutions, highlighting their relevance to plasma physics, nonlinear optics, and electromagnetic wave propagation. The results confirm that the extended modified Sardar sub-equation method is an efficient and versatile tool for solving higher-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations, with broad applicability to nonlinear wave systems in applied mathematics and physical sciences. Keywords: Modified KdV-ZK equation; Extended modified Sardar sub-equation method; Bright soliton; Kink and anti-kink type waves; Electric and magnetic fields; Electrostatic potential. 102 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Advanced Fuzzy Aggregation Operators for Multi-Criteria DecisionMaking in Circular Intuitionistic Systems Muhammad Amman1, Tabasam Rashid1, Asif Ali1,2 1Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 2Department of Mathematics, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author : 0009-0003-6063-489X Second Author : 0000-0002-8691-1088 Third Author : 0000-0002-2941-9660 Abstract In this research, a new fuzzy modeling framework is proposed to better capture uncertainty and interdependence in multi-criteria decision-making environments. The approach employs a circular intuitionistic structure that simultaneously considers degrees of membership, non-membership, and their geometric relationship through a radius parameter. To aggregate this information effectively, a class of nonlinear combination operators constructed on Einstein-type principles is developed, enabling more adaptive and expressive fusion of evaluation data than traditional aggregation schemes. The operators are further extended into weighted arithmetic and geometric forms to ensure coherent and interpretable decision outcomes. Their theoretical soundness is established through key mathematical properties, and the framework’s performance is illustrated using an case study evaluation. The comparative results demonstrate stable and meaningful rankings, highlighting the method’s potential as a versatile tool for decision-making under uncertainty. Keywords: MCDM; Aggregation operators; TOPSIS. 103 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Turning Apple Enzymes into Innovation: A Kyrgyz-Slovak Approach to Sustainable Biotechnology Bektore Mansurov1, Gulbubu Kurmanbekova2 1Department of Biology,Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyztsan 2Faculty of Science, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyztsan Corresponding author: correspondin[email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0002-4262-9419 Second Author:0000-0002-4340-0886 Abstract The research aims to transform natural biodiversity into practical biotechnological innovation through the extraction and application of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes derived from apple cultivars native to Kyrgyzstan and Slovakia. These enzymes exhibit strong catalytic activity in phenolic compound oxidation, making them valuable for sustainable industrial use. The developed product utilizes purified PPO as a biocatalyst with potential applications in food preservation, biosensor development, and eco-friendly oxidation systems. Comparative analysis of Kyrgyz and Slovak apple PPOs revealed distinct enzymatic stability, thermal tolerance, and substrate specificity properties that can be optimized for industrial biotechnology. The innovation focuses on enzyme-based technology for natural product stabilization, emphasizing low-cost production, renewable sourcing, and environmental sustainability. This biotechnological approach bridges biodiversity and applied science by combining genetic and biochemical characterization with practical engineering design. By merging Kyrgyz biodiversity and Slovak biotechnological expertise, this project introduces a cross-national model for green innovation. The resulting PPO-based bio-product represents a step toward eco-conscious enzyme technologies, supporting the growing global demand for sustainable and circular bioeconomy solutions. Keywords: Polyphenol oxidase; Enzyme purification; Sustainable biotechnology. 104 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Utilization of Liquorice Root and Fennel Seed Based Herbal Teamix for the Relief of Asthma Hafiz Nafees Ul Hassan1, Ali Usman2 1National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 2Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Riphah College of Rehabilitation & Allied Health Sciences Corresponding author: hafiznafeesulhassanawa[email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0003-4177-1696 Second Author: 0009-0000-3075-2455 Abstract Lifestyle modification and poor nutrition have led to a major shift in eating patterns. Herbal foods have gained extensive consideration because of the presence of abundant phytonutrients in them. Among the beverage products, Tea is mostly liked by individuals from different age group. However, their nutritional quality can further be improved by incorporating healthy ingredients like liquorice root and fennel seed powder. Liquorice root has functional and therapeutic potential to treat asthma due to the presence of bioactive components like Glycyrrhizin. The present project has been designed to find out quality characteristics of herbal teamix incorporated with liquorice root and fennel seed powder. For the purpose, liquorice root and fennel seed powder were prepared and evaluated for mineral, total phenolic content, total flavonoid, antioxidant analysis, and bioactive component. The results of the mineral content of liquorice root and fennel seed powder showed that it holds (1203mg) calcium, (1737mg) potassium, (372mg) magnesium. Liquorice root possessed total phenolic content (873mg GAE/100g) and total flavonoid content (270mg RE/100g). Antioxidant (DPPH) value was (70%), and bioactive compound (31.7g) and Fennel seed possess total phenolic content (13.47mg GAE/100g) and total flavonoid content (0.04mg RE/100g). Antioxidant (DPPH) value was (78%). Liquorice root powder was mixed with fennel seed powder in different combinations. All formulations were converted into herbal teamix followed by their compositional and phytochemical analysis. The demonstration of mineral analysis of all treatments of herbal teamix from T0 to T5 showed ranges of calcium (118.17 to 489.98mg), potassium (40.45 to 680.99mg), magnesium (1.94 to 157.31mg) mg/100g respectively. The TPC results illustrated that the highest content (853.05mg) was found in T0, and lowest (516.73mg) in T5. The highest TFC (268.24mg) was also present in T0. Antioxidant activity ranged from (68.46mg) for T0 to (72.27)mg for T5. The product was also assessed for color. With the decrease in the liquorice powder, color of herbal teamix was also decreased. Afterwards, sensory acceptability of the product was judged for different attributes like color, taste, aroma, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability. Based on composition and sensory analysis, herbal teamix containing 70% liquorice root powder and 30 of fennel seed powder (T4) was preferred as best treatment. From the results it was clear that there was a need to use underrated but versatile herbs like liquorice root and fennel seeds to develop value added products with high nutritional value. Keywords: Liquorice root; Fennel seed; Asthma. 105 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Exploring the Therapeutic Effect of Ficusbenghalensis Fruit Powder against Diabetes in Albino Rats Ali Usman1, Hafiz Nafees Ul Hassan Awan2, Samia Faiz3 1Department of Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University Sahiwal Campus 2National Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 3Government College University Faisalabad Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0000-3075-2455 Second Author: 0009-00030-4177-1696 Third Author: Abstract Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease. International diabetic federation (IDF) reported that approximately about 8 million people died of diabetes in 2021. This highlights the widespread nature of diabetes, a prevalent non-communicable disease characterized by high blood glucose level. Interestingly, within the realm of traditional medicine particularly ayurveda, the Ficus benghalensis (commonly known as Banyan fruit) boasts a long history of medicinal application primarily the bark, fruit and aerial roots of this plant are used to treat diabetes. Banyan fruit contains many bioactive compounds such as glycosides and polyphenols that help the body in the regulation of diabetes. In this study, the fruit was dried by different methods such as hot air method, microwave oven drying, and sun drying. The dried fruit was stored for further usage. The effect of drying treatment on the Ficus benghalensis fruit was assessed through proximate analysis, phytochemical profile, total saponin contents, and vitamin C contents present in it. The anti-diabetic potential of the fruit powder was assessed in albino rats. The sample dried through the sun drying showed the best results of moisture, fat, protein, and other proximate values. The value of total phenolic contents (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH) was highest in the microwave oven dried, while total flavonoid contents (TFC) were highest in the hot air oven dried sample. The amount of vitamin C contents was also highest in microwave oven dried sample. Then the anti-diabetic effect of the powder at 500mg/kg body showed the best results while the 250mg/kg and 350mg/kg showed less effect against diabetes. Keywords: Banyan fruit; Diabetes; Ayurveda; Nutraceuticals. 112 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Mechanisms of Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Why Immunotherapy Works in Only a Minority of Patients Berna Özdem1, Bulent Ozpolat1 1Sephenson School of Biomedical Engineering (SBME), The University of Oklahoma Norman, USA Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0002-4481-2866 Second Author:0000-0003-1190-9255 Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have transformed oncology, yet their real-world impact remains limited: immunotherapy is currently applicable to only about 20% of all cancer types, and among patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, durable responses occur in only 15–20%. Resistance to checkpoint blockade arises from a multifaceted inter play between tumorintrinsic genetic alterations, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and host-related determinants. Loss of antigen presentation, β2-microglobulin mutations, impaired interferon-γ signaling, and activation of oncogenic pathways such as PI3K/AKT, STK11/LKB1, and KEAP1 diminish T-cell recognition and weaken antitumor immunity. Within the tumor microenvironment, regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and cancerassociated fibroblasts create structural and metabolic barriers that limit T-cell infiltration, effector function, and metabolic fitness. Host factors—including gut microbiota composition, germline immune variants, HLA repertoire, and systemic inflammatory state—further influence therapeutic outcomes and shape both primary and acquired resistance. Sensitivity to ICIs varies widely across tumors: triple-negative breast cancer shows moderate benefit when combined with chemotherapy, whereas pancreatic duct aladenocarcinoma and glioblastoma remain profoundly resistant due to dense stromal architecture and highly suppressive immune land scapes. Predictive biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and interferon-related gene signatures provide partial guidance for patient selection but lack universal accuracy. Current strategies to overcome resistance include combination regimens with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, PARP and VEGF inhibitors, epigenetic modulators, and dual or multi-checkpoint blockade targeting emerging pathways such as LAG-3, TIGIT, and TIM-3. Future advances are expected from personalized neoantigen-based vaccines, engineered T-cell therapies, microbiome modulation, and multi-omic/AIintegrated platforms aimed at producing more precise and durable immunotherapeutic responses. Keywords: Immunotherapy; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; PD-1/PD-L1; CTLA-4; Resistance mechanisms. 113 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Self-Assembled Graphene Oxide Membrane for Water Purifications M. Ahmad Asif 1, Rashid Jalil1, Ibtsam Riaz1 1Nanotechnology Research Centre, Department of Physics University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author:0000-0001-7491-9878 Second Author:0000-0002-8347-9955 Third Author: 0000-0001-8300-4565 Abstract This abstract presents a comprehensive study of Graphene Oxide Membrane for Water Purifications. We investigate the fundamental properties of Graphene and its derivatives and establish new experimental results that extend previous work in the field. Our main contributions include: (1) the development of a novel filtration mechanism to purify polluted water The accelerating growth of global population and industrialization has intensified environmental pollution, with water contamination emerging as a critical threat to human health. Addressing the escalating shortage of freshwater requires advanced purification technologies, among which nanomaterial-based filtration systems have shown exceptional promise. Graphene and its derivatives offer unique advantages-including outstanding mechanical strength, high charge mobility, and precisely defined nano-channels that permit the transport of single-layer water molecules—along with strong interactions with both polar and non-polar solvents.In the present work, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized using the improved Hummer’s method and employed to fabricate nano-channel filtration membranes through a controlled self-assembly process. The resulting membranes, approximately 30 µm in thickness and 4 cm in diameter, feature interlayer nano-channels of ~4.2 Å. These channels effectively block the passage of atoms, ions, and molecules with hydrated radii exceeding the channel dimensions, thereby enabling selective desalination. Total dissolved solids (TDS) analysis demonstrated a substantial reduction in impurities, confirming the efficacy of GObased membranes as viable nano-filtration media for water purification. Keywords: Self-assembly; Nano-channel membranes; Graphene oxide; Desalination; Permeation; Nano-pore size. 114 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye A New Study on Hermite-Hadamard Inequalities for Specific Convexity Classes and Application Aftab Ahmad1, Ather Qayyum1, Rafia Talhat1 1Department of Mathematics, University of Southern Punjab Multan, Pakistan Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0005-6211-1034 Second Author: 0000-0003-4149-5305 Third Author: 0009-0005-5186-5164 Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of (s,m)-exponential-type functions which are convex, emphasizing their foundational algebraic properties. Building upon this framework, we drive class of latest results of Hermite-Hadamard-type inequalities by using Caputo-Fabrizio fractional integral operator. This study introduces improved integral inequalities for functions exhibiting (s,m)- exponential convexity in their powered absolute derivatives. The efficacy of these results is demonstrated through refined estimations of special means and tighter error bounds in trapezoidal and midpoint integration schemes. Keywords: Exponential convexity; Power-mean inequality; Holder’s inequality. 115 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Fractional Simpson-Like Inequalities for Thrice Differentiable Functions Hasan Kara1, Hüseyin Budak2, Ather Qayyum3 1Department of Mathematics, Düzce University, Düzce, Türkiye 2Department of Mathematics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye 3Department of Mathematics, University of Southern Punjab Multan Pakistan Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0002-2075-944X Second Author: 0000-0001-8843-955X Third Author: 0000-0003-4149-5305 Abstract In this investigation, new fractional Simpson-like inequalities for thrice differentiable functions are established by using bounded functions. Moreover, with the aid of Lipschitzian functions, some new fractional Simpson-like inequalities for thrice differentiable functions are also obtained. In addition, by considering specific parameter values, some known results are recovered as special cases of the main theorems, particularly those corresponding to the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator. Keywords: Simpson-type ineqaulity; Bounded functions; Lipschitzian functions. 116 POSTER PRESENTATIONS 117 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye NGS-Based Analysis of Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Patients Elif Yıldırım1, Naci Çine1 1Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, KocaeliUniversity, City, Türkiye Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0009-0007-3368-6458 Second Author: 0000-0001-9063-1073 Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous malignancy arising from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in key molecular pathways, primarily chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Despite advances in screening and treatment, CRC remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality world wide. The identification of recurrent gene mutations has provided significant insight into the mechanisms driving tumor initiation and progression. This study aimed to investigate the molecular and genetic alterations underlying CRC by analyzing pathogenic variants in key oncogenes and tumor suppress or genes through next-generation sequencing (NGS). Tumor samples from 27 colorectal cancer patients (17 males, 10 females) at Kocaeli University Hospital were analyzed using an NGS panel targeting key oncogenes and tumor suppress or genes to identify clinically relevant pathogenic variants. The most frequently observed mutations were TP53 (19/27), KRAS (11/27), and ERBB2 (6/27). Other detected mutations included BRAF (4/27), PIK3CA (4/27), EGFR (2/27), AKT1 (1/27), CTNNB1 (1/27), ESR1 (1/27), PDGFRA (1/27), and RAF1 (1/27). No NRAS mutations were detected. These results show that TP53 and KRAS mutations are predominant, reflecting CIN-driven tumorigenesis, while ERBB2 amplifications suggest potential targets for precision therapy. Overall, the findings highlight the mutational heterogeneity of CRC and the value of NGS-based profiling in guiding personalized diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Chromosomal instability; ERBB2; TP53; KRAS; Next-generation sequencing; Molecular profiling. 118 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Subfossil Chironomids Reveal Past Hydrologic Shift in Lake Lala Mare, Eastern Carpathians Selen Kızılkaya1, Ladislav Hamerlk1,2, Veronika Slobodnková1, Vladimr Kubovčk3, Peter Bitušk1 1Department of Biology and Ecology, Matej Bel University, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia 2 Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia 3Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Slovakia Corresponding author: selen.kizilkay[email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0001-9551-2700 Second Author:0000-0002-0803-8981 Third Author:0000-0003-4098-5791 Fourth Author:0000-0003-4069-3799 Fifth Author:0000-0002-8439-4582 Abstract Lala Mare is a high-altitude glacial lake (1800 m a.s.l.) located in the Rodna Mountains of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania. In the present study, subfossil chironomids were analysed from a 20 cm sediment sequence to reconstruct past ecological and environmental conditions. A total of 1863 head capsules, representing 26 taxa, were identified, with overall low taxonomic richness. The assemblages were mainly dominated by Tanytarsus lugens-type and Procladius sp. Hierarchical classification analysis revealed two distinct zones: The lower zone was characterized by high abundances of Tanytarsus lugens-type, whereas in the upper zone Procladius sp. became dominant, by a decline in overall diversity, suggesting enhanced productivity. Cold-adapted taxa associated with flowing water, including Diamesa, Eukiefferiella, Tvetenia, and Pseudodiamesa branickii-type, were frequent in the 1stZone, reflecting a cold inflow. In contrast, rheophilic taxa disappeared in the second zone, reflecting a shift water inflow and hydrological changes. Keywords: Chironomidae; Eastern Carpathians; Romania; Subfossil chironomids. The research was supported by the project APVV-20-0358. 119 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Liraglutide Induces DR5-Mediated Apoptosis and Suppresses Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cells Naile Nisa Topçu1, Berna Özdem1, Ibrahim Tekedereli2 1Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Inönü University, Malatya, Türkiye 2Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye. Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID IDs: First Author: 0000-0002-0447-6298 Second Author: 0000-0002-4481-2866 Third Author: 0000-0002-3300-8020 Abstract This study evaluates the anticancer potential of the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide in estrogenpositive (MCF-7) and estrogen-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines, focusing on its interaction with the DR5 (Death Receptor 5) apoptotic pathway. Cell viability analysis demonstrated that liraglutide significantly reduced proliferation after 72 hours of treatment, yielding IC₅₀ values of 3400 nM for MDA-MB-231 and 4800 nM for MCF-7 cells. Flow cytometric assessment revealed a marked increase in early and late apoptotic populations, together with elevated DR5 expression following treatment. Protein expression analysis confirmed the upregulation of DR5 and p53, supporting the activation of apoptotic signaling mechanisms.Collectively, these findings demonstrate that liraglutide inhibits breast cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis through DR5-dependent signaling, suggesting its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate for breast cancer treatment. Further preclinical validation is warranted to clarify its efficacy and safety in translational applications. Keywords: Liraglutide; Apoptosis; DR5 signaling; Breast cancer. Acknowledgement: This research was supported by İnönü University Scientific Research Projects Unit under Master's Project No. TYL2021-2684. 120 2nd KOCAELİ SCIENCE CONGRESS (KOSC-2025) Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences November 19-21, 2025, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye Spin-Polarized Two-dimensional Electron Gas in LaTiO3/EuTiO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructure Farwa Jabeen Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID ID: Abstract Complex oxide interfaces have become a cornerstone in the pursuit of quantum materials, enabling the emergence of exotic electronic and magnetic phases that are foundational for future spintronic and quantum technologies. In this project, I will grow LTO/ETO/STO films using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) to explore the induction of a spin polarized two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) by introducing magnetic ETO layer having thickness 1uc. Utilizing strain engineering and temperature modulation, this project aims to fine-tune the heterostructure's magnetic and electronic properties. The findings provide valuable insights into orbital hybridization and magnetic control, advancing the design of next-generation devices for efficient data processing in quantum and spintronic applications. Keywords: Spin-Polarized 2DEG; Complex oxide interfaces; Strain-engineered heterostructures.