SYSTEM OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Revista Română de Statistică Supliment Romanian Statistical Review Supplement 1 /2025 Institutul Naţional de Statistică Societatea Română de Statistică National Institute of StatisticsRomanian Statistical Society www.revistadestatistică.ro/supliment INSTITUTUL NAŢIONAL DE STATISTICĂ Revista Română de Statistică B-dul Libertăţii, nr. 16, sector 5, Bucureşti Telefon/fax: 0213171110 e-mail: [email protected] www.revistadestatistica.ro/supliment ISSN 2359 – 8972 Revista Română de Statistică - Supliment nr. 1 / 2025 1 SUMAR / CONTENTS 1/2025 Studiu privind evoluția proceselor demografice din România 3 Study on the evolution of demographic processes in Romania 12 Professor habil. Mădălina-Gabriela ANGHEL PhD Identificarea elementelor necesare pentru stabilirea unor modele statistico-econometrice aplicabile pentru reteritorializarea terenurilor și strategiilor agricole 21 Identification of the necessary elements for establishing of the statistical-econometrical models applicable to the reteriorization of land and agricultural strategies 29 Denis-Arthur STRIJEK PhD Student Managementul turismului explicat în România cu ajutorul indicatorilor turistici în turismul rural 37 Tourism management explained in Romania based on the tourism indicators in rural tourism 43 Lecturer Alina GHEORGHE PhD Analiza fenomenului de îmbătrânire a populației României 49 Analysis of the phenomenon of Romania's population aging 59 Professor habil. Mădălina-Gabriela ANGHEL PhD Revista Română de Statistică - Supliment nr. 1 / 2025 2 Making management decisions on the development of the tourism industry in the context of digitalization 69 Associate Professor Ulviyye HUSEYNOVA PhD Associate Professor Hecer Qafar ISMAYILOVA PhD Akrami GASIMZADEH PhD Student System of innovative technological development of industrial enterprises in modern conditions 80 Associate Professor Qocayeva Elmira Mehemmed, PhD Associate Professor Ibrahimova Sadaqat Veli, PhD Associate Professor Mamedova Sevda Binyat, PhD Responsabil de număr: Mădălina Anghel Revista Română de Statistică - Supliment nr. 1 / 2025 80 SYSTEM OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN MODERN CONDITIONS Associate Professor Qocayeva Elmira Mehemmed, PhD ([email protected]) Azerbaijan State Economic University, Azerbaijan ORCID: 0000-0001-8413-4812 Associate Professor Ibrahimova Sadaqat Veli, PhD ([email protected]) Azerbaijan State Oil Industry University, Azerbaijan ORCID: 0000-0002-1317-4806 Associate Professor Mamedova Sevda Binyat, PhD ([email protected]) Odlar Yurdu University, Azerbaijan ORCID: 0009-0000-6474-7291 Abstract This article raises the problem of achieving technological sovereignty in modern conditions: the task of providing the country with an import-independent and competitive product, for which it is necessary to create our own new technologies, conduct research and development (R & D). Achieving technological sovereignty is a complex process that includes the tools of the innovation process, R & D and technological development of production. The article presents the "symbiotic" concepts of "innovative technological development" and "system of innovative technological development", and proposes a definition of the latter. Key elements of the system of innovative technological development (SIDT) in the process of activity of an industrial enterprise in modern conditions are highlighted. It is concluded that the creation of a system of innovative technological development will allow domestic industrial enterprises to achieve the goal of technological sovereignty. The aim of the study is to systematize theoretical and methodological provisions concerning the development of innovative activities in the context of digitalization of the economy, and to assess the relationship between the results of innovative activities and information technologies. The subject of the study is a set of organizational and economic relations arising in the process of formation of innovative and technological development of industry. The object of the study is the process of innovative and technological development. In conducting the research and developing theoretical positions, general and specific methods and techniques of economic research were used: calculation and analytical, grouping, analogies, expert assessments, forecasting. The article examines the analysis and methods of the process of innovative development in industrial enterprises, the sequence of stages of the product life cycle and their stages in the implementation of new technologies (process innovation), a list of stages of creation and implementation of product, process and management innovations in modern conditions. Digitalization means the penetration of digital technologies into most areas of economic activity - their use not only in the production of goods, but also in the organization of economic and social processes, the construction of interactions and connections. Innovative activity, mediating the creation, commercialization of new digital products and services, technologies and methods of implementing business processes, management and work with personnel, remains in the context of digitalization the type of activity through which economic entities form and strengthen competitive advantages, integrating into the digital ecosystem. Revista Română de Statistică - Supliment nr. 1 / 2025 81 Keywords: innovation process, system, technological development, technological sovereignty; digital. JEL Classification: O32, Q55. Introduction In the current new conditions of activity for the economy and industry, the key task is to achieve a state of technological sovereignty and implement programs for import substitution of products and technologies with their own solutions and developments. The relevance of this global goal in a tactical sense is dictated primarily by the unavailability of imported, as well as the absence of domestic solutions for the normal functioning of industries, the work of existing industrial enterprises and the implementation of development projects for the construction of new industries, as well as the breakdown of traditional logistics supply chains for import and export directions and the global transformation of sales markets. Achieving technological sovereignty is a complex process that includes the tools of the innovation process, R & D and technological development of production. Each of these three concepts is quite traditional and systematically described, but has obvious gaps, and what is more important - today there is no concept that would combine the tools within the framework of these different areas of activity: innovation, R & D and technological development. Of course, these concepts are in many ways "related", for example, R & D is often an integral part of the innovation process, and the results of R & D are implemented in production as part of technological development programs. Literature review Since the concept of "technological sovereignty" is directly related to the above concepts and runs like a red thread through the entire article, it is advisable to conduct a brief analysis of this concept. In the course of the review of scientific literature, it was revealed that there is no single definition of the concept of "technological sovereignty", since the term is characterized by its multifaceted nature. However, two main approaches can be distinguished among researchers to defining the concept: the first is based on the concept of "sovereignty", and then the term "technological sovereignty" is used in the meaning of the independence of domestic industries from external technologies and the ability to provide themselves with domestic products based on their own technologies [3-7]. The second approach is based on a multilateral/multifaceted consideration of the concept. For example, researcher Afanasyev A.A. [8] identifies six aspects or perspectives of the problem of technological sovereignty: economic-theoretical, system-security, institutional, production, industrial-political, and criteria-evaluation. The researcher emphasizes that one of the possible problems of the lack of a unified interpretation of the concept of "technological sovereignty" is the impossibility of a scientific solution to the issue of assessing the achieved level of technological sovereignty. However, it is impossible to carry out in the absence of appropriate criteria and indicators of comparison. Achieving a state of technological autonomy and independence is impossible without development. "Technological development" is characterized by the mandatory condition of innovation [9]. As many domestic and foreign scientists note: "Investments in innovation are an important condition for increasing the rate of long-term economic growth" [10]. At the same time, the concept of "innovation" has many definitions [11], a significant part of which boils down to the fact that innovation is a certain novelty that has been developed and commercialized (implemented) [14]. Therefore, technological sovereignty has an obvious connection with innovation and the innovation process. It is worth noting that we are also talking about the creation of our own new technologies, that is, about the process of conducting research and development (R&D), considered within the framework of innovation management [7], since in this case the innovation does not arise by itself, but is the result of research and development and, in order to be implemented, must go through the stage of experimental design development. On the other hand, a significant part of the products that are covered by the concept of "technological sovereignty" must be physically produced products of the domestic industry and specific industries. From this point of view, Revista Română de Statistică - Supliment nr. 1 / 2025 82 technological sovereignty is inextricably linked with the issues of technological development of industry and modernization of production, since a new innovative product must be implemented in a modernized production within the framework of using new technology and the operation of new production lines and equipment. Achieving a state of technological sovereignty automatically leads to the implementation of import substitution programs, to the development of our own unique solutions and is more high-level. An example is the country's chemical industry and related downstream industries. The task of achieving technological sovereignty set by the country's leadership is decomposed into each industry in the form of a specific task: creating integrated chains of processing petroleum feedstock into specialty chemical products to import-substitute raw materials for final industries and produce domestic products. A "stage-by-stage" or "partial" solution to this problem, when examined in detail, does not allow achieving the goal (providing the country's economic sectors with their own sovereign product), since stage-by-stage and partial implementation boils down, for example, to replacing an imported product with a domestic one, but produced from an imported semi-finished product (predecessor). This project falls into the "import substitution" category, but does not solve the problem of technological sovereignty, since it changes the need for one imported product to the need to use another imported precursor product. The ultimate goal in this direction is to create chains of processing integrated into domestic raw materials to final products consumed by the economy, based on domestic technologies. In this case, the state of "sovereignty" is really achieved, when there is no dependence of industries on external products, semi-finished products, technologies and solutions in critical areas - when industries are able to provide themselves with domestic solutions and technologies. Summarizing the above, we can conclude that there are a number of difficulties in correlating the concepts of "technological sovereignty", "technological development", "import substitution", "innovation", "R & D", and obvious shortcomings of the theoretical and methodological base in each of them, which does not allow these components to work within a single system leading to the achievement of technological sovereignty. Therefore, the author of this article proposes to comprehensively consider such a tool as a system of innovative technological development, the development and implementation of which can help domestic industrial enterprises achieve the goal of technological sovereignty. Based on the identified shortage of works on the topic and the absence of methodological tools for solving the current problem, this article presents the results of a large-scale study. The most important current task today is the creation of a certain system that will achieve the goals of technological sovereignty and can be implemented at the enterprise level. Thus, this article offers a theoretical description of the system of innovative technological development (hereinafter - ITD), combining and complementing the existing tools of the subsystems of innovation, R & D and technological development. It is assumed that the implementation of such a system will become the basis for achieving the state of technological sovereignty and will maximize the final economic effect of this activity both within individual industrial companies and industries, and within the economy of the country as a whole. Research methodology, data, results and discussions The most important characteristic of the current stage in industrially developed countries is the transition to an innovative type of development. The innovative type of development, based primarily on the constantly increasing power, capabilities and strength of science and technology, is becoming the dominant line in the development of modern civilization. It is based on a continuous and targeted process of searching, preparing and implementing innovations, which allows for increasing the efficiency of social production, the degree of realization of the needs of society and its members, and ensuring the improvement of the life of society. Of particular importance are modern institutional changes aimed at increasing the adaptation of society to rapidly occurring technological changes, the development of methods for determining priorities in technical and economic development and mechanisms for their implementation. Revista Română de Statistică - Supliment nr. 1 / 2025 83 The development of innovative activities in the context of digitalization of the economy is becoming a factor of economic growth, a means of strengthening the competitiveness of enterprises both within the country, at the regional level, and on a global scale. Innovative technologies play a decisive role in the creation of new goods and services, contributing to an increase in labor productivity, and, consequently, factor income and welfare of the population. The development and implementation of new information, communication, digital technologies is currently at the forefront of scientific and technological progress: the fourth industrial revolution is determined by innovative development based on the digital transformation of business processes. This article applies a systems approach, methods of analysis and synthesis, classification and generalization, the method of monographic research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of domestic and foreign researchers on regional and sectoral economics, as well as regulatory legal acts. Results obtained. In order to synchronize the concepts of "innovation", "R & D" and "technological development" with the aim of integrating them into a single system of innovative technological development (SIDT), it is necessary to take into account the following main barriers. 1) The absence of a unified definition of the concept of "innovation" in the context of achieving the goals of technological sovereignty. As noted above, there are many definitions of the concept of "innovation", and if we try to generalize them, they come down to the fact that "innovation" is a certain novelty that, as a result of development and commercialization, reaches the level of final application and obtaining an economic effect. Within the framework of technological sovereignty, the task of creating one's own (sovereign) product is at the forefront, while it is not necessarily new (innovative) within the framework of the global economy. This requirement for the product to be innovative is not critical to the process of achieving technological sovereignty. The opposite situation may also arise: the product may be completely new, that is, innovative, but not critical for ensuring the country's industry. In this case, it is not a product aimed at achieving technological sovereignty. Thus, it can be concluded that the concept of "innovation" has an obvious and indirect correlation with the tasks of technological sovereignty and therefore cannot always be used as a tool for achieving a state of technological independence and autonomy. It is necessary to take this factor into account when forming the tools and elements of the created system of innovative technological development. 2) The lack of an effective methodology for managing the innovation process for industrial innovations in the context of the need to achieve technological sovereignty. The innovation process is a widely described concept [8], but it still has obvious gaps in cases of its application to modern conditions of activity. Firstly, existing approaches to defining the concept, as a rule, describe in detail the stages of the innovation process, while the primary source of innovation - the "driver" of this process, the customer - remains unclear. It is assumed that the innovation process is launched from a certain point (generation, emergence of innovation), which can be scientific institutes, researchers, startups, developers, and then goes through stages. However, industrial companies operating specific production facilities and implementing projects to build fundamentally new production facilities often do not participate in this process. At the same time, achieving technological sovereignty is a task at the level of the state, the country's economy, industries and large companies: they are the customers and "drivers" of this process. Thus, existing methodologies for managing the innovation process can work and provide an economic effect only if the issue of the customer ("driver") of industrial innovations is resolved. Secondly, scientific research is an integral part and a critical limiting stage of the innovation process, if we are talking about industrial innovations, while the process of achieving technological sovereignty itself is largely associated with the concept of "industrial innovations". At the same time, in existing methodologies for managing the innovation process, the R & D stage is only one of the stages, and insufficient attention is paid to it. In the context of industrial innovation, the R & D stage can take from 1-3 years to 10 years, until the practical application of the innovation. During such a long period, markets, macroeconomic conditions and other factors change, which affect other stages of the Revista Română de Statistică - Supliment nr. 1 / 2025 84 innovation process and actually make the current methodology of the innovation process ineffective for the case of industrial innovation. 3) Lack of integration of production modernization and technological development processes, the role of R & D and innovation in them. The processes of production modernization and technical reequipment are described quite well, but an obvious barrier is the fact that the role of R & D and innovation in them is minimized. This is a natural follow-up to the goal-setting of the production modernization process: its main goals, as a rule, are to increase the reliability of production, achieve product quality, comply with environmental directives and labor protection and industrial safety (OH&S) standards, but the introduction of a new (innovative product) is rarely the goal of the process of technological re-equipment and modernization of production. In turn, this causes a two-sided problem: the processes of industrial innovation and R & D, on the one hand, and the processes of production modernization, on the other hand, are not synchronized and are not built as a single system, and often even contradict each other. For example, it is obvious that innovations in the context of production modernization can lead to a decrease in its reliability, since the process of pilot industrial production carries increased risks (both external (e.g. economic, political and legal, scientific and technical, etc.) and internal (e.g. safety of work, financial losses, information risks, risks associated with the use of labor resources, risks associated with the use of intellectual capital, etc.)). 4) Lack of a methodology for the commercialization of industrial innovations. In the context of the description of the innovation process, the key stage is the commercialization of the innovation, since it means the introduction of the product and obtaining an economic effect, however, the main emphasis in the description of this stage is not on industrial implementation, but rather on issues of markets, clients, partners, etc. These issues are certainly important, but the key aspect of industrial innovation commercialization is the engineering stage (E&D), which follows the scientific research stage (S&R). It is obvious that the process of industrial innovation commercialization is the final stage of the process of achieving technological sovereignty, but there is no serious description by researchers of this stage and its place in the system of the innovation process of an industrial enterprise. 5) Limited role of R&D and scientific research in industrial innovation. On the one hand, the task of technological sovereignty can be solved by introducing a new (innovative) product for the industry into production, but there is a related issue of the profitability of such production, which increases with the transition to products of the following stages. The key problem in the implementation of such projects is the insufficient capacity (consumption) of the Russian market, that is, the product is critically needed for the industry, but its consumption is low compared to the minimum payback capacity of production (the minimum productivity at which the project for its creation is economically efficient). This factor is a fundamental problem and a barrier, as it means that this imported product, produced at larger foreign capacities, will always win in cost and price against a domestic product produced at low capacity. The solution to this issue, based on economic prerequisites, comes down to increasing capacity and sales volumes, that is, realizing the export potential, and this, in turn, means that the product must be competitive in cost, which is determined by the technology of its production, which is ultimately a product of the R & D process. Thus, we can conclude that a critical condition for creating a system of innovative technological development is the integration of the R & D process, ensuring the creation of not only an innovative product for the domestic industry, but also the ability to win the competition in foreign export markets. The above barriers are not the only ones, there are other shortcomings in the existing systems and methodological entities of innovation, R & D and technological development, which do not allow the existing tools to be automatically harmoniously and effectively combined into a single system. Therefore, theoretically, the state of technological sovereignty cannot be achieved. Hence the need to develop such a system that will ensure synergy and economies of scale, will increase the chances of releasing a product that is competitive in cost and in demand by the market. Taking into account the above, the concept of the "System of Innovative Technological Development" (SIDT) proposed by the author of this article, namely the further application of its Revista Română de Statistică - Supliment nr. 1 / 2025 85 principles in practice, is intended to help solve an extremely urgent problem in modern conditions - achieving a state of technological sovereignty. This will also fundamentally solve the issues of import substitution and will allow achieving a fundamentally higher economic effect from innovations within individual industries and the economy of the country as a whole. In addition, the implementation of SIDT will avoid the above barriers. Firstly, unlike the processes of innovation management, within the ITR system, the primary goal will be the creation of a domestic sovereign product and/or technology, regardless of the degree of its innovativeness, but based on the need to create its production within the country or region. Secondly, the fundamental starting point in the ITR is the strategy of technological development (of the country, region, industry and company), which is absent within the description of the innovation management process. Therefore, this element of the ITR is innovative and extremely important, since it is the starting point for launching the further process of creating innovations and R & D. Thirdly, within the ITR, the processes of R & D and technological modernization of production are synchronized. It is important to note here that the modernization of production within such a system should meet the goals of technological sovereignty of the industry, country, company, and not local (point) goals to which modernization is usually aimed. This will make it possible to use the results of R & D, and this is the difference from the approach in which technological modernization is based not on scientific developments, but on existing foreign technologies. And finally, within the framework of the ITT, a system/process of commercialization of industrial innovations is being created, which has been poorly studied by domestic economists and is associated with many uncertainties. It is worth noting that the created system of innovative technological development should be adaptive and flexible, that is, applicable to companies of any type from various industries. This imposes certain requirements on the components of the ITT, each of which should be described in sufficient detail to be practically implemented and remain flexible to be able to adapt it to the real conditions of the industry and the company. Thus, the following key components (elements) of the system of innovative technological development (ITD) can be identified: 1) Strategy for technological development of companies, industries and technological sovereignty. As noted above, there is a fundamental problem of the "customer of innovations", which in practice leads to low efficiency of the innovation process as a whole, especially in the field of industrial innovation. As a rule, innovations are initiated by research teams and developers who are not integrated into the development strategy of either individual companies or the industry as a whole, and what is even more important is that innovations are developed and implemented not in predetermined areas, but based on accumulated scientific reserves, which ultimately makes innovations unclaimed within real companies and industries. The strategy of technological development is the first key element of the SIDT, the creation of which will allow, at the level of companies, the industry and the country, to determine the key areas for achieving technological sovereignty in the form of specific products and technologies to be developed within the framework of innovation and R & D processes. Thus, the creation of a strategy for technological development is the starting point of the process of achieving technological sovereignty and the accompanying processes of innovation and R & D. The development of such strategies, in turn, will provide the basis for generating a strategy for the technological development of the industry, and the comparison and unification of industry strategies will lead to the creation of a strategy for the technological development of the country as a whole. Such a system of level synchronization of strategies will create a basis for the effective allocation of state support for scientific and technological development projects of the country. This will allow targeted support for the most capital-intensive stages of the industrial innovation process, namely the stage of pilot industrial development of technology, which requires the creation of an expensive, but often non-recoupable, pilot industrial installation for the purpose of scaling it up and moving on to the design and construction of an industrial installation.