Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica (Sicily, Italy)
Abstract
The hymenopteran family Ichneumonidae (also known as Darwin wasps) represents one of the largest families of parasitoid insects. However, faunistic research is needed to fill the gaps in the knowledge of the biodiversity of this group in the Mediterranean area and Italy.A faunistic survey on Darwin's wasps of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica (Siracusa, Sicily, Italy) is presented. A total of 81 species of ichneumonids belonging to 19 subfamilies were identified. Of these, 42 species are new records for Sicily and nine species are new records for Italy. The subfamilies Adelognathinae and Oxytorinae are reported for the first time in Sicily.Misetus obscurus Berthoumieu, 1897 stat. rev. (Ichneumoninae, Phaeogenini), originally described as a colour form of M. oculatus Wesmael, 1845, is raised to species level, based on both morphological and molecular data.
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Biodiversity Data Journal 13: e175760 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.13.e175760 Taxonomy & Inventories Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica (Sicily, Italy) Filippo Di Giovanni , Davide Badano , Davide Dal Pos , Claudio Cucini , Rebecca Funari , Erich Diller , Oleksandr Varga , Stefano Cantone , Andrea Di Giulio ‡ University of Siena, Siena, Italy § National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy | University of Central Florida, Orlando, United States of America ¶ Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Munich, Germany # I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine ¤ University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy Corresponding author: Filippo Di Giovanni ([email protected]) Academic editor: Enrico Ruzzier Received: 22 Oct 2025 | Accepted: 10 Dec 2025 | Published: 18 Dec 2025 Citation: Di Giovanni F, Badano D, Dal Pos D, Cucini C, Funari R, Diller E, Varga O, Cantone S, Di Giulio A (2025) Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica (Sicily, Italy). Biodiversity Data Journal 13: e175760. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.13.e175760 Abstract Background The hymenopteran family Ichneumonidae (also known as Darwin wasps) represents one of the largest families of parasitoid insects. However, faunistic research is needed to fill the gaps in the knowledge of the biodiversity of this group in the Mediterranean area and Italy. New information A faunistic survey on Darwin's wasps of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica (Siracusa, Sicily, Italy) is presented. A total of 81 species of ichneumonids belonging to 19 subfamilies were identified. Of these, 42 species are new records for Sicily and nine species are new records for Italy. The subfamilies Adelognathinae and Oxytorinae are reported for the first time in Sicily. ‡,§ ‡,§ | ‡,§ ‡ ¶ # ¤ ¤,§ © Di Giovanni F et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Misetus obscurus Berthoumieu, 1897 stat. rev. (Ichneumoninae, Phaeogenini), originally described as a colour form of M. oculatus Wesmael, 1845, is raised to species level, based on both morphological and molecular data. Keywords biodiversity, checklist, Ichneumoninae, parasitoids, Phaeogenini, Sicily Introduction With over 25,000 known species and an estimated diversity ranging between 60,000 and 100,000 species (Meier et al. 2024), Ichneumonidae (commonly known as Darwin wasps) represent one of the most diverse insect groups (Yu et al. 2016). The Italian fauna of this group comprises more than 2,260 species, although many of the records are fragmented and mostly concentrated in the northern regions of the peninsula (Di Giovanni et al. 2015, Di Giovanni et al. 2025a). In the most recent checklist of the Italian fauna, Scaramozzino (1995) reports approximately 175 species for Sicily. However, this list lacks several records, many of which are found in little-known or very old papers, such as those by De Stefani Perez (e.g. De Stefani (1895)). In addition to these records, around 140 species have been added to the list since the 1995s' checklist, largely due to some major faunistic contributions (e.g. Pagliano and Scaramozzino (1995), Pagliano (2003), Turrisi et al. (2007), Pagliano (2009), Riedel and Turrisi (2013), Zwakhals and Turrisi (2014)). To date, by integrating historical records, unreported data and new findings, the Darwin wasp fauna of the island comprises about 450 species (Di Giovanni & Dal Pos, unpublished data). Recent studies have shown (e.g. Di Giovanni et al. (2015), Di Giovanni et al. (2025a), Di Giovanni et al. (2025b)) that a comprehensive inventory of Ichneumonidae in the Italian fauna is still far from complete. In particular, for many of the twenty administrative regions into which Italy is divided, data are scarce or outdated and much of the diversity of the group in the southernmost part of the peninsula and in the major islands (Sardinia, Sicily) remains largely unexplored. Materials and methods The records presented in this study derive from a sampling campaign conducted in the Nature Reserve of Pantalica (Syracuse, Italy)(GPS coordinates 37°07'46.95"N, 15°01'10.70"E; altitude 236-244 m a.s.l) This protected area, located between the Anapo and Calcinara Rivers, is of exceptional geological, archaeological and faunal significance. The sampling sites are situated in habitats resembling Mediterranean shrubland, with Quercus ilex. The evergreen, thermo-Mediterranean species form a structurally complex vegetation layer that creates shaded microhabitats and contributes 2Di Giovanni F et al
to relatively stable microclimatic conditions. A total of eight sampling events were carried out, using both Malaise and light traps, between 27 April and 21 August 2023, with closer intervals in spring and more widely spaced intervals in summer (sampling dates: 27/04; 05/05; 17/05; 27/05; 17/06; 09/07; 12/08; 21/08). The research is part of a broader project on the arthropod diversity in the Reserve, by the Entomology and Parasitology Lab., Department of Science, Roma Tre University (Rome, Italy). The species are listed in alphabetical order, by subfamily, genus and species. For each species, the general distribution, occurrence in Italy and notes on morphology are provided. General distribution data follows Taxapad (Yu et al. 2016), supplemented by more recent taxonomic revisions. For the distribution in Italy, only the main bibliographic references are cited, to complement the data from the most recent available checklist (Scaramozzino 1995). The subdivision of Italian territory into North Italy, South Italy, Sicily and Sardinia follows Minelli et al. (1995); "North Italy" and "South Italy" should, therefore, be considered proper nouns (see also Di Giovanni et al. (2025a)). All collected specimens are preserved in the personal collection of the first author (FDGC, Filippo Di Giovanni Collection, Siena, Italy). Photographs were taken with a Nikon D5300 digital camera attached to a Leica Z16 APO stereoscope. Images were acquired using StackShoot TM multiple-focus imaging system and stacked in a single in-focus image using Zerene Stacker software (version 1.04). Images of Orthocentrus protervus were taken with a Leica Z16 APO microscope, equipped with Leica FLEXACAM C1 camera and processed by LAS Core software. For Misetus obscurus, DNA was extracted using the Wizard® SV Genomic DNA Purification System (Promega, US), following the manufacturer’s protocol. Amplification of the mitochondrial DNA fragment Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COX1) was performed as described in Badano et al. (2024) using the forward primer LCO1490 and the reverse primer HCO2198 (Folmer et al. 1994). Sequencing was performed at BMR Genomics (Padua, Italy) using the same primers and the Sanger sequencing method on an automated DNA sequencer. Resulting electropherograms were manually inspected with Sequencher 5.4.6 (Gene Codes, US), species identification being achieved with a BLAST strategy through the BOLD System V5 and the NCBI databases. P-distances were calculated in R v.4.5.0 (Team 2025) using the ape package (Paradis and Schliep 2018) with the function dist.dna (model = "raw", pairwise.deletion = TRUE). Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 3
Checklist of Darwin waps (Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica (Siracusa, Italy) Subfamily Adelognathinae Thomson, 1888 Genus Adelognathus Holmgren, 1857 Adelognathus punctulatus Thomson, 1883 Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 09/07/2023; year: 2023; month: 7; day: 9; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: F5F639C2-7FEE-59ED-9CA1-201023DBBC8F b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 12/08/2023; year: 2023; month: 8; day: 12; individualCount: 2; sex: females; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 2FDE0A5C-652B-58EA-A393-3CE580D2D267 Distribution:Nearctic; Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy (Kasparyan 1990, Scaramozzino 1995, Pagliano 2009). This is the first record of the subfamily Adelognathinae and of the species for Sicily. Subfamily Anomaloninae Viereck, 1918 Tribe Anomalonini Viereck, 1918 Genus Anomalon Panzer, 1804 Anomalon cruentatum (Geoffroy, 1785) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 09/07/2023; year: 2023; month: 7; day: 2; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 8DED9C7C-6D3B-509B-B0BF-4036F86146D5 Distribution:Indomalyan; Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). 4Di Giovanni F et al
Notes:Species present throughout Italy, including the major islands (Scaramozzino 1995). Tribe Gravenhorstiini Enderlein, 1912 Genus Agrypon Förster, 1860 Agrypon delarvatum (Gravenhorst, 1829) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/06/2023; year: 2023; month: 6; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 70081EDFC411-5ACE-A559-01AF6EC67F61 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North and South Italy (Faggioli 1933, Scaramozzino 1995, Pagliano 2009). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Subfamily Banchinae Wesmael, 1845 Tribe Atrophini Seyrig, 1932 Genus Lissonota Gravehorst, 1829 Lissonota carbunculus Johansson, 2024 Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 23; sex: 3 females, 20 males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni & N. Johansson; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 22FFCB71-F751-52B8-A5BF-7C7AE9A6CB2D b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/06/2023; year: 2023; month: 6; day: 17; individualCount: 2; sex: 2 females; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni & N. Johansson; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 638D6D50-5A81-5249-93F1-705D807BD386 Diagnosis:Compared to the original description of the species (Johansson 2024), the specimens examined show the following differences: the small central reddish spot on mesoscutum, as well as the reddish-yellow shoulder marks in males, sometimes Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 5
lacking; the red margin on metasomal tergites III-IV in females more extensive, with sometimes metasomal tergite IV almost entirely red, except for black spots at the base laterally; mesoand metapleuron in males sometimes almost entirely black. Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic) (Johansson 2024). Notes:Species described from France and Sardinia (Johansson 2024). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Lissonota corsicator Aubert, 1972 Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni & N. Johansson; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 37C96BBA-9C13-50B3-9BFE-B3C32D95B921 Diagnosis:With respect to the re-description of the species in Johansson (2024), the specimen collected in Sicily is slightly darker, with the hind corner of pronotum black and with the posterior margin on metasomal tergite II narrowly reddish. Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic) (Johansson 2024). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy, as a subspecies of Lissonota bicincta Szépligeti, 1899 (Scaramozzino 1995). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Lissonota fuscator Johansson, 2024 Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni & N. Johansson; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: ED8F82F0-C3A5-5682-8BBF-F7CF5BFDFA36 Diagnosis:Compared to the original description (Johansson 2024), the specimen collected in Sicily has the midand hind trochantelli almost entirely reddish-yellow and the hind tibia externally sub-basally and apically reddish-brown. Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic) (Johansson 2024). Notes:Species described from France, Great Britain and North Italy (Johansson 2024). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. 6Di Giovanni F et al
Lissonota pleuralis Brischke, 1880 Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 3; sex: females; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni & N. Johansson; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: A1554B4D-21AC-5178-B8D7-0070D894CD97 b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/06/2023; year: 2023; month: 6; day: 17; individualCount: 2; sex: females; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni & N. Johansson; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: BFA1B58E-DF92-5CE9-821E-8BE06F14E147 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic) (Johansson 2024). Notes:This is the first record of the species for Italy (Fig. 1). Tribe Banchini Wesmael, 1845 Genus Exetastes Gravenhorst, 1829 Exetastes adpressorius (Thunberg, 1822) Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 2; sex: females; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Figure 1. Lissonota pleuralis Brischke, 1880, female, habitus. Scale bar 1 mm. Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 7
Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: AF2E4220-91C7-5D62-8A01-3FAE75B2A3A2 b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 2; sex: females; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 87B295D4-6949-5BC7-BBE2-E5C317185AF5 c. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 2; sex: females; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 12C9E63B-3E14-5BBD-B3E9-5B6A34228576 d. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/06/2023; year: 2023; month: 6; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: F6216F7C-0C0C-5EA3-BD49-3F84CB54BF31 e. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 09/07/2023; year: 2023; month: 7; day: 9; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 3887B613-5DBD-5E35-81A8-08ECF8CA24D7 Distribution:Nearctic; Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic) (Riedel 2023). Notes:Species present throughout Italy, including the major islands (Scaramozzino 1995). Subfamily Campopleginae Förster, 1869 Genus Campoletis Förster, 1869 Campoletis agilis (Holmgren, 1860) Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 2; sex: 1 female, 1 male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 5014D50B-EE81-5C07-A4AF-DC4A3380E0DD b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 5; sex: 1 female, 4 male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 9A77AA4F-B4D3-5230-BADE-BD86E19E5544 c. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/06/2023; year: 2023; month: 6; day: 8Di Giovanni F et al
17; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 200E1545-1E6D-5B8C-B26D-A2CD1C907CD7 d. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 09/07/2023; year: 2023; month: 7; day: 9; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: C704AC9C-4D4E-5846-80DC-B21786941996 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic) (Riedel 2017). Notes:Species recorded for North and South Italy (Di Giovanni and Riedel 2017). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Campoletis annulata (Gravenhorst, 1829) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 995FB2A6D06B-5840-BA78-A525866D5A1C Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic) (Riedel 2017). Notes:Species recorded for North and South Italy (Gribodo 1881, Zangheri 1969) and Sicily (Vidal 1997). Campoletis latrator (Gravenhorst, 1829) Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 9ED79705-3492-5687-8F17-D2682441D1F7 b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 2; sex: females; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 778850DA-22B4-5926-B783-1888333957C2 c. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 7; sex: 4 females, 3 males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 492B7101-032E-5DEB-94FB-767749C71CCE d. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 09/07/2023; year: 2023; month: 7; day: Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 9
Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 6A29CF21AE1C-58FA-AFE1-78A83905E3D9 b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 2; sex: 1 female, 1 male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: C7E18497-4295-56BC-B5A1-070CA516E757 Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species present throughout Italy, including the major islands (Scaramozzino 1995, Schwarz 2007). Genus Myrmeleonostenus Uchida, 1936 Myrmeleonostenus italicus (Gravenhorst, 1829) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: DA6C88F0A4E3-5925-BB80-3CB84CF4432E Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species present throughout Italy, including the major islands (Scaramozzino 1995). Genus Schreineria Schreiner, 1905 Schreineria populnea (Giraud, 1872) Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 9ED45D78-091E-5B60-9710-F63F518986C3 b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 09/07/2023; year: 2023; month: 7; day: 9; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: A1AEAC94AF55-589E-AB9B-4ED51B372132 c. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 12/08/2023; year: 2023; month: 8; day: 12; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. 16 Di Giovanni F et al
Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 4E6449E9-6D5A-54E2-B318-0F3F77792AF8 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy (Scaramozzino 1995). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Genus Stenarella Szépligeti, 1916 Stenarella domator (Poda, 1761) Stenarella domator subsp. domator (Poda, 1761) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 2721A004-3A0D-5CE7-A4F5-4B9FC93E5B93 Distribution:Nearctic; Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Pelaearctic). Notes:Recorded for North, South Italy and Sicily (De Stefani 1895, Scaramozzino 1995, Schwarz and Shaw 1998, Santos and Bordera 2025). Genus Trychosis Förster, 1869 Trychosis legator (Thunberg, 1822) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 09/07/2023; year: 2023; month: 7; day: 9; individualCount: 3; sex: females; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: EA66DEE4-58B4-5FD8-8A45-00261F380A80 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species present throughout Italy, including the major islands (Scaramozzino 1995, Pagliano 2009). Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 17
Subfamily Ctenopelmatinae Förster, 1869 Tribe Perilissini Thomson, 1883 Genus Lathrolestes Förster, 1869 Lathrolestes luteolator (Gravenhorst, 1829) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni & A. Reshchikov; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 17743EFC-81E0-54DD-9146-BBC21221D396 Distribution:Australasian; Nearctic; Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy (Di Giovanni et al. 2015). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Genus Perilissus Holmgren, 1856 Perilissus sericeus (Gravenhorst, 1829) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni & A. Reshchikov; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: E2817E8C-3D7F-5633-BA55-E818B1C91C4C Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy (Scaramozzino 1995, Pagliano 2009). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. 18 Di Giovanni F et al
Subfamily Diplazontinae Viereck, 1918 Genus Diplazon Nees, 1819 Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 3B393BE5-3383-5C0E-9746-E24D60AA7A5A Distribution:Worldwide. Notes:Species present throughout Italy, including the major islands (Scaramozzino 1995). Diplazon pectoratorius (Thunberg, 1822) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 2B2E2312F764-5CED-94F4-999AF7EF821F Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy (Scaramozzino 1995) and Sicily (Turrisi et al. 2007). Genus Syrphoctonus Förster, 1869 Syrphoctonus tarsatorius (Panzer, 1809) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 6F3EF181-5A67-5F63-9CEE-985BF308E41E Distribution:Indomalayan; Nearctic; Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 19
Notes:Species present throughout Italy, including the major islands (Scaramozzino 1995, Turrisi et al. 2007, Pagliano 2009). Genus Syrphophilus Dasch, 1964 Syrphophilus bizonarius (Gravenhorst, 1829) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 05; day: 05; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 9BCC39D3-03C6-51EF-98A0-207CC3EACC92 Distribution:Indomalayan; Nearctic; Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Horizon:Species present throughout Italy, including the major islands (Scaramozzino 1995, Turrisi et al. 2007, Pagliano 2009). Subfamily Ichneumoninae Latreille, 1802 Tribe Ichneumonini Latreille, 1802 Genus Barichneumon Thomson, 1893 Barichneumon derogator (Wesmael, 1845) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 5C1A1471-74D6-5E88-99AA-77305D146CDF Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy (Scaramozzino 1995) and Sicily (De Stefani 1895, Riedel and Turrisi 2013). 20 Di Giovanni F et al
Tribe Phaeogenini Förster, 1869 Genus Dilleritomus Aubert, 1979 Dilleritomus apertor Aubert, 1979 Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 2; sex: males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionID: FDGC; occurrenceID: 5F7C4D17A9DE-514A-8156-912E53A895B7 Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy (Scaramozzino 1995). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Genus Herpestomus Wesmael, 1845 Herpestomus arridens (Gravenhorst, 1829) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 90D6F070-7D56-56DB-930F-0EE007E51733 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy (Scaramozzino 1995) and Sicily (Turrisi et al. 2007). Genus Misetus Wesmael, 1845 Misetus obscurus Berthoumieu, 1897 stat. rev. Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 4; sex: males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: E. Diller; dateIdentified: 2024; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 68D20C7A-8527-53E4-A2C5-DBB7EAF25FE8 Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 21
b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 2; sex: 1 female, 1 male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: E. Diller; dateIdentified: 2024; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: A0AAA00E-9BEA-5FAF-8B24-F8C09E14E57C c. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 09/07/2023; year: 2023; month: 7; day: 9; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: E. Diller; dateIdentified: 2024; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 9B3ADB04-2D4B-5AEF-95A9-E91B6203414C Diagnosis:Re-description, Female (Fig. 3). Body length 7 mm. Fore wing length 4 mm. Face about 0.5× as high as wide (width between compound eyes at the level of clypeal suture; height from antennal sockets to clypeal suture), polished with few scattered punctures centrally. Frons and vertex polished with very fine punctures. Clypeus polished and shining, with just few inconspicuous punctures, its apical margin almost straight and with a small developed medial tooth. Mandible slightly down-twisted at apex, with upper tooth longer than the lower one. Occipital carina complete, joining hypostomal carina at base of mandible. Antenna with 30 flagellomeres. Mesoscutum with dense punctures, notaulus deeply impressed in the anterior half; scutellum with few inconspicuous punctures, without lateral carinae. Mesopleuron, except for smooth speculum, covered with fine longitudinal striae, with a few distinct punctures interspersed in between; sternaulus impressed in the anterior half of mesopleuron; epicnemial carina present and reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron; posterior transverse carina of mesosternum interrupted at level of middle coxa. Fore wing areolet pentagonal, with cu-a opposite Rs&M. Hind wing with distal abscissa of Cu1 present. Coxa coriaceous and strongly punctate. Propodeum Figure 3. Misetus obscurus Berthoumieu, 1897, female, habitus. Scale bar 1 mm. 22 Di Giovanni F et al
coriaceous, irregularly wrinkled, with propodeal carinae weakly marked, area superomedia slightly longer than wide; metapleuron smooth in the antero-dorsal half, with few scattered punctures, coriaceous and with irregular wrinkles on posteroventral half. Metasoma covered with fine, short and sparse pubescence. Tergite I with dorsal longitudinal carinae weak, postpetiole strigose-punctate. Metasomal tergite II with thyridia weakly marked, slightly granulate basally, before thyridia, then slightly coriaceous medially and polished laterally and apically, with very few scattered punctures. Remaining metasomal tergites polished and without punctures; metasomal tergite V emarginate apically. Ovipositor short and upcurved. Colour. Head black; antenna brownish-black with white markings on flagellomeres 5-9, scape and pedicel ventrally reddish; mandible, except for reddish teeth, yellowish-red; palps yellow. Mesosoma black; hind corner of pronotum, subtegular ridge, tegula and scutellum yellowish. Pterostigma yellowish-brown. Fore and midcoxae and all trochanters yellow; fore and mid-femora and tibiae red; hind coxa black with yellow apex; trochanters yellow; hind femur black; hind tibia and tarsi reddish, tibia infuscate on apical third. Metasoma reddish-yellow; tergite I black, slightly reddish basally and apically; metasomal tergites II-III with a brownish median band. Ovipositor sheath red. Male (Fig. 4). As female, except for: antenna with 29-31 flagellomeres, tyloids on flagellar segments 7-15. Metasomal tergite II with thyridia more distinct, tergite roughly granulate basally, before thyridia, then slightly coriaceous medially and subpolished laterally and apically, with very few scattered punctures. In colour, similar to the female, except for mandible and scape brownish-black, scutellum black, hind trochanter black basally, yellow apically, hind tibia and tarsi darker, metasoma black with thyridia on metasomal tergite II and apical margin on tergites II-VI reddish. Figure 4. Misetus obscurus Berthoumieu, 1897, male, habitus. Scale bar 1 mm. Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 23
Distribution:Belgium, France (incl. Corsica), Romania, Sweden (but see Notes). This is the first record of the species for Italy. Notes:According to Berthoumieu (1897), it is a colour form of Misetus oculatus Wesmael, 1845, characterszed by scape brown to black, thorax entirely black, hind coxae and sometimes also fore coxae black, hind legs and abdomen black, the latter with reddish margins on metasomal segments II–III. This form was later reported from Romania by Constantineanu (1965) and from Corsica by Aubert (1969); Constantineanu also cited it from France, Germany, Sweden and Lapland, repeating Berthoumieu's account, although the latter did not differentiate between the distribution of the two forms. Compared to the original description (Berthoumieu 1897 ), Aubert (1969) reports the scutellum as red and the hind legs as black, except for the yellow trochanters. In the specimens attributed to this form by Constantineanu (1965), the scutellum and postscutellum are black, whereas the hind femora are sometimes reddish-brown. According to Diller and Horstmann (1994), the obscurus form corresponds to var. 1 reported by Wesmael (1845) for Belgium and in Holmgren (1890) for Sweden. In the key to females of the Palaearctic species of the genus Misetus (Di Giovanni et al. 2018), the female of M. obscurus runs to the couplet 2, resembling M. borealis Kusigemati, 1974 and M. nordicator Selfa, 1995 in having a distinctly concave metasomal tergite V (Kusigemati 1974, Selfa and Diller 1995). However, it can be distinguished from both species by the number of flagellomeres (30), the occipital carina meeting the hypostomal carina at the base of the mandibles and the strigosepunctate postpetiole. Compared to the Mediterranean species (Figs 5, 6), M. obscurus exhibits a moderately pronounced median tooth on the clypeus (much more prominent in M. oculatus, barely visible in M. strumiai Di Giovanni, Scaramozzino & Diller, 2018), a distinctive microsculpture of postpetiole and metasomal tergite II, a yellowish scutellum (black in M. hispanator Selfa, 1995, red in M. strumiai) and a typically brownish-black hind coxa and femora (Selfa and Diller 1995, Di Giovanni et al. 2018). Figure 5. Misetus spp., females, face: a) M. obscurus Berthoumieu, 1897; b) M. oculatus Wesmael, 1845; c) M. strumiai Di Giovanni, Scaramozzino & Diller 2018. 24 Di Giovanni F et al
Males are more difficult to distinguish and resemble M. strumiai males in colouration; they differ, however, by a more pronounced median tooth on the clypeus, antennae with a higher number of flagellomeres and tyloids (29-31 flagellomeres in M. obscurus vs. 24-25 in M. strumiai), less marked punctation on face, clypeus and metasomal tergite II and by the colouration of scutellum (black in males of M. obscurus and red in M. strumiai) (Di Giovanni et al. 2020) (Figs 7, 8). Taxonomic identification was further supported by partial COX1 sequencing (GenBank accession PX272273). The closest matches in both the BOLD Systems v5 species identification and NCBI BLASTn search corresponded to M. oculatus (BOLD: GMFIE519-12; GenBank: MZ607881), with a p-distance of 5.41–5.84% (Table 1), indicating that the specimen cannot be confidently assigned to M. oculatus. Figure 6. Misetus spp., females, metasomal tergites II: a) M. obscurus Berthoumieu, 1897; b) M. oculatus Wesmael, 1845; c) M. strumiai Di Giovanni, Scaramozzino & Diller 2018. Figure 7. Misetus spp., males, face: a) M. obscurus Berthoumieu, 1897; b) M. oculatus Wesmael, 1845; c) M. strumiai Di Giovanni, Scaramozzino & Diller 2018. Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 25
Genus Hypsicera Latreille, 1829 Hypsicera britannica Tolkanitz, 2011 Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 1560F494ED94-52BA-BB29-CA86765D529F Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy (Scaramozzino 1995). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Family Ophioninae Shuckard, 1840 Genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 Enicospilus inflexus (Ratzeburg, 1844) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 87305CE9E143-50EB-94DE-04C7575CB9D2 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North, South Italy and Sicily (Scaramozzino 1995). Enicospilus marocator Aubert, 1982 Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 21/08/2023; year: 2023; month: 8; day: 21; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni & N. Johansson; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 01AF9D25-CB92-52B1-B7A3-AC11FD4676ED Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic). 32 Di Giovanni F et al
Notes:Species known from Morocco and Spain (Aubert 1982, Izquierdo 1982 , Izquierdo 1984). This is the first record of the species for Italy (Fig. 12). Genus Ophion Fabricius, 1798 Ophion castilloae Johansson, 2021 Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni & N. Johansson; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 1D2F8FFE-869C-5744-B248-24A4E9B36E4E Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic) (Johansson 2021). Notes:Species described from Andorra, Croatia, Greece, Portugal and Spain (Johansson 2021). This is the first record of the species for Italy (Fig. 13). Figure 12. Enicospilus marocator Aubert, 1986, female, habitus. Scale bar 1 mm. Figure 13. Ophion castilloae Johansson, 2021, female, habitus. Scale bar 1 mm. Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 33
Ophion longigena Thomson, 1888 Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 90874DBC-2231-55EE-87D8-09626A94B689 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy and Sardinia (Scaramozzino 1995). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Ophion mediterraneus Johansson, 2021 Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni & N. Johansson; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 8C7B1570-EED4-5108-B3EC-C59B257E2AB0 Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic) (Johansson 2021). Notes:Species described from Andorra, Morocco and Spain (Johansson 2021). This is the first record of the species for Italy (Fig. 14). Figure 14. Ophion mediterraneus Johansson, 2021, male, habitus. Scale bar 1 mm. 34 Di Giovanni F et al
Ophion mocsaryi Brauns, 1889 Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 4151044D-59C4-55CA-83FB-63E35E5AAAC9 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North, South Italy and Sardinia (Scaramozzino 1995). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Subfamily Orthocentrinae Förster, 1869 Genus Helictes Haliday, 1837 Helictes borealis (Holmgren, 1857) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: EC36F746A938-58E3-8D9E-BA9DA4561FAA Distribution:Nearctic; Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy (Scaramozzino 1995). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Helictes meridionator Aubert, 1961 Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: O. Varga; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: B899AF4C-368E-5B18-ABCC-C6FA428B44CD b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 0936ACCD-63D1-582D-8E15-A09699256CB3 Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 35
c. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 09/07/2023; year: 2023; month: 7; day: 9; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: O. Varga; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: CB2B8DD9-7317-545D-B97F-D6C96E81DC82 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for France (incl. Corsica), Kazakhstan and Russia ( Aubert 1961, Aubert 1963, Humala 2007). This is the first record of the species for Italy (Fig. 15). Genus Orthocentrus Gravenhorst, 182 Orthocentrus asper (Gravenhorst, 1829) Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: O. Varga; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 8E5F6D11BAE7-58AE-B3BB-B841B0689197 b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 1; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: O. Varga; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: FFE80D11-25D7-5DB1-B5E4-F30277B23851 Distribution:Nearctic; Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Figure 15. Helictes meridionator Aubert, 1961, male, habitus. Scale bar 1 mm. 36 Di Giovanni F et al
Notes:Species recorded for North Italy (Scaramozzino 1995). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Orthocentrus fulvipes Gravenhorst, 1829 Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/06/2023; year: 2023; month: 6; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: O. Varga; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 709DB177-2EC4-504B-B63C-D2B1EC248240 Distribution:Indomalayan; Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North and South Italy (Scaramozzino 1995; misidentified as O. strigatus Holmgren, 1858 in Corcos et al. (2017) and Di Giovanni and Scaramozzino (2019)). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Orthocentrus protervus Holmgren, 1858 Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 2; sex: 1 female, 1 male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: O. Varga; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 07EED37A-F953-5F16-919C-3857114A3020 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:This is the first record of the species for Italy (Figs 16, 17). Figure 16. Orthocentrus protervus Holmgren, 1858, female, habitus. Scale bar 0.5 mm. Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 37
Subfamily Oxytorinae Thomson, 1883 Genus Oxytorus Förster, 1869 Oxytorus armatus Thomson, 1883 Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 2; sex: males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 26FAACD8-3A66-5817-B911-888228B31BC9 b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/06/2023; year: 2023; month: 6; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 912668FAA7B9-5B25-94DB-1EC7B023ABA7 Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded from North and South Italy (Scaramozzino 1995, Corcos et al. 2017). This is the first record of the subfamily Oxytorinae and the species for Sicily. Oxytorus luridator (Gravenhorst, 1820) Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 4; sex: 2 female, 2 males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; Figure 17. Orthocentrus protervus Holmgren, 1858, male, habitus. Scale bar 0.5 mm. 38 Di Giovanni F et al
identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 617621A6-E699-5CB3-AAE6-0C461618AD34 b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 24; sex: 1 females, 23 males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: DD37A48C-6491-5EBB-828F-A0D328756BDE c. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/06/2023; year: 2023; month: 6; day: 17; individualCount: 2; sex: males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 6A3109F1-070A-55BA-BB12-370BE9ECC459 Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North and South Italy (Scaramozzino 1995, Pagliano 2009). This is the first record of the subfamily Oxytorinae and the species for Sicily. Subfamily Phygadeuontinae Förster, 1869 Genus Bathythrix Förster, 1869 Bathythrix lamina (Thomson, 1884) Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 2; individualCount: 2; sex: females; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 30BD1F35-547C-56BA-B298-A053DFDF2886 b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 12/08/2023; year: 2023; month: 8; day: 12; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 43C9FB59E4C9-58A9-A2F4-9B4659F0C31A Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy (Scaramozzino 1995). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 39
Genus Dichrogaster Doumerc, 1855 Dichrogaster aestivalis (Gravenhorst, 1829) Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 04; day: 27; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: A749CC6C-8982-5A5E-955B-D96DEDAECDA0 b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 05; day: 17; individualCount: 2; sex: males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 5C96B853-605C-5FC9-B0A6-598A04A0DB8A c. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/06/2023; year: 2023; month: 06; day: 17; individualCount: 2; sex: males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 5AC367DCB76C-54C2-92B3-6A1BA6ED05F9 d. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 12/08/2023; year: 2023; month: 08; day: 09; individualCount: 3; sex: males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 0BC9C135-3EF5-5F1F-93E8-DF66D24A9AA5 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species present throughout Italy, including the major islands (Scaramozzino 1995, Generani et al. 2000). Genus Isadelphus Förster, 1869 Isadelphus armatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: A4D33AD3-555E-501C-8800-81E1F04B5DBC b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 4; sex: males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: FFCCADF8C67D-50B9-9F63-5911E0ACA356 40 Di Giovanni F et al
c. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/06/2023; year: 2023; month: 6; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 05E45CD6-912E-54D2-8962-133FAC0E3EB5 Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North Italy (Scaramozzino 1995). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Genus Platyrhabdus Townes, 1970 Platyrhabdus inflatus (Thomson, 1884) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: F59F4C5D-7AA1-55D9-B1FF-D5188F41ECA2 Distribution:Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic). Notes:This is the first record of the species for Italy (Fig. 18). Figure 18. Platyrhabdus inflatus (Thomson, 1884), female, habitus. Scale bar 1 mm. Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 41
Subfamily Tryphoninae Shuckard, 1840 Tribe Oedemopsini Woldstedt, 1877 Genus Thymaris Förster, 1869 Thymaris niger (Taschenberg, 1865) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/06/2023; year: 2023; month: 6; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni & G. Broad; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: F47EEB85-9C0D-5007-B0C4-10B314F3EFEB Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North and South Italy (Scaramozzino 1995). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Tribe " Exenterini" Förster, 1869 Genus Acrotomus Holmgren, 1857 Acrotomus lucidulus (Gravenhorst, 1829) Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 2; sex: males; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 8F3EE31EAA27-596C-B7A0-2BB6328847CC b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: F25684B5-471B-54A2-A77A-CEE747241430 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North and South Italy (Scaramozzino 1995, Pagliano 2009). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. 48 Di Giovanni F et al
Genus Cycasis Townes, 1965 Cycasis rubiginosa (Gravenhorst, 1829) Materials a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 1; sex: male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 758B23B5-61A8-5EE9-847C-3134278CBC59 b. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 05/05/2023; year: 2023; month: 5; day: 5; individualCount: 1; sex: female; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 9A005770-3337-5AFF-AA78-87B41C2E5F23 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species originally described from South Italy (Tuscany) (Gravenhorst 1829), recorded also from North Italy (Scaramozzino 1995). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Tribe Tryphonini Shuckard, 1840 Genus Ctenochira Förster, 1855 Ctenochira genalis (Thomson, 1883) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 27/04/2023; year: 2023; month: 4; day: 27; individualCount: 2; sex: 1 female, 1 male; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: EB217F8B-10F4-5AC4-9E85-E01DC80BFF04 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic). Notes:Species recorded for North and South Italy (Di Giovanni and Reshchikov 2016). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 49
Subfamily Xoridinae Shuckard, 1840 Genus Xorides Latreille, 1809 Xorides praecatorius (Fabricius, 1793) Material a. country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Sicily; municipality: Sortino, Siracusa; locality: Riserva Naturale di Pantalica; eventDate: 17/06/2023; year: 2023; month: 6; day: 17; individualCount: 1; sex: femal; recordedBy: S. Cantone, A. Di Giulio; identifiedBy: F. Di Giovanni; dateIdentified: 2025; institutionCode: FDGC; occurrenceID: 5FF39678A7A7-5F04-9C9E-6C8E3BFA3862 Distribution:Palaearctic (Eastern Palaearctic; Western Palaearctic) Notes:Species recorded for North and South Italy (Scaramozzino 1995). This is the first record of the species for Sicily. Discussion Based on the data from the previous checklist of Ichneumonidae (Scaramozzino 1995), Sicily appears to be one of the Italian regions with the highest diversity, ranking after northern regions, such as Piedmont, Trentino-Alto Adige and Emilia-Romagna (Di Giovanni & Dal Pos, unpublished data). This is partly a result of the checklist of the Italian fauna treating Sicily and Sardinia as distinct biogeographic units (Minelli et al. 1995). However, this paper reveals that significant gaps remain in our understanding of the distribution of these insects on the island. Most of the available data originate from very old and outdated sources, such as De Stefani (1895) and for some subfamilies — for example, Ctenopelmatinae, Mesochorinae, Orthocentrinae — the data included in the 1995 checklist are essentially absent. Conversely, the groups for which information is more complete are those that have received renewed attention in recent years, such as Diplazontinae, Ichneumoninae and Pimplinae (Turrisi et al. 2007, Riedel and Turrisi 2013 , Zwakhals and Turrisi 2014). These findings highlight how significantly the true diversity of this group of parasitoid Hymenoptera in Italy remains underestimated and underscore the need to fill current gaps in faunistic knowledge of several animal taxa in the country, particularly those with a Mediterranean-centred distribution. Acknowledgements The first author is deeply indebted to the following people for their assistance in the identification of specimens included in this study: Dr. Gavin Broad (Natural History 50 Di Giovanni F et al
Museum London, UK), Dr. Niklas Johansson (Habo, Sweden), Dr. Alexey Reshchikov (University of Hong Kong, China), Dr. Matthias Riedel (Bad Fallingbostel, Germany) and Dr. Zoltan Vas (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary). We would like to thank the Dr. Giancarlo Perrotta, Director of the Department of Rural and Territorial Development, Service 16 Sr operational unit 3: Management of natural resources of the Sicilian government, for granting us permission to carry out sampling and staff assistance in the Nature Reserve of Pantalica, Sicily, Italy. Maurizio Blancato (member of the staff of the Nature Reserve) is also kindly acknowledged for his invaluable support in the field samplings and logistics and Lorenzo Fortini and Tommaso Fusco for the support during samplings. The Simeto Biological Station (CT, Sicily) is acknowleged for the logistics during samplings. The authors acknowledge the support of NBFC to University of Roma Tre, Department of Science: project funded under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4 - Call for tender No. 3138 of 16 December 2021, rectified by Decree n.3175 of 18 December 2021 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU;Award Number: Project code CN_00000033, Concession Decree No. 1034 of 17 June 2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, CUP F83C22000730006, Project title “National Biodiversity Future Center - NBFC”. References • Aubert JF (1961) Les Ichneumonides de Corse (Hym). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 130: 159‑188. https://doi.org/10.1080/21686351.1961.12279143 • Aubert JF (1963) Les Ichneumonides du rivage méditerranéen français (Hym.). 6e serie: Pimplinae, Banchinae, Tryphoninae, Scolobatinae, Orthocentrinae, Diplazoninae, Metopiinae, Microleptinae de l'Hérault et des Bouches-du-Rhône. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 68: 91‑100. https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1963.20700 • Aubert JF (1969) Deuxième travail sur les Ichneumonides de Corse (Hymenoptera). Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung (München) 13: 27‑70. URL: https:// www.zobodat.at/pdf/VeroeffZSM_013_0027-0070.pdf • Aubert JF (1982) Nouvelle série d'Ichneumonides inédites. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse 38: 33‑40. • Badano D, Funari R, Di Giovanni F (2024) First record of the antlion Solter liber Navás, 1912 in Italy (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 12. https://doi.org/ 10.3897/bdj.12.e132510 • Berthoumieu V (1897) Ichneumonides d'Europe et des pays limitrophes. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 65: 285‑418. URL: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ page/8312957#page/297/mode/1up • Constantineanu MI (1965) Familia Ichneumonidae, subfamiliile Phaeogeninae si Alomyinae. [Family Ichneumonidae, subfamilies Phaeogeninae and Alomyinae]. Fauna Republicii Populare Române, 9. Academiei Republicii Populare Române, Bucureşti, 508 pp. Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Nature Reserve of Pantalica ... 51
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