INGLIZ TILIDA MAJBURIYAT VA ZARURIYATNI IFODALOVCHI MODAL FE'LLAR: SEMANTIK TAHLIL VA PRAGMATIK QO'LLANISH

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGY AND LINGUISTICS Volume 02, Issue 11, 2025 122 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGY AND LINGUISTICS universalconference.us INGLIZ TILIDA MAJBURIYAT VA ZARURIYATNI IFODALOVCHI MODAL FE'LLAR: SEMANTIK TAHLIL VA PRAGMATIK QO‘LLANISH University of economics and pedagogy NOTM Xorijiy tillar kafedrasi v.b.dotsenti Nishonov Ismoiljon va Xorijiy tillar kafedrasi oʻqituvchisi Abduxalimov Abdulaziz Abdumutal o‘g‘li Annotatsiya (Abstract) O‘zbek Tili: Ushbu ilmiy maqola ingliz tilida majburiyat va zaruriyatni ifodalovchi asosiy modal fe'llar (must, have to, should, need to) ning semantik tahliliga bag'ishlangan. Tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi bu fe'llarning grammatik qo'llanishidan tashqari, ularning pragmatik yuklamasini va semantik farqlarini aniqlashdan iborat. Xususan, must va have to o‘rtasidagi farqlar chuqur tahlil qilinib, mustning majburiyat manbasi ichki (so'zlovchi hukmi) ekanligi, have to esa tashqi (qonunlar, sharoitlar) majburiyatni ifodalashi ko'rsatilgan. Shuningdek, inkor shakllaridagi keskin farqlar (mustn't – taqiq, don't have to – zaruriyat yo‘qligi) batafsil yoritilgan. Maqola modal fe'llar tizimining murakkabligini ochib berish orqali til o'qitish metodikasi uchun amaliy tavsiyalar beradi. English: This scholarly article is dedicated to the semantic analysis of the core modal verbs expressing obligation and necessity in the English language, primarily focusing on must, have to, should, and need to. The central objective of this research is to identify the pragmatic implications and subtle semantic distinctions among these verbs beyond their purely grammatical function. A key focus is the detailed differentiation between must and have to: must signals an internal (speaker-imposed) source of obligation, while have to denotes an external (laws, circumstances) necessity. Furthermore, the striking semantic contrast in their negative forms (mustn't – prohibition, don't have to – lack of necessity) is thoroughly explored. By elucidating the complexity of the modal verb system, the article provides practical recommendations for language teaching methodologies. Kalit So‘zlar: Modal fe'llar, Majburiyat, Zaruriyat, Semantik tahlil, Pragmatika, Deontik modalitet, Ichki majburiyat, Tashqi majburiyat. KIRISH 1.1. Mavzuning dolzarbligi INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGY AND LINGUISTICS Volume 02, Issue 11, 2025 123 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGY AND LINGUISTICS universalconference.us Ingliz tilida modal fe'llarning o'rni va ularning ifoda etish imkoniyatlarining boyligi (masalan, must, have to, should, ought to, need to) tilning semantik chuqurligini ta'minlaydi. Modal fe'llar so'zlovchining voqelikka, ehtimollikka, majburiyatga yoki zaruriyatga bo'lgan munosabatini ifodalovchi muhim vositadir. 1.2. Tadqiqot maqsadi Majburiyat va zaruriyatni ifodalovchi asosiy modal fe'llarning semantik farqlarini, turli uslubiy registrlarda (rasmiy, norasmiy) qo'llanishini va pragmatik yukini (sub'yektivlik darajasini) tahlil qilish. 1.3. Ilmiy yangilik Majburiyat modal fe'llarining deontik (burch, qonun) va epistemik (xulosa, taxmin) ma'nolarining o'zaro farqini, ayniqsa must va have to misolida, chuqur taqqoslash. 2. Majburiyat va Zaruriyatni Ifodalovchi Modal Fe'llarning Nazariy Asoslari 2.1. Modalitet Kategoriyasi Modalitet nutq so‘zlovchining voqelikka bo'lgan munosabatini ifodalaydi. Deontik modalitet majburiyat, ruxsat va taqiq bilan bog'liq bo'lsa, Epistemik modalitet ehtimollik va ishonchni ifodalaydi. 2.2. Asosiy Fe'llar Guruhining Tasnifi “Qattiq” majburiyatni ifodalovchilar: Must va Have to. “Yumshoq” majburiyat va maslahatni ifodalovchilar: Should va Ought to. Zaruriyatni ifodalovchilar: Need (to). 3. Must va Have to O‘rtasidagi Semantik Farqlar Must va Have to yuqori darajadagi majburiyatni ifodalasa-da, ularning asosiy farqi majburiyatning manbasida yotadi. 3.1. Majburiyatning Manbasi (Source of Obligation) Must: Ichki (Internal) yoki Sub'yektiv Majburiyat Majburiyat so'zlovchining o'zi tomonidan qo'yiladi. Bu shaxsiy majburiyat, kuchli histuyg'u yoki so'zlovchi tomonidan berilgan buyruqdir. Misol: "I must call my mother; I promised her." (Shaxsiy majburiyat). Have to: Tashqi (External) yoki Ob’yektiv Majburiyat Majburiyat tashqi omillar (qonunlar, qoidalar, vaziyatlar) tomonidan yuklanadi. So'zlovchi bu majburiyatga bo'ysunadi. Misol: “We have to wear uniforms at school.” (Tashqi qoida/talab). Xususiyat Must Have to Majburiyat manbasi So'zlovchining o'zi (ichki his/buyruq) Tashqi sharoit, qonun, qoida Xarakteri Sub'yektiv, shaxsiy O’yektiv, faktik INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGY AND LINGUISTICS Volume 02, Issue 11, 2025 124 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGY AND LINGUISTICS universalconference.us 3.2. Zamonda Qo'llanishi (Tense Usage) Must asosan hozirgi va kelasi zamon uchun qo'llaniladi va o'tgan zamon shakliga ega emas. Have to esa barcha zamonlarda (had to, will have to) qo'llaniladi. O‘tgan Zamon: I had to leave early yesterday. 3.3. Inkor Shakllarining Keskin Semantik Farqi Mustn't (Taqiq/Prohibition): Qilmaslik majburiyatini, ya'ni qat'iy taqiqni bildiradi. Misol: “You mustn't smoke here.” Don't have to (Zaruriyat yo'qligi/Lack of Necessity): Majburiyat yo'qligini, ya'ni kerak emasligini bildiradi. Misol: “You don't have to come to the meeting.” 4. Boshqa Modal Fe'llarning Tahlili 4.1. Should va Ought to: Maslahat va Axloqiy Burch Bu fe'llar must va have to ga nisbatan ancha yumshoq majburiyat, maslahat yoki optimal harakatni ifodalaydi. Ought to ko'pincha axloqiy burchni ifodalashda rasmiyroq qo'llaniladi. Misol: “You should study harder.” (Tavsiya). 4.2. Need (to): Ehtiyoj va Zaruriyat Need to asosiy fe'l sifatida ishlatiladi. Modal fe'l sifatida u asosan inkor shaklda (Needn't) zaruriyat yo'qligini bildiradi. Misol: “You needn't worry about the tickets.” (Keragi yo‘q). 5. Xulosa va Takliflar 5.1. Xulosa Majburiyat modal fe'llarining tanlovi nafaqat grammatik to'g'rilikni, balki so'zlovchining majburiyat manbasiga (ichki/tashqi) va majburiyat kuchiga bo'lgan munosabatini ham ifodalaydi. Must va have to ni ajratish tilni samarali o'rganishda hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega. 5.2. Til o‘rgatish metodikasi uchun takliflar Ushbu fe'llarni o'qitishda ularning grammatik qoidalari bilan birga, kontekstual va pragmatik jihatdan farqlarini tushuntirish, xususan, inkor shakllarining semantik yuklamasini ajratib ko'rsatish zarur. FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI 1. Satvoldieva U. Comparative typological analysis of semantic-structural features of conditional inclination in different systematic languages // Проблемы современной науки и образования №7. – Tashkent, 2020, – P. 21-23. 2. Usmonova D. Nomination-motivation basis of names in English and Uzbek //In international conference: problems and scientific solutions Volume 1. – Tashkent, 2022, – P. 31-34. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGY AND LINGUISTICS Volume 02, Issue 11, 2025 125 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGY AND LINGUISTICS universalconference.us 3.Yakubov J. Semantic features of logic and linguistic representation of the modality category. – Toshkent: Science, 2000, P. 62-68. 4. Abduxalimov Abdulaziz Abdumutal o‘g‘li. Uzbek alternatives to modal verbs in english //Ethiopian International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Volume 11 – 2024, – P. 386-390