Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part II

SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS THE MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Biology of Bats of the New World Family Phyllostomatidae. Part II Edited by Robert J. Baker, J. Knox Jones, Jr., and Dillord C. Carter June 1977 f No. 13 ｾｉｉｈ｜｜ｬｉｬ｜ｬ｜ｬｬｬ｜ｬ｜｜ｬｉｴｬｬ 1111111111111111/11 UIIl/lUlllolllIllllI1 ＱＱＱｾＢ .. \1.",".11/11\1111111\111111." . 11111111\11111111111111111111111111" 111/11111 1 11 1 '" 1 \1\11\\11 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIC/'" IfrrllllllJIIlIllIlIllIlllI \11 11111111I1I1\1.IIIfI.oI UlI/lllI ,. \11111" 1111 ,. I •• \h" .• Ifllldh II I 111/1111 1111 I' ,I III IIII' ••• ,"IlII/l lll '", I/lil Robert D. Bradley SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS THE MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Biology of Bats of the New World Family Pllyllostomatidae. Part II Edited by Robert J. Baker, J. Knox Jones, Jr., and Dilford C. Carter No. 13 June 1977 TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Cecil Mackey, President Glenn E. Barnett, Executive Vice President Regents.-Judson F. WiJliams (Chairman), J. Fred Bucy, Jr., Bill E. Collins, Clint Formby, John J. Hinchey, A. J. Kemp, Jr., Robert L. Pfluger, Charles G. Scruggs, and Don R. Workman. Academic Publications Policy Committee.-J. Knox Jones, Jr. (Chairman), Dilford C. Carter (Executive Director and Managing Editor), C. Leonard Ainsworth, Harold E. Dregne, Charles S. Hardwick, Richard W. Hemingway, Ray C. Janeway, S. M. Kennedy, Thomas A. Langford, George F. Meenaghan, Marion C. Michael, Grover E. Murray, Robert L. Packard, James V. Reese, Charles W. Sargent, and Henry A. Wright. The lViuseum Special Publications No. 13 364 pp. 17Junel977 $16.00 Special Publications of The Museum are numbered separately and published on an irregular basis under the auspices of the Dean of the Graduate School and Director of Academic Publications, and in cooperation with the International Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Land Studies. Copies may be obtained on an exchange basis from, or purchased through, the Exchange Librarian, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409. Texas Tech Press, Lubbock, Texas 1977 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 ENDOPARASITES 7 John E. Ubelaker, Robert D. Specian, and Donald W. Duszynski, Department of Biology, Southern Methodist University; Department of Biology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75222; Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131. ECTOPARASI TES 57 James P. Webb, Jr., and Richard B. Loomis, Department of Biology, California State University, Long Beach, 90840. ORAL BIOLOGY ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 121 Carleton J. Phillips, Gary W. Grimes, and G. Lawrence Forman, Department of Biology, Hofstra University; Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11550; Department of Biology, Rockford College, Rockford, Illinois 61101. ECHOLOCATION AND COMMUNICATION 247 Edwin Gould, School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205. THERMOREGULATION 281 John J. McManus, Department of Biology, Farleigh Dickinson University, Madison, New Jersey 07940. FEEDING HABITS 293 Alfred L. Gardner, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fish and Wildlife Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560. MOVEMENTS AND BEHAVIOR 351 M. Brock Fenton and Thomas H. Kunz, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada K1S 5B6 and Department of Mammalogy, Royal Ontario Museum; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215. INTRODUCTION Because of their adaptive diversity and, in many instances, unique morphological attributes, bats of the family Phyllostomatidae long have fascinated biologists. Known only fronl the New World, most genera of phyllostomatids are limited distributionally to tropical environments, but some representatives occur as far north as the southwestern United States and others southward to the northern parts of Argentina and Chile; some species also are distributed on the Bahamas and islands of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. With the advent in recent years of improved methods of collecting bats, atremendous wealth of information on phyllostomatids has been gathered, and it is the purpose of this publication, which ultimately will contain more than 20 individual chapters, to bring these data together in order to assess what now is known about the family and to provide adeparture point for further studies. Owing to the large number of contributions, all of which were solicited by us from persons we felt to be knowledgeable of the subject matter, and the fact that several contributions are necessarily lengthy, the decision was made to group chapters into three parts, each separately numbered as aSpecial Publication of The Museum at Texas Tech University. In order to establish aworkable approach by which reference could be made consistently to taxa throughout the series, an annotated checklist by 10nes and Carter (published in the first part of the series) was circulated to all authors. Each was asked to follow the nomenclature and systematic arrangement in the checklist or, alternatively, to document departures therefrom. This system, it is hoped, will allow readers to relate informationIfrom one chapter to another and one part to the next without the handicap of conflicting names for the same organism. Manuscripts first were solicited from contributors in 1973. Most had been received by the end of 1974, and Part I of the series was published in 1976. As editorial work progressed, some authors provided up-dated information and all authors of chapters in Part II had the opportunity to insert limited materials at the time they received galley proofs early in 1977. Therefore, content is as current as reasonably could be anticipated for aproject of this kind. Organization and editorial style follow that established for the Special Publications of The Museum at Texas Tech University. Otherwise, authors were allowed broad latitude concerning material to be included in their chapters. Accordingly, and for obvious other reasons, some chapters overlap others in content. Even though some redundacy has resulted, we thought it best to have asection on the cited literature with each contribution. Citations to manuscripts in Part II and those scheduled for Part III of this collected series are carried in text as "this volume." For the convenience of readers who may not have seen Part I of the series (Spec. Publ. Mus., Texas Tech Univ., 10:1-218, 1976), the titles, authors, and pagination of its contents are as follows: Introduction (Baker, 10nes, and Carter), p. 5; Annotated checklist, with keys to subfamilies and genera (10nes and Carter), 5