SOEP-Core v33.1 - BIOIMMIG: Generated variables for foreign nationals, immigrants, and their descendants in the SOEP

Schacht, Diana; Hammer, Luisa Research Report SOEP-Core v33.1 - BIOIMMIG: Generated variables for foreign nationals, immigrants, and their descendants in the SOEP SOEP Survey Papers, No. 576 Provided in Cooperation with: German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) Suggested Citation: Schacht, Diana; Hammer, Luisa (2018) : SOEP-Core v33.1 - BIOIMMIG: Generated variables for foreign nationals, immigrants, and their descendants in the SOEP, SOEP Survey Papers, No. 576, Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW), Berlin This Version is available at: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/183596 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. 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If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ SOEP Survey Papers Series D – Variable Descriptions and Coding SOEP-Core v33.1 – BIOIMMIG: Generated variables for foreign nationals, immigrants, and their descendants in the SOEP 576 SOEP — The German Socio-Economic Panel study at DIW Berlin 2018 Diana Schacht, Luisa Hammer, and SOEP Group Running since 1984, the German Socio-Economic Panel study (SOEP) is a wide-ranging representative longitudinal study of private households, located at the German Institute for Economic Research, DIW Berlin. The aim of the SOEP Survey Papers Series is to thoroughly document the survey’s data collection and data processing. The SOEP Survey Papers is comprised of the following series: Series A – Survey Instruments (Erhebungsinstrumente) Series B – Survey Reports (Methodenberichte) Series C – Data Documentation (Datendokumentationen) Series D – Variable Descriptions and Coding Series E – SOEPmonitors Series F – SOEP Newsletters Series G – General Issues and Teaching Materials The SOEP Survey Papers are available at http://www.diw.de/soepsurveypapers Editors: Dr. Jan Goebel, DIW Berlin Prof. Dr. Stefan Liebig, DIW Berlin and Universität Bielefeld Dr. David Richter, DIW Berlin Prof. Dr. Carsten Schröder, DIW Berlin and Freie Universität Berlin Prof. Dr. Jürgen Schupp, DIW Berlin and Freie Universität Berlin Please cite this paper as follows: Diana Schacht, Luisa Hammer, and SOEP Group. 2018. SOEP-Core v33.1 – BIOIMMIG: Generated variables for foreign nationals, immigrants, and their descendants in the SOEP. SOEP Survey Papers 576: Series D. Berlin: DIW/SOEP This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. © 2018 by SOEP ISSN: 2193-5580 (online) DIW Berlin German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) Mohrenstr. 58 10117 Berlin Germany [email protected] SOEP-Core v33.1 – BIOIMMIG: Generated variables for foreign nationals, immigrants, and their descendants in the SOEP Diana Schacht, Luisa Hammer, and SOEP Group 1 BIOIMMIG: Generated variables for foreign nationals, immigrants, and their descendants in the SOEP By Diana Schacht and Luisa Hammer 1 Introduction The variables contained in BIOIMMIG deal with questions related to the situation of immigrants and their descendants in Germany. These questions concern, for example, their reasons for immigrating to Germany, their living conditions upon arrival, their plans to return to the country of origin, and whether they have relatives in the country of origin. A complete list of the BIOIMMIG variables is shown in Table 1 with the respective German and English variable labels. The dataset originally contained information collected with the biography questionnaire in wave M (1996)1 and its later versions. In 2014 (BE), it was expanded by the new variable BIREASON.2 Table 1: List of the variables in the BIOIMMIG dataset Variable name Variable label German English PERSNR Personennummer Person Number HHNR Ursprüngliche HH-Nummer Original HH Number HHNRAKT Aktuelle HH-Nummer für SYEAR Current HH Number for SYEAR SYEAR Jahr/Erhebungsjahr Current Year / Year Surveyed BIIMGRP BI: Zuwanderungsgruppe bei Einwanderung nach Dt. BI: Immigration Group at Arrival in Germany BIRESPER BI: Status Aufenthaltserlaubnis BI: Residency Status BICAMP BI: Übergangsunterkunft: J/N BI: Transitional Accommodation: Y/N BICAMPW BI: Übergangsunterkunft: Wochen BI: Transitional Accommodation: Weeks BICAMPM BI: Übergangsunterkunft: Monate BI: Transitional Accommodation: Months BIWFAM BI: Bereits Familie in Dt. BI: Family M embers in Germany BIFAMC BI: Vor Einreise Kontakte mit Personen in Dt. BI: Contact with Family/Friends in Germany BIFAMCL BI: Zuzug in Wohnort der Bekannten BI: Moved to Same Area as Family/Friends BIREASON BI: Hauptgrund Zuzug BI: Main Reason for Migration BIRBETR BI: Gründe Zuzug: Besser BI: Reason for Migration: Better BIRMONEY BI: Gründe Zuzug: Geld BI: Reason for Migration: Money BIRFREE BI: Gründe Zuzug: Freiheit BI: Reason for Migration: Freedom BIRFAM BI: Gründe Zuzug : Familie BI: Reason for Migration : Family BIRPOOR BI: Gründe Zuzug: Armut BI: Reason for Migration: Poverty BIRWAR BI: Gründe Zuzug: Krieg BI: Reason for Migration: War BIRJUST BI: Gründe Zuzug: Einfach So BI: Reason for Migration: Just Because BIROTHR BI: Gründe Zuzug: Sonstiges BI: Reason for Migration: Other BIEXPR BI: Erwartungen an Dt. BI: Expectations of Germany BIEXPRLV BI: Erwartungen: Wohnung finden BI: Expectations: Find Dwelling BIEXPRAC BI: Erwartungen: Von Arbeitskollegen akzeptiert BI: Expectations: Accep tance by Coworkers BIEXPRAN BI: Erwartungen: Von Nachbarn akzeptiert BI: Expectations: Acceptance by Neighbors 1 The original biography questionnaire can be found in SOEP Survey Paper 93 - Erhebungsinstrumente 1996 (Welle 13/West und Welle 7/Ost und Zuwanderer) des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels under http://www.diw.de/de/diw_02.c.222729.de/instrumente_feldarbeit.html. 2The English translation of the questions is taken from the English biography questionnaire in wave R (2001) (https://www.diw.de/documents/dokumentenarchiv/17/diw_01.c.494245.de/soepfrabo_lebenslauf_2001_en.p df). SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 2 BIRELH BI: Im Ausland: Familie/Freunde BI: Abroad: Friends/Family BIRELHP BI: Im Ausland: Eltern BI: Abroad: Parents BIRELHGP BI: Im Ausland: Großeltern BI: Abroad: Grandparents BIRELHC BI: Im Ausland: Kinder BI: Abroad: Children BIRELHBS BI: Im Ausland: Bruder, Schwester BI: Abroad: Brother/Sister BIRELHDR BI: Im Ausland : Entferntere Verwandte BI: Abroad: Distant Relatives BIRELHSP BI: Im Ausland: Ehepartner, Verlobte(r) BI: Abroad: Spouse, Fiancée BIRELHFR BI: Im Ausland: Persönliche Bekannte BI: Abroad: Friends BIRELHMI BI: Personen gern nach Dt. holen BI: Bring Friends/Relatives from Abroad to Germany BIRELHS2 BI: Ehepartner in Deutschland BI: Spouse in Germany BIRELHC2 BI: Kinder unter 18 J. nicht in Dt. BI: Children under 18 not in Germany BIGOBACK BI: Rückkehr Heimat BI: Return to Country of Origin BISTAY BI: Wunsch in Dt. zu bleiben BI: Desire to Stay in Germany BISTAYY BI: Dauer des geplanten Aufenthalts BI: Planned Duration of Stay in Germany BISCGER BI: In Dt. Schule besucht BI: Attended School in Germany BISCGRAD BI: Schulklasse bei Ankunft in Dt. BI: Grade on Arrival in Germany BISCGERC BI: Besuch spezieller Vorbereitung BI: Attended Special Preparatory Class BISCGC BI: Auch dt. Schüler in Schulklasse BI: German Students in Class Too BISCGCF BI: Wie viele Mitschüler Ausländer BI: How Many Foreign Students BISCGCFN BI: Eine oder mehrere Nationalitäten in Schulklasse BI: Mix of Nationalities in Class Source: SOEP v33. 2 Sample characteristics and size The data available in this file are longitudinal. That is to say, the same variable name refers to different time periods, which can be differentiated by the variable SYEAR ranging from 1984 to 2016. Thus, for every respondent included in the dataset, there are as many person-years as the number of years in which the respondent completed interviews. The unit of observation is therefore person-years. The sample size of the dataset is defined using the following criteria: -First, the dataset includes only person-year combinations for those years in which SOEP respondents completed a questionnaire ($NETTO). This refers not only to the personal and youth questionnaires but also to the biography and gap questionnaires ($LUECKE). In other words, at least one of these interviews had to be realized in a given year, so that the person-year combination was included in the dataset. At the same time, the dataset excludes person-year-observations from children and individuals who were not part of a SOEP household in a given year (for more information, see the PPFAD documentation on the current wave survey status $NETTO). -Second, all available information related to the BIOIMMIG variables is collected and assigned to the person-year observations. Thereafter, all persons without valid information on any BIOIMMIG variable were excluded from the dataset (for a full list of the BIOIMMIG variables, see Table 1). -Third, all respondents whose only valid information was on the percentage of foreigners in class (BISCGCF) were deleted from the dataset. Most information in the BIOIMMIG dataset comes from foreigner-specific questions or questionnaires, while information on BISCGCF comes from a question given to all SOEP participants aged 16 to 17 ($JUGEND) and those who completed a general biography questionnaire (BIOLELA and $LELA). Therefore, if the only valid information in the BIOIMMIG dataset was on the variable BISCGCF, it can be assumed that the person does not have a migration background. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 3 Ultimately, this leaves a sample size of about 186,000 person-years and 33,000 individuals in the BIOIMMIG dataset (see Table 2). However, the BIOIMMIG sample cannot be equated with the overall population of immigrants and their descendants in the SOEP, since the BIOIMMIG dataset only includes respondents who gave information on one or more of the BIOIMMIG variables (listed in Table 1). Research on respondents with a direct or indirect migration background should therefore include a careful check of the MIGBACK variable in PPFAD to determine whether and to what extent the target population is covered in the BIOIMMIG dataset. Table 2: Sample size of the BIOIMMIG dataset Persons Person-years PPFAD: Original sample size 126,804 100 % 4,184,532 100% Interview years: Sample after keeping only those years in which a questionnaire was completed based on $NETTO 86,619 68 % 633,517 15% BIOIMMIG information: Sample after excluding all those without valid information in any year of participation 62,443 49% 378,700 9% BISCGCF: Sample after excluding all respondents whose only valid BIOIMMIG information is the share of foreigners in class 32,787 26% 186,425 4% Source: SOEP v33. In comparison to the BIOIMMIG dataset from 2015 (v32), the sample size of the BIOIMMIG dataset in 2016 (v33) has changed. Table 3 displays the number of person-years in both datasets. The vast majority (97%) of the person-years from the last BIOIMMIG dataset (v32) are still included in the latest BIOIMMIG dataset version (v33). However, almost 5,000 cases are no longer included in the latest version (v33), and a substantial number of cases (57,699 person-years) are included in the latest BIOIMMIG dataset version (v33) for the first time. Table 3: Differences between the BIOIMMIG dataset from last year (v32) and this year (v33) (personyears) BIOIMMIG (v33) Included Excluded Total BIOIMMIG (v32) Included 128,726 (69%, 97%) 4,653 (3%) 133,379 (100%) Excluded 57,699 (31%) - Total 186,726(100%) Source: SOEP v33. Table 4 displays the reasons for these differences in the number of person-year observations between v32 and v33. On the one hand, the new sample restrictions led to the exclusion of around 4,700 person-years in this BIOIMMIG version (v33). This occurred because the sample in v32 included around 2,500 cases without valid BIOIMMIG information in any wave, which are no longer included. Additionally, around 2,000 cases included in v32 were omitted in 2016, because their only valid BIOIMMIG information was on the variable BISCGCF. On the other hand, several reasons led to the inclusion of nearly 58,000 person-years. First, the sample size has increased as around 16,000 respondents completed an interview in 2016, adding new person-year combinations to the dataset. These cases include not only respondents who already gave interviews in previous years but also new SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 4 respondents who entered the SOEP in 2016, for instance, through one of the two refugee samples.3 Second, almost 2,800 additional person-years were included in the dataset for respondents who completed a gap interview in the respective person-year. Third, more variables were used to generate the variable BIIMGRP, which led to the inclusion of around 5,000 additional observations (see BIIMGRP). Finally, in contrast to the previous BIOIMMIG version (v32), the BIOIMMIG dataset is now no longer limited to respondents who were born abroad (GERMBORN in PPFAD)4, had non-German citizenship (NATION$$ in $PGEN),5 and gave information on one of the BIOIMMIG variables (around 33,000 person-years). Also, the generation of BIIMGRP and BIWFAM was slightly altered to incorporate more information, which in turn increases the number of cases included in the BIOIMMIG dataset (v33). Table 4: Reasons for the differences between the BIOIMMIG dataset from last year (v32) and this year (v33) Persons Person-years Included last year, but not in 2016 951 100 % 4,653 100% Without valid BIOIMMIG information in any wave 589 62% 2,525 54% With BISCGCF being the only valid information 253 27% 1,783 38% Unexplained 109 11% 345 8% Included in 2016, but not last year 13,713 100% 57,699 100% Respondents in 2016 (of these 4,815 from refugee samples) 8,047 58% 15,904 28% Additional person-years with successful gap interview (NETTO=31) 402 3% 2,763 5% Different approach to generate BIIMGRP 311 2% 5,094 9% Respondents who were deleted under the old sample restriction (born in Germany, German citizenship & no BIOIMMIG information) 4,741 35% 33,257 57% Unexplained 212 2% 681 1% Source: SOEP v33. 3 Sources used to generate the BIOIMMIG dataset Most of the information in the BIOIMMIG dataset comes from the BIOLELA and $LELA (from wave M on) datasets, which were collected with the biography questionnaires. Additionally, starting in 2000 (wave Q), information from the $JUGEND datasets, which contain similar information to $LELA for 16and 17-year-olds were incorporated into the BIOIMMIG dataset. In any given year, a person could complete either a youth or a biography questionnaire. Thus, information is available in either the $JUGEND or the $LELA dataset but never in both. If a respondent also replied to other questions relevant to the BIOIMMIG variables in the foreigner-specific questions in $PAUSL from wave A to L or 3 For more information on sample sizes and panel attrition in the SOEP, see Kroh M., Kühne, S., Jacobsen, J., Siegert, R. & Siegers, R. (forthcoming) Sampling, Nonresponse, and Integrated Weighting of the 2016 IAB-BAMFSOEP Refugee Survey (M3/M4) Berlin DIW/SOEP. 4 GERMBORN (PPFAD) was modified using information from NP101, OP103, PP117, QP12101, QP124, RP11701, RP120, SP116, SP120, TP124, TP126, UP128, UP130, VP137, VP139, WP129, WP131, XP141, XP143, YP139, YP136, ZP139, ZP141, BAP137, BAP134, BBP14201, BBP144, BCP141, BCP134, BEP131, BFP160, BDPM_L_0201, BDPM_P_09, BEPM_L_0301, BEPM_P_224, BFPM_L_0301, BFPM_P_44. 5 NATION$$ in $PGEN was modified using information from OP10201, PP11601, QP119, RP115, SP114, TP122, UP126, VP135, WP127, XP139, YP137, ZP137, BAP135, BBP140, BCP139, BDP143, BEP129, BFP158, BDPM_P_09, BEPM_P_224, BFPM_P_44. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 5 in the foreigner-specific questions in $P from wave M onwards, the information from the personal questionnaires is added to the biographical data. Since 2013, the IAB-SOEP migration samples have been surveyed annually, comprising of a large number of interviews with immigrants living in Germany.6 In addition, the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Refugee Samples were surveyed in 2016. 7 The questionnaires of these samples varied slightly from the regular personal and biography questionnaires. As a result, just a limited portion of the data collected could be harmonized with the $P and $LELA datasets and was therefore included in separate migration datasets (BDP_MIG1_ALL, BDP_MIG2, BEP_MIG, BFP_MIG, BGP_REFUGEES). We also use information from these datasets to complement the BIOIMMIG dataset. 4 Updating the yearly information in the BIOIMMIG dataset with information collected in other years Most of the information included in the BIOIMMIG dataset remains constant over time, which usually is only asked once within the SOEP, e.g., a respondent’s main reason for coming to Germany. The respondent’s answers are assumed to be constant and therefore valid over time. In accordance, we filled in time-constant information for all person-years in the dataset. We proceeded in the same manner with information that was given more than once and that remained consistent over time—for example, when a respondent mentioned that he / she wanted to stay in Germany permanently, first in the youth and later in the biography questionnaire. However, some respondents’ answers varied over time on a small number of questions, which lead to the following variables: BISCGER (school in Germany), BISCGCF (number of foreign students), BIEXPR (expectations from Germany), BIEXPRAC (acceptance by coworkers), BIRELH (family abroad), BIRELHC2 (children living abroad), BIRELHS2 (spouse in Germany), BISTAY (desire to stay in Germany), BISTAYY (planned duration of stay). For these variables, it can be assumed that answers and thus values may indeed vary over time. For instance, a person’s desire to stay in Germany may change over time. Thus, both (or more) pieces of information are considered valid for the subsequent years until a different answer is given, and this answer is again considered valid until the next different answer is given. Accordingly, we adapted our procedure of filling in the values for the years in between differing answers. The logic of this procedure is demonstrated for the variable BIRELH (family in home country) in Table 5. Table 5: Data structure after filling in time-varying information over the years (fictitious data) PERSNR HHNR HHNRAKT SYEAR BIRELH BISTAYY 101 19 19 2000 1 10 101 19 19 2001 1 9 101 19 19 2002 1 8 101 19 19 2003 2 7 101 19 19 2004 2 6 101 19 19 2005 2 5 6 For more information, see H. Brücker, M. Kroh, S. Bartsch, J. Goebel, S. Kühne, E. Liebau, P. Trübswetter, I. Tucci, J. Schupp (2014) The new IAB-SOEP Migration Sample: an introduction into the methodology and the contents. SOEP Survey Papers 216: Series C. Berlin: DIW/SOEP. 7 For more information, see M. Kroh, H. Brücker, S. Kühne, E. Liebau, J. Schupp, M. Siegert, P. Trübswetter (2016) Das Studiendesign der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten. SOEP Survey Papers 365: Series C. Berlin: DIW/SOEP. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 12 BICAMP BI: Übergangsunterkunft: J/N BI: Transitional Accommodation: Y/N BIO Question: Q7a Comment: In 2016 BICAMP was defined in a different manner for the new refugee samples. For this sample, BICAMP is coded “Yes” if a respondent lived in a “shared accommodation”. This information was gathered from the household file BGH. German: Haben Sie nach Ihrer Einreise zunächst in einem Aufnahmelager oder Übergangswohnheim gelebt? "[1] Ja" "[2] Nein" English: When you entered the country did you first live in a refugee camp or some other type of temporary housing for immigrants? "[1] Yes" "[2] No" See also: BICAMP, BICAMPW, BICAMPM Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P090Z 1995 L BIOLELA P090Z 1996 M MLELA MB090Z 1997 N NLELA NB090Z 1998 O OLELA OB090Z 1999 P PLELA PB090Z 2000 Q QLELA QB090Z 2001 R RLELA RB090Z 2002 S SLELA SB0701 2003 T TLELA TB0701 2004 U ULELA UB0701 2005 V VLELA VB0701 2006 W WLELA WB0701 2007 X XLELA XB0701 2008 Y YLELA YB0701 2009 Z ZLELA ZB0701 2010 BA BALELA BAB0701 2011 BB BBLELA BBB0701 2012 BC BCLELA BCB0701 2013 BD BDLELA BDB0801 2014 BE 2015 BF 2016 BG 2016 BG 2016 BG $LELA $LELA BGLELA BGH BGP_REFUGEES n/a n/a BGB08 BGHR01 BGPR_L_52 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ5901 2001 Q RJUGEND RJ6101 2002 S SJUGEND SJ6101 2003 T TJUGEND TJ6101 SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 13 2004 U UJUGEND UJ6101 2005 V VJUGEND VJ6101 Since 2006 $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 14 BICAMPW BI: Übergangsunterkunft: Wochen BI: Transitional Accommodation: Weeks BIO Question: Q7b German: Übergangsunterkunft: Wenn ja, für wie viele Wochen? English: Transitional accomodation: If so, for how many weeks? See also: BICAMP, BICAMPW, BICAMPM Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P091Z 1995 L BIOLELA P091Z 1996 M MLELA MB091Z 1997 N NLELA NB091Z 1998 O OLELA OB091Z 1999 P PLELA PB091Z 2000 Q QLELA QB091Z 2001 R RLELA RB091Z 2002 S SLELA SB0702 2003 T TLELA TB0702 2004 U ULELA UB0702 2005 V VLELA VB0702 2006 W WLELA WB0702 2007 X XLELA XB0702 2008 Y YLELA YB0702 2009 Z ZLELA ZB0702 2010 BA BALELA BAB0702 2011 BB BBLELA BBB0702 2012 BC BCLELA BCB0702 2013 BD Since 2014 BDLELA $LELA BDB0802 n/a 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ5902 2001 R RJUGEND RJ6102 2002 S SJUGEND SJ6102 2003 T TJUGEND TJ6102 2004 U UJUGE ND UJ6102 2005 V VJUGEND VJ6102 Since 2006 $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 15 BICAMPM BI: Übergangsunterkunft: Monate BI: Transitional Accommodation: Months BIO Question: Q7c German: Übergangsunterkunft: Wenn ja, für wie viele Monate? English: Transitional accomodation: If so, for how many months? See also: BICAMP, BICAMPW, BICAMPM Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P092Z 1995 L BIOLELA P092Z 1996 M MLELA MB092Z 1997 N NLELA NB092Z 1998 O OLELA OB092Z 1999 P PLELA PB092Z 2000 Q QLELA QB092Z 2001 R RLELA RB092Z 2002 S SLELA SB0703 2003 T TLELA TB0703 2004 U ULELA UB0703 2005 V VLELA VB0703 2006 W WLELA WB0703 2007 X XLELA XB0703 2008 Y YLELA YB0703 2009 Z ZLELA ZB0703 2010 BA BALELA BAB0703 2011 BB BBLELA BBB0703 2012 BC BCLELA BCB0703 2013 BD Since 2014 BDLELA $LELA BDB0803 n/a 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ5903 2001 R RJUGEND RJ6103 2002 S SJUGEND SJ6103 2003 T TJUGEND TJ6103 2004 U UJUGEND UJ6103 2005 V VJUGEND VJ6103 Since 2006 $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 16 BIWFAM BI: Bereits Familie in Dt. BI: Family Members in Germany BIO Question: Q8 Comment: In BIOIMMIG dataset v33 an error in the generation of BIWFAM was corrected: in BIOIMMIG v32 a redundant migration restriction had led to a loss of around 33 valid BIWFAM observations coming from the 2015 migration dataset (BFP_MIG). Additionally, the generation of the BIWFAM value "[2] No" was logically adjusted so that far fewer observations from the migration datasets from wave BD to BF were coded as "[2] No". In wave BF, this applies to 3,938 values, which are now set to missing [-2], in wave BE to 3,578 and in wave BD to 1,271. German: Als Sie einreisten, kamen Sie da als Familienangehöriger einer bereits in Deutschland lebenden Familie bzw. Person? "[1] Ja" "[2] Nein" English: When you entered the country did you come as a family member or a person already living in Germany? "[1] Yes" "[2] No" Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P100Z 1995 L BIOLELA P100Z 1996 M MLELA MB100Z 1997 N NLELA NB100Z 1998 O OLELA OB100Z 1999 P PLELA PB100Z 2000 Q QLELA QB100Z 2001 R RLELA RB100Z 2002 S SLELA SB08 2003 T TLELA TB08 2004 U ULELA UB08 2005 V VLELA VB08 2006 W WLELA WB08 2007 X XLELA XB08 2008 Y YLELA YB08 2009 Z ZLELA ZB08 2010 BA BALELA BAB08 2011 BB BBLELA BBB08 2012 BC BCLELA BCB08 2013 BD 2014 BE 2015 BF 2016 BG BDLELA BELELA BFLELA BGLELA BDB09 n/a n/a BGPM_L_09, BGPM_L0*_20 SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 17 2013 BD 2014 BE 2015 BF BDP_MIG BEP_MIG BFP_MIG BDPM_L01_1801 BDPM_L*_2501 BEPM_L_08 BFPM_L_09 BFPM_L*_1401 2016 BG BGP_REFUGEES BGPR_L_3701 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ60 2001 R RJUGEND RJ62 2002 S SJUGEND SJ62 2003 T TJUGEND TJ62 2004 U UJUGEND UJ62 2005 V VJUGEND VJ62 2006 – 2015 2016 BG $JUGEND BGJUGEND n/a BGJ70 Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 18 BIFAMC BI: Vor Einreise Kontakte mit Personen in Dt. BI: Contact with Family/Friends in Germany BIO Question: Q9 German: Hatten Sie vor der Einreise überhaupt Kontakte zu Verwandten oder Bekannte in Deutschland, an die Sie sich wenden konnten? "[1] Ja" "[2] Nein" English: Did you have any contacts to relatives or friends in Germany before you entered the country? "[1] Yes" "[2] No" See also: BIFAMC, BIFAMCL Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P110Z 1995 L BIOLELA P110Z 1996 M MLELA MB110Z 1997 N NLELA NB110Z 1998 O OLELA OB110Z 1999 P PLELA PB110Z 2000 Q QLELA QB110Z 2001 R RLELA RB110Z 2002 S SLELA SB09 2003 T TLELA TB09 2004 U ULELA UB09 2005 V VLELA VB09 2006 W WLELA WB09 2007 X XLELA XB09 2008 Y YLELA YB09 2009 Z ZLELA ZB09 2010 BA BALELA BAB09 2011 BB BBLELA BBB09 2012 BC BCLELA BCB09 2013 BD 2014 BE 2015 BF 2016 BG BDLELA BELELA BFLELA BGLELA BDB10 n/a n/a BGB1001 BGB1002 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ61 2001 R RJUGEND RJ63 2002 S SJUGEND SJ63 2003 T TJUGEND TJ63 2004 U UJUGEND UJ63 2005 V VJUGEND VJ63 Since 2006 $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 19 BIFAMCL BI: Zuzug in Wohnort der Bekannten BI: Moved to Same Area as Family/Friends BIO Question: Q10 German: Sind Sie in den Ort in Deutschland gezogen, wo diese Verwandten bzw. Bekannten lebten? "[1] Ja" "[2] Nein" English: Did you move to the area in Germany where these relatives or friends lived? "[1] Yes" "[2] No" See also: BIFAMC, BIFAMCL Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P120Z 1995 L BIOLELA P120Z 1996 M MLELA MB120Z 1997 N NLELA NB120Z 1998 O OLELA OB120Z 1999 P PLELA PB120Z 2000 Q QLELA QB120Z 2001 R RLELA RB120Z 2002 S SLELA SB10 2003 T TLELA TB10 2004 U ULELA UB10 2005 V VLELA VB10 2006 W WLELA WB10 2007 X XLELA XB10 2008 Y YLELA YB10 2009 Z ZLELA ZB10 2010 BA BALELA BAB10 2011 BB BBLELA BBB10 2012 BC BCLELA BCB10 2013 BD 2014 BE 2015 BF 2016 BG BDLELA BELELA BFLELA BGLELA BDB11 n/a n/a BGPM_L_29 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ62 2001 R RJUGEND RJ64 2002 S SJUGEND SJ64 2003 T TJUGEND TJ64 2004 U UJUGEND UJ64 2005 V VJUGEND VJ64 Since 2006 $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 20 BIREASON BI: Hauptgrund Zuzug BI: Main Reason for Migration BIO Question: Q100 (Personal questionnaire M1 in 2014) Comment: This variable is available since 2014 for the IAB-SOEP migration samples. German: Welcher der folgenden Gründe war bei Ihnen der Hauptgrund nach Deutschland zu ziehen? "[1] Partnerschaft" "[2] Andere familiäre Gründe" "[3] Wirtschaftliche Perspektive für mich selbst" "[4] Wirtschaftliche Perspektive für meine Kinder" "[5] Andere wirtschaftliche Gründe" "[6] Politische Gründe (Diskriminierung, Not, Verfolgung, Krieg)" "[7] Sonstige Gründe" English Which of the following was your main reason for moving to Germany? "[1] Partnership" "[2] Other family reasons" "[3] Economic prospects for me" "[4] Economic prospects for my children" "[5] Other economic reasons" "[6] Political reasons (discrimination, poverty, persecution, war)" "[7] Other" Year File Variable 2014 BE 2015 BF 2016 BG 2016 BG BEP_MIG BFP_MIG BGLELA BGP_REFUGEES BEPM_L_10001 BFPM_L_2501 BGB09 BGPR_L_3601, BGPR_L_3602, BGPR_L_3603, BGPR_L_3604, BGPR_L_3605, BGPR_L_3606, BGPR_L_3607, BGPR_L_3608, BGPR_L_3609, BGPR_L_3610, BGPR_L_3611 Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 21 BIRBETR BI: Gruende Zuzug: Besser BI: Reason for Migration: Better BIO Question: Q11a German: Es gibt ja unterschiedliche Gründe, nach Deutschland zu ziehen. Welche der folgenden Gründe spielten bei Ihnen eine Rolle? – Ich wollte ein besseres Leben haben: Besser wohnen, mehr kaufen können usw. "[1] Besseres Leben" English: There are many possible reasons for moving to Germany. Which of reasons listed here played a part in your decision? – I wanted a better life. I wanted to live better, to be able to buy more, etc. "[1] Better Life" See also: BIRBETR, BIRMONEY, BIRFREE, BIRFAM, BIRPOOR, BIRWAR, BIRJUST, BIROTHR Year File Variable 1984 - 93 A - J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P151Z 1995 L BIOLELA P151Z 1996 M MLELA MB151Z 1997 N NLELA NB151Z 1998 O OLELA OB151Z 1999 P PLELA PB151Z 2000 Q QLELA QB151Z 2001 R RLELA RB151Z 2002 S SLELA SB1401 2003 T TLELA TB1401 2004 U ULELA UB1401 2005 V VLELA VB1401 2006 W WLELA WB1401 2007 X XLELA XB1401 2008 Y YLELA YB1401 2009 Z ZLELA ZB1401 2010 BA BALELA BAB1401 2011 BB BBLELA BBB1401 2012 BC BCLELA BCB1401 2013 BD Since 2014 BDLELA $LELA BDB1501 n/a $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 28 BIROTHR BI: Gruende Zuzug: Sonstiges BI: Reason for Migration: Other BIO Question: Q11h German: Es gibt ja unterschiedliche Gründe, nach Deutschland zu ziehen. Welche der folgenden Gründe spielten bei Ihnen eine Rolle? – Sonstige Gründe. "[1] Sonstige Gründe" English: There are many possible reasons for moving to Germany. Which of reasons listed here played a part in your decision? – Other reasons. "[1] Other reasons" See also: BIRBETR, BIRMONEY, BIRFREE, BIRFAM, BIRPOOR, BIRWAR, BIRJUST, BIROTHR Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P158Z 1995 L BIOLELA P158Z 1996 M MLELA MB158Z 1997 N NLELA NB158Z 1998 O OLELA OB158Z 1999 P PLELA PB158Z 2000 Q QLELA QB158Z 2001 R RLELA RB158Z 2002 S SLELA SB1408 2003 T TLELA TB1408 2004 U ULELA UB1408 2005 V VLELA VB1408 2006 W WLELA WB1408 2007 X XLELA XB1408 2008 Y YLELA YB1408 2009 Z ZLELA ZB1408 2010 BA BALELA BAB1408 2011 BB BBLELA BBB1408 2012 BC BCLELA BCB 1408 2013 BD Since 2014 BDLELA $LELA BDB1508 n/a $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 29 BIEXPR BI: Erwartungen an Dt. BI: Expectations of Germany BIO Question: Q12 German: Haben sich Ihre Vorstellungen, mit denen Sie nach Deutschland gekommen sind, im großen und ganzen erfüllt? "[1] Ja" "[2] Nur teilweise" "[3] Nein, gar nicht" English: Were your expectations of Germany fulfilled for the most part? "[1] Yes" "[2] Partly" "[3] No, not at all" See also: BIEXPR, BIEXPRLV, BIEXPRAC, BIEXPRAN Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P160Z 1995 L BIOLELA P160Z 1996 M MLELA MB160Z 1997 N NLELA NB160Z 1998 O OLELA OB160Z 1999 P PLELA PB160Z 2000 Q QLELA QB160Z 2001 R RLELA RB160Z 2002 S SLELA SB15 2003 T TLELA TB15 2004 U ULELA UB1501 2005 V VLELA VB1501 2006 W WLELA WB1501 2007 X XLELA XB1501 2008 Y YLELA YB1501 2009 Z ZLELA ZB1501 2010 BA BALELA BAB1501 2011 BB BBLELA BBB1501 2012 BC BCLELA BCB1501 2013 BD Since 2014 BDLELA $LELA BDB16 n/a $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 30 BIEXPRLV BI: Erwartungen: Wohnung finden BI: Expectations: Find Dwelling BIO Question: Q13a German: Auf welchen Gebieten war es leichter oder schwerer, als sie vorher gedacht hatten? – Eine eigene Wohnung zu finden. "[1] Schwerer" "[2] Wie erwartet" "[3] Leichter" "[4] TNZ" English: Which areas were easier or harder than you thought? – Finding a place to live. "[1] Harder" "[2] As expected" "[3] Easier" "[4] Not applicable" See also: BIEXPR, BIEXPRLV, BIEXPRAC, BIEXPRAN Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P171Z 1995 L BIOLELA P171Z 1996 M MLELA MB171Z 1997 N NLELA NB171Z 1998 O OLELA OB171Z 1999 P PLELA PB171Z 2000 Q QLELA QB171Z 2001 R RLELA RB171Z 2002 S SLELA SB1601 2003 T TLELA TB1601 2004 U ULELA UB1502 2005 V VLELA VB1502 2006 W WLELA WB1502 2007 X XLELA XB1502 2008 Y YLELA YB1502 2009 Z ZLELA ZB1502 2010 BA BALELA BAB1502 2011 BB BBLELA BBB1502 2012 BC BCLELA BCB1502 2013 BD Since 2014 BDLELA $LELA BDB1701 n/a $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 31 BIEXPRAC BI: Erwartungen: Von Arbeitskollegen akzeptiert BI: Expectations: Acceptance by Coworkers BIO Question: Q13b German: Auf welchen Gebieten war es leichter oder schwerer, als sie vorher gedacht hatten? – Von den Arbeitskollegen akzeptiert zu werden. "[1] Schwerer" "[2] Wie erwartet" "[3] Leichter" "[4] TNZ" English: Which areas were easier or harder than you thought? – to be accepted by coworkers. "[1] Harder" "[2] As expected" "[3] Easier" "[4] Not applicable" See also: BIEXPR, BIEXPRLV, BIEXPRAC, BIEXPRAN Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P172Z 1995 L BIOLELA P172Z 1996 M MLELA MB172Z 1997 N NLELA NB172Z 1998 O OLELA OB172Z 1999 P PLELA PB172Z 2000 Q QLELA QB172Z 2001 R RLELA RB172Z 2002 S SLELA SB1602 2003 T TLELA TB1602 2004 U ULELA UB1503 2005 V VLELA VB1503 2006 W WLELA WB1503 2007 X XLELA XB1503 2008 Y YLELA YB1503 2009 Z ZLELA ZB1503 2010 BA BALELA BAB1503 2011 BB BBLELA BBB1503 2012 BC BCLELA BCB1503 2013 BD Since 2014 BDLELA $LELA BDB1702 n/a $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 32 BIEXPRAN BI: Erwartungen: Von Nachbarn akzeptiert BI: Expectations: Acceptance by Neighbors BIO Question: Q13c German: Auf welchen Gebieten war es leichter oder schwerer, als sie vorher gedacht hatten? – Von den Nachbarn akzeptiert zu werden. "[1] Schwerer" "[2] Wie erwartet" "[3] Leichter" "[4] TNZ" English: Which areas were easier or harder than you thought? – Being accepted by neighbors. "[1] Harder" "[2] Just as expected" "[3] Easier" "[4] Not applicable" See also: BIEXPR, BIEXPRLV, BIEXPRAC, BIEXPRAN Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P173Z 1995 L BIOLELA P173Z 1996 M MLELA MB173Z 1997 N NLELA NB173Z 1998 O OLELA OB173Z 1999 P PLELA PB173Z 2000 Q QLELA QB173Z 2001 R RLELA RB173Z 2002 S SLELA SB1603 2003 T TLELA TB1603 2004 U ULELA UB1504 2005 V VLELA VB1504 2006 W WLELA WB1504 2007 X XLELA XB1504 2008 Y YLELA YB1504 2009 Z ZLELA ZB1504 2010 BA BALELA BAB1504 2011 BB BBLELA BBB1504 2012 BC BCLELA BCB1504 2013 BD Since 2014 BDLELA $LELA BDB1703 n/a $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 33 BIRELH BI: Im Ausland: Familienmitglieder BI: Abroad: Friends / Family BIO Question: Q14 Comment: From 2001 onwards the variable is no longer specifically collected in $LELA and is missing for $JUGEND. It has therefore not been generated since 2001. German: Haben Sie in dem Land, aus dem Sie kommen bzw. aus dem Ihre Familie kommt, noch Familienangehörige oder andere Ihnen nahstehende Menschen? "[1] Ja" "[2] Nein" English: Do you have family members or close friends the country you (or your family) come from? "[1] Yes" "[2] No" See also: BIRELH, BIRELHP, BIRELHGP, BIRELHC, BIRELHBS, BIRELHDR, BIRELHSP, BIRELHFR, BIRELHMI Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P18Z 1995 L BIOLELA P18Z 1996 M MLELA MB18Z 1997 N NLELA NB18Z 1998 O OLELA OB18Z 1999 P PLELA PB18Z 2000 Q QLELA QB18Z Since 2001 2000 Q Since 2001 $LELA QJUGEND $JUGEND n/a QJ66 n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 34 BIRELHP BI: Im Ausland: Eltern BI: Abroad: Parents BIO Question: Q15a German: Personen in der Heimat: Was für Personen sind das? Eltern? "[1] Eltern" English: Friends/family in country of origin: Who are they? Parents? "[1] Parents" See also: BIRELH, BIRELHP, BIRELHGP, BIRELHC, BIRELHBS, BIRELHDR, BIRELHSP, BIRELHFR, BIRELHMI, BIRELHS2, BIRELHC2 Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P191Z 1995 L BIOLELA P191Z 1996 M MLELA MB191Z 1997 N NLELA NB191Z 1998 O OLELA OB191Z 1999 P PLELA PB191Z 2000 Q QLELA QB191Z 2001 R RLELA RB0703V, RB0705M 2002 S SLELA SB2101, SB2102 2003 T TLELA TB2101, TB2102 2004 U ULELA UB2101, UB2102 2005 V VLELA VB2101 , VB2102 2006 W WLELA WB2101, WB2102 2007 X XLELA XB2101, XB2102 2008 Y YLELA YB2101 , YB2102 2009 Z ZLELA ZB2101, ZB2102 2010 BA BALELA BAB2101, BAB2102 2011 BB BBLELA BBB22V01, BBB22M01 2012 BC BCLELA BCB2201, BCB2202 2013 BD 2014 BE 2015 BF 2016 BG 2016 BG BDLELA BELELA BFLELA BGLELA BGP BDB2301 , BDB2302 BEB2701, BEB2702 BFB2701, BFB2702 BGB2702, BGB2701, BGP16904, BGP15304B, BGP15303B 2013 BD 2014 BE 2015 BF BDP_MIG BEP_MIG BFP_MIG BDPML_L_5901, BDPML_L_5902 BEPM_L_3501, BEPM_L_3502 BFPM_L_11101, BFPM_L_11102 2016 BG BGP_REFUGEES BGPR_L_435, BGPR_L_437, BGPR44802, BGPR44803 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ6701 2001 – 2015 2016 BG $JUGEND BGJUGEND n/a BGJ8401, BGJ8402 Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 35 BIRELHGP BI:Im Ausland: Grosseltern BI: Abroad: Grandparents BIO Question: Q15b German: Personen in der Heimat: Was für Personen sind das? Großeltern? "[1] Großeltern" English: Friends/family in country of origin: Who are they? Grandparents? "[1] Grandparents" See also: BIRELH, BIRELHP, BIRELHGP, BIRELHC, BIRELHBS, BIRELHDR, BIRELHSP, BIRELHFR, BIRELHMI Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P192Z 1995 L BIOLELA P192Z 1996 M MLELA MB192Z 1997 N NLELA NB192Z 1998 O OLELA OB192Z 1999 P PLELA PB192Z 2000 Q QLELA QB192Z 2001-2015 $LELA n/a 2016 BG 2016 BG BGLELA BGP BGB2702, BGB2701 BGP15311B, BGP15312B 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ6702 Since 2001 $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 36 BIRELHC BI: Im Ausland: Kinder BI: Abroad: Children BIO Question: Q15c German: Personen in der Heimat: Was für Personen sind das? Kinder? "[1] Kinder" English: Friends/family in country of origin: Who are they? Children? "[1] Children" See also: BIRELH, BIRELHP, BIRELHGP, BIRELHC, BIRELHBS, BIRELHDR, BIRELHSP, BIRELHFR, BIRELHMI, BIRELHS2, BIRELHC2 Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P193Z 1995 L BIOLELA P193Z 1996 M MLELA MB193Z 1997 N NLELA NB193Z 1998 O OLELA OB193Z 1999 P PLELA PB193Z 2000 Q QLELA QB193Z Since 2001 $LELA n/a 2016 BG 2016 BG BGP BGP_REFUGEES BGP16908, BGP15308B, BGP15307B BGPR_L_405, BGPR_L_409, BGPR_L_413, BGPR_L_417, BGPR_L_421, BGPR_L_425, BGPR_L_429, BGPR_L_433, BGPR45002 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ6703 Since 2001 $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 37 BIRELHBS BI: Im Ausland: Bruder, Schwester BI: Abroad: Brother/Sister BIO Question: Q15d German: Personen in der Heimat: Was für Personen sind das? Bruder/Schwester? "[1] Bruder/Schwester" English: Friends/family in country of origin: Who are they? Brother/Sister? "[1] Brother/Sister" See also: BIRELH, BIRELHP, BIRELHGP, BIRELHC, BIRELHBS, BIRELHDR, BIRELHSP, BIRELHFR, BIRELHMI, BIRELHC2, BIRELHS2 Year File Variable 1984 - 93 A - J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P194Z 1995 L BIOLELA P194Z 1996 M MLELA MB194Z 1997 N NLELA NB194Z 1998 O OLELA OB194Z 1999 P PLELA PB194Z 2000 Q QLELA QB194Z Since 2001 $LELA n/a 2016 BG 2016 BG BGP BGP_REFUGEES BGP15309B, BGP15310B BGPR_L_39804 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ6704 Since 2001 $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 44 BIGOBACK BI: Rueckkehr Heimat BI: Return to Country of Origin BIO Question: Q17 Comment: The question BIGOBACK asks whether respondents intend to return to their country of origin, whereas BISTAY asks whether they intend to stay in Germany. The wording and the answer options differ between the two questions. Furthermore, there is no reason to assume that the two variables are consistent. German: Planen Sie selbst, in Ihr Herkunftsland wieder zurückzukehren? "[1] Ja, ganz sicher" "[2] Ja, wahrscheinlich" "[3] Eher unwahrscheinlich" "[4] Nein, sicher nicht" English: Do you plan to return to live in your country of origin? "[1] Yes, definitely" "[2] Yes, probably" "[3] Probably not" "[4] No, definitely not" See also: BIGOBACK, BISTAY, BISTAYY Year File Variable 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA n/a 1994 K BIOLELA P230Z 1995 L BIOLELA P230Z 1996 M MLELA MB230Z 1997 N NLELA NB230Z 1998 O OLELA OB230Z 1999 P PLELA PB230Z 2000 Q QLELA QB230Z Since 2001 $LELA n/a 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ69 Since 2001 $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 45 BISTAY BI: Wunsch in Dt. zu bleiben BI: Desire to Stay in Germany BIO Question: Q17 Comment: If the respondent replies "[2] Several years, specifically...", then the number of years can be found in BISTAYY. German: Wie lange wollen Sie in Deutschland bleiben? "[1] Kehre innerhalb eines Jahres zurück" "[2] Einige Jahre und zwar..." "[3] Für immer in Deutschland bleiben" English: How long would you like to stay in Germany? "[1] One year maximum" "[2] Several years, specifically..." "[3] Stay in Germany permanently" See also: BIGOBACK, BISTAY, BISTAYY Year File Variable 1984 A APAUSL AP67A01 1985 B BPAUSL BP96A01 1986 C CPAUSL CP87A01 1987 D DPAUSL DP89A01 1988 E EPAUSL EP77A01 1989 F FPAUSL FP99A01 1990 G GPAUSL GP96A01 1991 H HPAUSL HP99A01 1992 I IPAUSL IP99A01 1993 J JPAUSL JP99A01 1994 K KPAUSL KP96A01 1995 L LPAUSL LP107A01 1996 M MP MP101A01, MP100A 1997 N NP NP109A01 , NP108A 1998 O OP OP11401, OP113 1999 P PP PP12601, PP125 2000 Q QP QP13401, QP133 2001 R RP RP12701, RP126 2002 S SP SP12601, SP125 2003 T TP TP13301, TP132 2004 U UP UP13501 , UP134 2005 V VP VP14601, VP145 2006 W WP WP13601, WP135 2007 X XP XP14601, XP145 2008 Y YP YP14501, YP144 2009 Z ZP ZP14401, ZP143 2010 BA BAP BAP14601, BAP145 2011 BB BBP BBP14701 , BBP146 2012 BC 2013 BD 2014 BE 2015 BF BCP BDP BEP BFP n/a BDP15001, BDP149 n/a BFP16401 BFP163 SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 46 2016 BG BGP BGPM_P_5201 BGPM_P_51 2013 BD 2014 BE 2015 BF BDP_MIG BEP_MIG BFP_MIG BDPM_P_3701 BDPM_P_36 n/a BFPM_P_5201 BFPM_P_51 $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 47 BISTAYY BI: Dauer des geplanten Aufenthalts BI: Planned Duration of Stay in Germany BIO Question: Q17 Comment: Only available if the respondent replied "[2] Several years, specifically..." on the variable BISTAY. German: Wie lange wollen Sie in Deutschland bleiben? Einige Jahre und zwar... English: How long would you like to stay in Germany? Several years, specifically... See also: BIGOBACK, BISTAY, BISTAYY Year File Variable 1984 A APAUSL AP67A02 1985 B BPAUSL BP96A02 1986 C CPAUSL CP87A02 1987 D DPAUSL DP89A02 1988 E EPAUSL EP77A02 1989 F FPAUSL FP99A02 1990 G GPAUSL GP96A02 1991 H HPAUSL HP99A02 1992 I IPAUSL IP99A02 1993 J JPAUSL JP99A02 1994 K KPAUSL KP96A02 1995 L LPAUSL LP107A02 1996 M MP MP101A02 1997 N NP NP109A02 1998 O OP OP11402 1999 P PP PP12602 2000 Q QP QP13402 2001 R RP RP12702 2002 S SP SP12602 2003 T TP TP13302 2004 U UP UP13502 2005 V VP VP14602 2006 W WP WP13602 2007 X XP XP14602 2008 Y YP YP14502 2009 Z ZP ZP14402 2010 BA BAP BAP14602 2011 BB BBP BBP14702 2012 BC 2013 BD BCP BDP n/a BDP15002 2014 BE 2015 BF 2016 BG BEP BFP BGP n/a BFP16402 BGPM_P_5202 2013 BD 2014 BE 2015 BF B DP_MIG BEP_MIG BFP_MIG BDPM_P_3702 n/a BFPM_P_5202 $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 48 BISCGER BI: In Dt. Schule besucht? BI: Attended School in Germany BIO Question: Q18 Comment: This question asks only if respondents ever attended (primary/secondary) school in Germany, but not whether they graduated with a certificate/diploma, such as the generated variable $PSBIL in the file $PGEN. Since 2014 in SOEP-Core and in the IAB-SOEP migration samples, the question asks what the last school was that respondents attended. German: Haben Sie in Deutschland eine Schule besucht? "[1] Ja" "[2] Nein" English: Did you attend school in Germany? "[1] Yes" "[2] No" See also: BISCGER, BISCGRAD, BISCGERC, BISCGC, BISCGCF, BISCGCFN Year File Variable 1984 A APAUSL AP06A01 1985 B BPAUSL BP100A01 1986 C CPAUSL CP100B01 1987 D DPAUSL DP97A01 1988 E EPAUSL EP90A01 1989 F FPAUSL FP107A 1990 G GPAUSL GP107A 1991 H HPAUSL HP107A 1992 I IPAUSL IP107A 1993 J JPAUSL JP107A 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA B46A 1994 K BIOLELA P280Z 1995 L BIOLELA P280Z 1996 M MLELA MB280Z 1997 N NLELA NB280Z 1998 O OLELA OB280Z 1999 P PLELA PB280Z 2000 Q QLELA QB280Z 2001 R RLELA RB280Z 2002 S SLELA SB11 2003 T TLELA TB11 2004 U ULELA UB11 2005 V VLELA VB11 2006 W WLELA WB11 2007 X XLELA XB11 2008 Y YLELA YB11 2009 Z ZLELA ZB11 2010-2012 B$ B$LELA B$B11 2013 BD BDLELA BDB12 SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 49 2014 BE 2015 BF BELELA BFLELA BEB45 BFB47 2016 BG BGLELA BGB47 2013 BD 2014 BE 2015 BF BDP_MIG BEP_MIG BFP_MIG BDPM_L_70 BEPM_L_61 BFPM_L_136 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ63 2001 R RJUGEND RJ65 2002 S SJUGEND SJ65 2003 T TJUGEND TJ65 2004 U UJUGEND UJ65 2005 V VJUGEND VJ65 2006-2015 2016 $JUGEND BGJUGEND n/a BGJ32 Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 50 BISCGRAD BI: Schulklasse bei Ankunft in Dt. BI: Grade on Arrival in Germany BIO Question: Q19 German: In welche Klasse sind Sie in Deutschland in die Schule gekommen? English: What grade were you in when you started school in Germany? See also: BISCGER, BISCGRAD, BISCGERC, BISCGC, BISCGCF, BISCGCFN Year File Variable 1984 A APAUSL n/a 1985 B BPAUSL n/a 1986 C CPAUSL n/a 1987 D DPAUSL n/a 1988 E EPAUSL n/a 1989 F FPAUSL FP108A 1990 G GPAUSL GP108A 1991 H HPAUSL HP108A 1992 I IPAUSL IP108A 1993 J Since 1994 JPAUSL $P JP108A n/a 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA B47A 1994 K BIOLELA P290Z 1995 L BIOLELA P290Z 1996 M MLELA MB290Z 1997 N NLELA NB290Z 1998 O OLELA OB290Z 1999 P PLELA PB290Z 2000 Q QLELA QB290Z 2001 R RLELA RB290Z 2002 S SLELA SB12 2003 T TLELA TB12 2004 U ULELA UB12 2005 V VLELA VB12 2006 W WLELA WB12 2007 X XLELA XB12 2008 Y YLELA YB12 2009 Z ZLELA ZB12 2010 - 2012 B$ B$LELA B$B12 2013 BD Since 2014 BDLELA $LELA BDB13 n/a 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ64 2001 R RJUGEND RJ6601 2002 S SJUGEND SJ6601 2003 T TJUGEND TJ6601 2004 U UJUGEND UJ6601 2005 V VJUGEND VJ6601 Since 2006 $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 51 BISCGERC BI: Besuch spezieller Vorbereitung BI: Attended Special Preparatory Class BIO Question: Q20 German: Haben Sie vorher eine spezielle Vorbereitungsklasse für Ausländer in Deutschland besucht? "[1] Ja" "[2] Nein" English: Did you attend a special preparatory class for foreigners in Germany ahead of time? "[1] Yes" "[2] No" See also: BISCGER, BISCGRAD, BISCGERC, BISCGC, BISCGCF, BISCGCFN Year File Variable 1984 A APAUSL n/a 1985 B BPAUSL n/a 1986 C CPAUSL n/a 1987 D DPAUSL n/a 1988 E EPAUSL n/a 1989 F FPAUSL FP109A 1990 G GPAUSL GP109A 1991 H HPAUSL HP109A 1992 I IPAUSL IP109A 1993 J JPAUSL JP109A Since 1994 $P n/a 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA B48A 1994 K BIOLELA P300Z 1995 L BIOLELA P300Z 1996 M MLELA MB48A 1997 N NLELA NB48A 1998 O OLELA OB48A 1999 P PLELA PB48A 2000 Q QLELA QB48A 2001 R RLELA RB48A 2002 S SLELA SB13 2003 T TLELA TB13 2004 U ULELA UB13 2005 V VLELA VB13 2006 W WLELA WB13 2007 X XLELA XB13 2008 Y YLELA YB13 2009 Z ZLELA ZB13 2010-2012 B$ B$LELA B$B13 2013 BD Since 2014 BDLELA $LELA BDB14 n/a 2000 Q QJUGEND QJ65 SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 52 2001 R RJUGEND RJ6602 2002 S SJUGEND SJ6602 2003 T TJUGEND TJ6602 2004 U UJUGEND UJ6602 2005 V VJUGEND VJ6602 Since 2006 $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1 53 BISCGC BI: Auch dt. Schueler in Schulklasse BI: German Students in Class, Too BIO Question: Q21a German: Gab es in der Schulklasse, die Sie zuletzt in Deutschland besucht haben, auch deutsche Schüler? "[1] Ja" "[2] Nein" English: Were there German students in your class in the last grade of school you attended? "[1] Yes" "[2] No" See also: BISCGER, BISCGRAD, BISCGERC, BISCGC, BISCGCF, BISCGCFN Year File Variable 1984 A APAUSL n/a 1985 B BPAUSL n/a 1986 C CPAUSL n/a 1987 D DPAUSL n/a 1988 E EPAUSL n/a 1989 F FPA USL FP110A01 1990 G GPAUSL GP110A01 1991 H HPAUSL HP110A01 1992 I IPAUSL IP110A01 1993 J JPAUSL JP110A01 1984-93 A-J BIOLELA B49A 1994 K BIOLELA B49A 1995 L BIOLELA B49A 1996 M MLELA MB49A 1997 N NLELA NB49A 1998 O OLELA OB49A 1999 P PLELA PB49A Since 2000 $LELA n/a $JUGEND n/a Source: SOEP v33. SOEP Survey Papers 576 v33.1