THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF SOFTWARE IN INFORMATION SECURITY

827 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 12 THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF SOFTWARE IN INFORMATION SECURITY Aliev Avazbek Ulugbek Ugli Teacher at the Digital Technologies and Information Security of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Dzhamatov Mustafa Khatamovich Teacher at the Digital Technologies and Information Security of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18037737 Annotation. With the rapid development of information technology, software security has become a key component of modern information security. Today, more than 90% of cyberattacks are carried out through software vulnerabilities. This article analyzes the role of software in information security, its importance and future trends. Key words: Password-based, network, virus, Creeper, ISO, Security, SSDLC. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF SOFTWARE SECURITY Early Period (1960-1980) The concept of software security first emerged in the 1960s. During this period, the main focus was on: • Physical security: Focus on physical security of server rooms. • Simple authentication: Password-based systems. • Limited network connectivity: Local area networks, limited use of the internet. Table 1: Initial security measures Year Incident Result 1971 The first computer virus "Creeper" The emergence of antivirus programs 1973 Development of the TCP/IP protocol Emergence of network security problems 1976 Diffie-Hellman key exchange algorithm The development of cryptography Internet era (1990-2000) With the widespread use of the Internet, software security has reached a new level: • Web security: emergence of attacks such as SQL injection, XSS • Antivirus software: became widely used. • Security standards: ISO 17799, Common Criteria appeared. Modern era (2000-2020) During this period, software security has become strategically important: • SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle): Integrating security from the earliest stages; • DevSecOps: Integration of Development, Security, Operations; • Cloud Security: Security of cloud technologies. Current era (2020-present) 828 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 12 • AI-powered security: Analytics using artificial intelligence; • Zero Trust: "Never trust, always verify" principle; • Supply Chain Security: Supply chain security. SOFTWARE VULNERABILITIES AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION OWASP Top 10 - 2023 Table 2: OWASP Top 10 2023 Place Type of weakness Impact Distribution 1 Broken Access Control High Wide 2 Cryptographic Failures High Average 3 Injection High Wide 4 Insecure Design High Average 5 Security Misconfiguration Average Very wide 6 Vulnerable Components Average Wide 7 Identification Failures Average Wide 8 Software Integrity Failures Past Limited 9 Security Logging Failures Average Wide 10 Server-Side Request Forgery Average Growing Types of software vulnerabilities and code-level vulnerabilities • Buffer Overflow: Writing more than the specified amount of data to memory; • Memory Leaks: Failure to release memory properly; • Race Conditions: Time synchronization problems. Design-level vulnerabilities  Authentication Bypass: Bypass authentication  Privilege Escalation: Increase privileges  Business Logic Errors: Business logic errors Configuration vulnerabilities  Default Passwords: Default passwords  Unnecessary Services: Running unnecessary services  Insecure Permissions: Insecure permissions Statistical data according to 2023 research • There are an average of 15 security vulnerabilities in every software package • 70% of vulnerabilities can be prevented during software development • Only 30% of companies conduct regular security testing • Average cost of fixing security vulnerabilities: $5,000-50,000 829 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 12 SECURE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES Secure Software Development Life Cycle (SSDLC) SSDLC - a methodology for integrating security into all phases of software development. Phase 1: Requirements Definition • Security Requirements: Defining Security Requirements • Threat Modeling: Threat Modeling • Risk Assessment: Risk Assessment Phase 2: Design • Secure Architecture: Designing a secure architecture • Security Patterns: Applying security patterns • Design Review: Reviewing the design from a security perspective Phase 3: Development • Secure Coding Standards: Secure coding standards • Static Analysis: Static analysis • Code Review: Code review Phase 4: Testing • Dynamic Analysis • Penetration Testing • Vulnerability Scanning Phase 5: Production • Secure Deployment: Secure Deployment • Configuration Management: Configuration Management • Monitoring: Monitoring Phase 6: Maintain and Update • Patch Management • Incident Response • Continuous Improvement DevSecOps-Integration of Development, Security, and Operations. Table 3: DevSecOps Principles Principle Description Benefit Shift Left Moving security to early stages Reduce costs by 100 times Automation Automate security processes Speed increase Collaboration Collaboration between team members Better risk management Continuous Security Continuous security monitoring Real-time risk identification 830 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 12 Security integration in CI/CD The following security tools are integrated into modern CI/CD pipelines: 1. SAST (Static Application Security Testing): o Static analysis of code o Example: SonarQube, Checkmarx 2. DAST (Dynamic Application Security Testing): o Dynamic analysis of a working application o Example: OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite 3. SCA (Software Composition Analysis): o Analysis of third-party libraries o Example: Snyk, WhiteSource 4. Container Security: o Verification of container security o Example: Anchore, Clair 5. Infrastructure as Code Security: o Verification of IaC files o Example: Terrascan, Checkov SOFTWARE SECURITY STANDARDS AND FRAMEWORKS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ISO/IEC 27034 • Software Security Management • Application Security Controls Framework NIST SP 800-53 • Security and privacy controls • Risk management OWASP ASVS (Application Security Verification Standard) • Software Security Verification Standard • 3-level verification Industrial frames BSIMM (Building Security In Maturity Model) • 119 practices • 12 domains • 4 levels of complexity SAMM (Software Assurance Maturity Model) • 15 practices • 4 management domains • 3 levels of practice CONCLUSION Software security has become an integral part of modern information security, and 70% of vulnerabilities can be prevented during software development, and DevSecOps methodology significantly increases efficiency, AI and automation define the future of software security. Software developers need to master secure coding practices, regular training, and code review for team code review. 831 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 12 REFERENCES 1. Howard, M., & LeBlanc, D. (2003). Writing Secure Code. Microsoft Press. 2. McGraw, G. (2006). Software Security: Building Security In. Addison-Wesley. 3. OWASP Foundation. (2023). OWASP Top Ten 2023. 4. NIST. (2022). Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF). 5. ISO/IEC 27034-1:2011. Information technology - Security techniques. 6. "Raqamli O'zbekiston-2030" strategiyasi. 7. Axborot xavfsizligi milliy standartlari (O'zDSt 2847-2850). 8. Абдазимов С. Особенности применения технологии блокчейн в сфере информационной безопасности и финансовых операций //Modern Science and Research. – 2025. – Т. 4. – №. 5. – С. 1480-1482. 9. Джаматов М., Абдазимов С. 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