Applied aspects of environmental safety in the modern built environment
Abstract
Relevance of the research. Environmental safety in the built environment appears as a multifaceted category that encompasses not only the environmental dimension, but also the socio–economic, technical and technological aspects of spatial development. The concept provides for the systematic management of risks caused by construction activities in order to form a safe, healthy and adaptive environment for life. The purpose of the study is to identify the main sources of environmental threats that arise at the stages of planning, construction and operation of facilities, as well as the development of tools for their identification, monitoring and neutralization.Research methods. The principles of integrating the environmental component into the design process, materials science, logistics and technical operation are revealed, taking into account the trends of digitalization and the transition to a circular economy. The need to revise classical approaches to environmental regulation and regulation towards adaptability and flexibility of management models is highlighted, which allows taking into account the dynamics of the external environment. A typology of risks is presented by the degree of reversibility, source of origin and scale of impact. Research results. The concept of eco–balancing is presented as a method of systematic assessment of the interaction of an object with the environment at all stages of the life cycle, which provides a holistic view of the environmental consequences of decisions in the field of design, construction and operation. Digital tools, such as BIM modeling, geographic information systems, sensor platforms and IoT, are considered as effective means of managing environmental safety in real time. Their application allows for in–depth analysis of the impact of construction processes on the environment, creating development scenarios, predicting critical loads and identifying non–obvious relationships between systems. Artificial intelligence and machine learning tools are integrated into the environmental monitoring system as a means of detecting anomalies, forming forecasts and supporting decision–making.Conclusions. The need for an interdisciplinary approach combining urbanism, ecology, civil engineering and informatics is emphasized as a basic condition for creating sustainable ecosystems in cities. The formation of a single regulatory and methodological framework is proposed, which would unify environmental requirements for construction sites, ensuring their transparency, measurability and adaptability to changing environmental conditions. The practical significance of the study is manifested in the formation of methodological guidelines for developers of regulatory documents, developers and municipalities in the direction of ensuring sustainable development of territories and increasing the environmental resilience of construction sites. There is a growing need for public involvement, the formation of an ecological culture among participants in the construction process, as well as the development of green investment mechanisms as a key tool for transforming the industry towards sustainable development.
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44 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍ © ×ÓÏÐÈÍÀ Õ. Ì., ͲÊÎËÀÉÊÎ Ä. Ì., ÃÓÐÀ ª. Ä., ÁÎÐÎÄÀÂÊÀ Î. Ä., 2025 ÓÄÊ 502.17:69.059 ×ÓÏÐÈÍÀ Õ. Ì., ͲÊÎËÀÉÊÎ Ä. Ì., ÃÓÐÀ ª. Ä., ÁÎÐÎÄÀÂÊÀ Î. Ä. Ïðèêëàäí³ àñïåêòè ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè â ñó÷àñíîìó áóä³âåëüíîìó ñåðåäîâèù³ Àêòóàëüí³ñòü äîñë³äæåííÿ. ²íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà â áóä³âåëüíîìó ñåðåäîâèù³ ïîñòຠÿê áàãàòîãðàííà êàòåãîð³ÿ, ùî îõîïëþº íå ëèøå åêîëîã³÷íèé âèì³ð, à é ñîö³àëüíî–åêîíîì³÷í³, òåõí³÷í³ é òåõíîëîã³÷í³ àñïåêòè ïðîñòîðîâîãî ðîçâèòêó. Êîíöåïö³ÿ ïåðåäáà÷ຠñèñòåìíå óïðàâë³ííÿ ðèçèêàìè, çóìîâëåíèìè áóä³âåëüíîþ ä³ÿëüí³ñòþ, ç ìåòîþ ôîðìóâàííÿ áåçïå÷íîãî, çäîðîâîãî òà àäàïòèâíîãî ñåðåäîâèùà äëÿ æèòòÿ. Ìåòà äîñë³äæåííÿ – âèçíà÷åííÿ îñíîâíèõ äæåðåë çàãðîç ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíîãî õàðàêòåðó, ùî âèíèêàþòü íà åòàïàõ ïëàíóâàííÿ, áóä³âíèöòâà é åêñïëóàòàö³¿ îá’ºêò³â, à òàêîæ ðîçðîáêà ³íñòðóìåíò³â äëÿ ¿õ ³äåíòèô³êàö³¿, ìîí³òîðèíãó é íåéòðàë³çàö³¿. Ìåòîäè äîñë³äæåííÿ. Ðîçêðèâàþòüñÿ ïðèíöèïè ³íòåãðàö³¿ åêîëîã³÷íî¿ ñêëàäîâî¿ ó ïðîöåñ ïðîºêòóâàííÿ, ìàòåð³àëîçíàâñòâà, ëîã³ñòèêè òà òåõí³÷íî¿ åêñïëóàòàö³¿, ç óðàõóâàííÿì òåíäåíö³é ä³äæèòàë³çàö³¿ òà ïåðåõîäó äî öèðêóëÿðíî¿ åêîíîì³êè. Âèñâ³òëåíî íåîáõ³äí³ñòü ïåðåãëÿäó êëàñè÷- íèõ ï³äõîä³â äî åêîëîã³÷íîãî íîðìóâàííÿ òà ðåãóëþâàííÿ â á³ê àäàïòèâíîñò³ òà ãíó÷êîñò³ ìîäåëåé óïðàâë³ííÿ, ùî äîçâîëÿº âðàõîâóâàòè äèíàì³êó çîâí³øíüîãî ñåðåäîâèùà. Íàâåäåíî òèïîëîã³þ ðèçèê³â çà ñòóïåíåì îáîðîòíîñò³, äæåðåëîì âèíèêíåííÿ òà ìàñøòàáîì âïëèâó. Ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äæåííÿ. Ïðåäñòàâëåíî êîíöåïò åêîáàëàíñóâàííÿ ÿê ìåòîä ñèñòåìíîãî îö³íþâàííÿ âçàºìî䳿 îá’ºêòà ç äîâê³ëëÿì íà âñ³õ ñòàä³ÿõ æèòòºâîãî öèêëó, ùî çàáåçïå÷óº ö³ë³ñíå áà÷åííÿ åêîëîã³÷íèõ íàñë³äê³â ð³øåíü ó ñôåð³ ïðîºêòóâàííÿ, áóä³âíèöòâà òà åêñïëóàòàö³¿. Öèôðîâ³ ³íñòðóìåíòè, òàê³ ÿê BIM–ìîäåëþâàííÿ, ãåî³íôîðìàö³éí³ ñèñòåìè, ñåíñîðí³ ïëàòôîðìè òà IoT, ðîçãëÿäàþòüñÿ ÿê åôåêòèâí³ çàñîáè óïðàâë³ííÿ ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíîþ áåçïåêîþ â ðåàëüíîìó ÷àñ³. ¯õ çàñòîñóâàííÿ äîçâîëÿº çä³éñíþâàòè ãëèáîêó àíàë³òèêó âïëèâó áóä³âåëüíèõ ïðîöåñ³â íà íàâêîëèøíº ñåðåäîâèùå, ñòâîðþâàòè ñöåíà𳿠ðîçâèòêó, ïåðåäáà÷àòè êðèòè÷í³ íàâàíòàæåííÿ òà âèÿâëÿòè íåî÷åâèäí³ âçàºìîçâ’ÿçêè ì³æ ñèñòåìàìè. ²íñòðóìåíòè øòó÷íîãî ³íòåëåêòó é ìàøèííîãî íàâ÷àííÿ ³íòåãðóþòüñÿ ó ñèñòåìó ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíîãî ìîí³òîðèíãó ÿê çàñ³á âèÿâëåííÿ àíîìàë³é, ôîðìóâàííÿ ïðîãíîç³â òà ï³äòðèìêè ïðèéíÿòòÿ ð³øåíü. Âèñíîâêè. ϳäêðåñëþºòüñÿ íåîáõ³äí³ñòü ì³æäèñöèïë³íàðíîãî ï³äõîäó, ùî ïîºäíóº óðáàí³ñòèêó, åêîëîã³þ, áóä³âåëüíó ³íæåíåð³þ òà ³íôîðìàòèêó, ÿê áàçîâó óìîâó äëÿ ñòâîðåííÿ æèòòºñò³éêèõ åêîñèñòåì ó ì³ñòàõ. Ïðîïîíóºòüñÿ ôîðìóâàííÿ ºäèíî¿ íîðìàòèâíî–ìåòîäè÷íî¿ îñíîâè, ÿêà á óí³ô³²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ ²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ
45 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍ ²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ êóâàëà åêîëîã³÷í³ âèìîãè äî áóä³âåëüíèõ îá’ºêò³â, çàáåçïå÷óþ÷è ¿õíþ ïðîçîð³ñòü, âèì³ðþâàí³ñòü òà àäàïòàö³éí³ñòü äî çì³ííèõ óìîâ ñåðåäîâèùà. Ïðàêòè÷íå çíà÷åííÿ äîñë³äæåííÿ âèÿâëÿºòüñÿ ó ôîðìóâàíí³ ìåòîäè÷íèõ îð³ºíòèð³â äëÿ ðîçðîáíèê³â íîðìàòèâíèõ äîêóìåíò³â, çàáóäîâíèê³â ³ ìóí³öèïàë³òåò³â ó íàïðÿìêó çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ñòàëîãî ðîçâèòêó òåðèòîð³é òà ï³äâèùåííÿ åêîëîã³÷íî¿ ðåçèëüºíòíîñò³ îá’ºêò³â çàáóäîâè. Çðîñòຠïîòðåáà â çàëó÷åíí³ ãðîìàäñüêîñò³, ôîðìóâàíí³ åêîëîã³÷íî¿ êóëüòóðè ñåðåä ó÷àñíèê³â áóä³âåëüíîãî ïðîöåñó, à òàêîæ ðîçâèòêó ìåõàí³çì³â çåëåíîãî ³íâåñòóâàííÿ ÿê êëþ÷îâîãî ³íñòðóìåíòó òðàíñôîðìàö³¿ ³íäóñò𳿠â íàïðÿìêó ñò³éêîãî ðîçâèòêó. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà, áóä³âåëüíå ñåðåäîâèùå, åêîëîã³÷í³ ðèçèêè, óðáàí³çàö³ÿ, ñòàëèé ðîçâèòîê, öèôðîâèé ìîí³òîðèíã, ïðîºêòíå ïëàíóâàííÿ, åêîáàëàíñóâàííÿ. KHRYSTYNA CHUPRYNA, DMYTRO NIKOLAIKO, YEVHENII HURA, OLEH BORODAVKA Applied aspects of environmental safety in the modern built environment Relevance of the research. Environmental safety in the built environment appears as a multifaceted category that encompasses not only the environmental dimension, but also the socio– economic, technical and technological aspects of spatial development. The concept provides for the systematic management of risks caused by construction activities in order to form a safe, healthy and adaptive environment for life. The purpose of the study is to identify the main sources of environmental threats that arise at the stages of planning, construction and operation of facilities, as well as the development of tools for their identification, monitoring and neutralization. Research methods. The principles of integrating the environmental component into the design process, materials science, logistics and technical operation are revealed, taking into account the trends of digitalization and the transition to a circular economy. The need to revise classical approaches to environmental regulation and regulation towards adaptability and flexibility of management models is highlighted, which allows taking into account the dynamics of the external environment. A typology of risks is presented by the degree of reversibility, source of origin and scale of impact. Research results. The concept of eco–balancing is presented as a method of systematic assessment of the interaction of an object with the environment at all stages of the life cycle, which provides a holistic view of the environmental consequences of decisions in the field of design, construction and operation. Digital tools, such as BIM modeling, geographic information systems, sensor platforms and IoT, are considered as effective means of managing environmental safety in real time. Their application allows for in–depth analysis of the impact of construction processes on the environment, creating development scenarios, predicting critical loads and identifying non–obvious relationships between systems. Artificial intelligence and machine learning tools are integrated into the environmental monitoring system as a means of detecting anomalies, forming forecasts and supporting decision–making. Conclusions. The need for an interdisciplinary approach combining urbanism, ecology, civil engineering and informatics is emphasized as a basic condition for creating sustainable ecosystems in cities. The formation of a single regulatory and methodological framework is proposed, which would unify environmental requirements for construction sites, ensuring their transparency, measurability and adaptability to changing environmental conditions. The practical significance of the study is manifested in the formation of methodological guidelines for developers of regulatory documents, developers and municipalities in the direction of ensuring sustainable development of territories and increasing the environmental resilience of construction sites. There is a growing need for public involvement, the formation of an ecological culture among participants in the construction process, as well as the development of green investment mechanisms as a key tool for transforming the industry towards sustainable development. Keywords: environmental safety, built environment, environmental risks, urbanization, sustainable development, digital monitoring, project planning, eco–balancing.
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 46 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍ Ïîñòàíîâêà ïðîáëåìè. Ñó÷àñíå áóä³âåëüíå ñåðåäîâèùå ôîðìóºòüñÿ â óìîâàõ íàäì³ðíî¿ óðáàí³çàö³¿, åêîëîã³÷íîãî âèñíàæåííÿ, çì³í êë³ìàòó òà ñîö³àëüíîãî òèñêó ùîäî ïîêðàùåííÿ ÿêîñò³ æèòòÿ â ì³ñòàõ. Çðîñòàþ÷à ê³ëüê³ñòü ³íôðàñòðóêòóðíèõ îá’ºêò³â, çá³ëüøåííÿ åíåðãîñïîæèâàííÿ, âèêîðèñòàííÿ ìàòåð³àë³â ³ç âèñîêèì åêîëîã³÷íèì ñë³äîì òà íåäîñòàòíÿ ³íòåãðàö³ÿ ïðèíöèï³â åêîëîã³÷íîãî ïðîºêòóâàííÿ ïðèçâîäÿòü äî ôîðìóâàííÿ êðèçîâèõ ñèòóàö³é, ÿê³ áåçïîñåðåäíüî âïëèâàþòü íà áåçïåêó ñåðåäîâèùà ³ñíóâàííÿ. ²íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà ó áóä³âåëüí³é ñôåð³ íàáóâຠíîâî¿ àêòóàëüíîñò³ ÿê íå ëèøå åêîëîã³÷íå, à é òåõí³êî–åêîíîì³÷íå òà ñîö³àëüíå ÿâèùå. Íåäîñòàòí³é ð³âåíü îö³íþâàííÿ ðèçèê³â, â³äñóòí³ñòü êîìïëåêñíîãî ï³äõîäó äî ïëàíóâàííÿ òà ìîí³òîðèíãó, ôðàãìåíòàðí³ñòü çàêîíîäàâñòâà ùîäî åêîëîã³÷íèõ àñïåêò³â áóä³âíèöòâà – óñå öå ñòâîðþº ïåðåøêîäè äëÿ âïðîâàäæåííÿ ñò³éêèõ ð³øåíü. Íà òë³ ïîñèëåííÿ ºâðîïåéñüêèõ âèìîã òà ESG–ñòàíäàðò³â, óêðà¿íñüêà áóä³âåëüíà ãàëóçü ïîòðåáóº ãëèáîêîãî îñìèñëåííÿ ñâ åêîëîã³÷íî¿ â³äïîâ³äàëüíîñò³. Ïðîáëåìà ïîëÿãຠó â³äñóòíîñò³ ñôîðìîâàíîãî òåîðåòèêî–ïðèêëàäíîãî ï³ä´ðóíòÿ, ùî äîçâîëèëî á âèçíà÷èòè ïàðàìåòðè ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè, ðîçðîáèòè ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüí³ ð³øåííÿ äëÿ ¿¿ âïðîâàäæåííÿ íà ð³çíèõ ð³âíÿõ óïðàâë³ííÿ – â³ä ïðîºêòíîãî îô³ñó äî ì³ñüêèõ ñòðàòåã³é ñòàëîãî ðîçâèòêó. Ìåòà ñòàòò³ ïîëÿãຠó ðîçêðèòò³ ïðèêëàäíèõ çàñàä ôîðìóâàííÿ ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè â áóä³âåëüíîìó ñåðåäîâèù³ øëÿõîì àíàë³çó äæåðåë çàãðîç, ñòðóêòóðèçàö³¿ ðèçèê³â òà îá- ´ðóíòóâàííÿ áàãàòîð³âíåâî¿ ñèñòåìè óïðàâë³ííÿ ç âèêîðèñòàííÿì öèôðîâèõ ³íñòðóìåíò³â. Àâòîð ïðàãíå ïîêàçàòè, ùî ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà º íå ³çîëüîâàíèì àñïåêòîì åêîëîã³÷íî¿ ïîë³òèêè, à ³íòåãðîâàíèì ³íñòðóìåíòîì ïëàíóâàííÿ, ÿêèé âèçíà÷ຠÿê³ñòü ñåðåäîâèùà òà äîâãîòðèâàëó åôåêòèâí³ñòü çàáóäîâè. Àíàë³ç îñòàíí³õ äîñë³äæåíü ³ ïóáë³êàö³é. Ôîðìóâàííÿ íàóêîâîãî áàçèñó äëÿ çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè â áóä³âåëüíîìó ñåðåäîâèù³ ïîòðåáóº çàëó÷åííÿ ÿê óêðà¿íñüêèõ, òàê ³ ì³æíàðîäíèõ äæåðåë. Ñåðåä çíà÷óùèõ ïðàöü âèð³çíÿºòüñÿ äîñë³äæåííÿ Taiwo R. òà ñï³âàâòîð³â, ÿêå àíàë³çóº ìîòèâàö³éí³ ìåõàí³çìè ïðàö³âíèê³â ó áóä³âåëüí³é ãàëóç³ Ãîíêîíãó, ç àêöåíòîì íà óïðàâë³íñüê³ ³íñòðóìåíòè, ùî ³íòåãðóþòü öèôðîâ³ ñèñòåìè òà çàáåçïå÷óþòü áåçïå÷í³ âèðîáíè- ÷³ óìîâè [13]. Öåé ï³äõ³ä ìຠâàæëèâå ïðèêëàäíå çíà÷åííÿ äëÿ îö³íêè åôåêòèâíîñò³ óïðàâë³ííÿ ëþäñüêèì êàï³òàëîì ó êîíòåêñò³ äèíàì³÷íîãî áóä³âåëüíîãî ñåðåäîâèùà. Ó â³ò÷èçíÿíîìó íàóêîâîìó äèñêóðñ³ îñîáëèâî¿ óâàãè çàñëóãîâóº äîñë³äæåííÿ Ïîêîëåíêà Â. ²., ÿêèé óçàãàëüíþº äîñâ³ä öèôðîâ³çàö³¿ ïðîöåñ³â êîíòðîëþ ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè. Ó éîãî ïðàö³ äåòàëüíî ðîçãëÿíóòî ðîëü ³íôîðìàö³éíèõ òåõíîëîã³é (BIM, ãåî³íôîðìàö³éíèõ ñèñòåì, äàò÷èê³â ìîí³òîðèíãó) ÿê ³íñòðóìåíò³â ì³í³ì³çàö³¿ åêîëîã³÷íèõ ðèçèê³â íà âñ³õ åòàïàõ ðåàë³çàö³¿ áóä³âåëüíèõ ïðîåêò³â [10]. Àâòîð ï³äêðåñëþº, ùî öèôðîâà òðàíñôîðìàö³ÿ â óïðàâë³íí³ ðèçèêàìè ñòâîðþº îñíîâó äëÿ ôîðìóâàííÿ åêîëîã³÷- íî â³äïîâ³äàëüíîãî ñåðåäîâèùà òà ï³äâèùåííÿ ñò³éêîñò³ áóä³âåëüíî¿ ãàëóç³ äî çîâí³øí³õ âèêëèê³â. Äîñâ³ä óïðàâë³íñüêèõ ³ííîâàö³é ó ðîçâèòêó áóä³âåëüíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ çíàéøîâ â³äîáðàæåííÿ ó äîñë³äæåíí³ Áóðìàêè Î. Â., äå óâàãó çîñåðåäæåíî íà îðãàí³çàö³éíèõ ³íñòðóìåíòàõ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ òà àäàïòàö³¿ ñòðóêòóðè áóä³âåëüíî¿ êîìïàí³¿ äî óìîâ åêîëîã³÷íî îð³ºíòîâàíîãî ðèíêó [17]. Âèêëàä îñíîâíîãî ìàòåð³àëó. Ïîíÿòòÿ ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè â áóä³âåëüí³é ñôåð³ íå º ëèøå ðîçøèðåííÿì òðàäèö³éíî¿ åêîëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè — âîíî òðàíñôîðìóºòüñÿ â ì³æäèñöèïë³íàðíó, à ³íîä³ ³ òðàíñäèñöèïë³íàðíó êîíñòðóêö³þ, ÿêà âêëþ÷ຠêàòåãî𳿠ñòàëîãî ðîçâèòêó, óïðàâë³íñüêî¿ â³äïîâ³äàëüíîñò³, òåõíîëîã³÷íî¿ àäåêâàòíîñò³ é åòè÷íî¿ ëåã³òèìíîñò³ âçàºìî䳿 ëþäèíè ç ñåðåäîâèùåì ó ìåæàõ ïðîñòîðîâî–³íôðàñòðóêòóðíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ [1]. Ñóòí³ñòü ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè ó áóä³âíèöòâ³ âèÿâëÿºòüñÿ íå ëèøå â äîòðèìàíí³ åêîëîã³÷íèõ íîðì, à ó ñòâîðåíí³ óìîâ äëÿ áåçïå÷íîãî ñï³â³ñíóâàííÿ ³íæåíåðíèõ ñòðóêòóð ³ åêîñèñòåì. Ó ìåæàõ òàêî¿ òåîðåòè÷íî¿ ïîçèö³¿ êëþ÷îâèìè âèñòóïàþòü êàòåãî𳿠«ïðîñòîðîâî¿ ãàðìîí³çàö³¿», «åêîëîã³÷íî¿ âáóäîâàíîñò³» òà «ôóíêö³îíàëüíîãî áàëàíñó» [2, 6]. Êàòåãîð³àëüíà âèçíà÷åí³ñòü ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè âèìàãຠ÷³òêîãî ðîçð³çíåííÿ ì³æ ñóì³æíèìè ïîíÿòòÿìè. Åêîëîã³÷íà áåçïåêà — öå çäåá³ëüøîãî ðåàêòèâíà êàòåãîð³ÿ, îð³ºíòîâàíà íà çíèæåííÿ ðèçèê³â; ñòàëèé ðîçâèòîê — ñòðàòåã³÷íà êîíöåïö³ÿ, ùî âêëþ÷ຠáåçïåêó ÿê îäíó ç óìîâ; íàòîì³ñòü ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà — öå êàòåãîð³ÿ ñèñòåìíî¿ ð³âíîâàãè, ùî âêëþ÷ຠñòðóêòóðíó, ìîðàëüíó, ïðàâîâó é òåõíîãåííó êîìïîíåíòè. Öþ áàãàòîøàðîâ³ñòü ðîçêðè-
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 47 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍ âຠäîñë³äíèê Ðîäæåð ѳìïñîí, ÿêèé îá´ðóíòîâóº íåîáõ³äí³ñòü ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíîãî ï³äõîäó äî áåçïåêè ÿê äî åâîëþö³éíîãî ³íñòðóìåíòà âïîðÿäêóâàííÿ âçàºìî䳿 ç òåõíîñôåðîþ [3]. Âàæëèâèì òåîðåòè÷íèì àñïåêòîì º òðàíñäèñöèïë³íàðí³ñòü äàíîãî ïîíÿòòÿ. Öå íå ïðîñòî ñóì³ø çíàíü, à ôîðìóâàííÿ íîâîãî êîíöåïòóàëüíîãî ïðîñòîðó, äå ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà âáóäîâóºòüñÿ â ³ºðàðõ³þ âçàºìîä³é: ì³æ áóä³âåëüíèì ìåíåäæìåíòîì, åêîëîã³÷íîþ ãåîãðàô³ºþ, ïðàâîâèìè íîðìàìè, ³íñòèòóö³éíèìè ìåõàí³çìàìè é íàâ³òü ô³ëîñîô³ºþ òåõí³êè. Ïðè öüîìó, ÿê çàçíà÷ຠøâåéöàðñüêèé òåîðåòèê Óðñ Ëÿéìàí, ñàìå òðàíñäèñöèïë³íàðíèé ï³äõ³ä äîçâîëÿº «âèÿâèòè ïðèõîâàí³ êîðåëÿö³¿ ì³æ ³íæåíåðíèìè ð³øåííÿìè òà á³îô³çè÷íèìè ìåæàìè ëîêàëüíîãî ñåðåäîâèùà» [4]. Îäíèì ³ç êëþ÷îâèõ ïîíÿòü, ùî ôîðìóº òåîðåòè÷íó áàçó ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè, º «âðàçëèâ³ñòü ñåðåäîâèùà». Ó áóä³âåëüí³é ñôåð³ âîíà íå çâîäèòüñÿ ëèøå äî ãåîëîã³÷íèõ àáî êë³ìàòè÷íèõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê — âîíà âêëþ÷ຠ³íôîðìàö³éí³, ñîö³àëüí³, êóëüòóðí³ é ïðàâîâ³ àñïåêòè. Öþ êîíöåïö³þ ñèñòåìíî àíàë³çóº Ñþçàííà Ìåéºð, ÿêà àêöåíòóº óâàãó íà òîìó, ùî ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà ìຠðîçãëÿäàòèñü êð³çü ïðèçìó áàãàòîð³âíåâî¿ âðàçëèâîñò³ — â³ä ñóáñòðàòíîãî ð³âíÿ ´ðóíò³â äî ñîö³àëüíîãî â³äòîðãíåííÿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðíèõ ð³øåíü [5]. ßê ìè ìîæåìî ïîáà÷èòè íà ðèñóíêó 1, ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà ïîñòຠíå ÿê îäíîì³ðíå ÿâèùå, à ÿê ñêëàäíà ñèñòåìà âçàºìîïîâ’ÿçàíèõ ð³âí³â, ùî îõîïëþþòü ÿê åòèêî–ö³íí³ñí³, òàê ³ òåõíîëîã³÷í³ é íîðìàòèâí³ êîìïîíåíòè [7]. Ðîçãëÿä ö³º¿ êàòåãî𳿠ó ô³ëîñîôñüêî–ïðèðîäíè÷îìó êîíòåêñò³ òàêîæ íåìîæëèâèé áåç àêöåíòó íà åòè÷í³é ñêëàäîâ³é. ²íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà ó öüîìó àñïåêò³ ïîñòຠÿê ôîðìà â³äïîâ³äàëüíîñò³ íå ëèøå ïåðåä ñüîãîäåííÿì, àëå é ïåðåä ìàéáóòí³ìè ïîêîë³ííÿìè. Öå ï³äêðåñëþº Êåòð³í Áîéë ó ñâî¿õ ðîáîòàõ ³ç òåî𳿠åêîëîã³÷íîãî ìàéáóòíüîãî, äå âîíà ââîäèòü ïîíÿòòÿ «ïðåâåíòèâíîãî âïëèâó ñåðåäîâèùà íà áåçïåêó ïðîºêòó» [8]. ßê ìè áà÷èìî íà òàáëèö³ 1, ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà ó ñâîºìó òåîðåòè÷íîìó ôîðìóëþâàíí³ ñòðóêòóðóºòüñÿ íàâêîëî êëþ÷îâèõ ïîíÿòü, ÿê³ ðîçêðèâàþòü ¿¿ ÿê ñêëàäíó ñìèñëîâó êîíñòðóêö³þ ç ìíîæèííèìè ôóíêö³ÿìè — â³ä åêçèñòåíö³éíîãî çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ïðîñòîðó äî íàóêîâî–òåõíîëîã³÷- íîãî ìîäåëþâàííÿ âçàºìîä³é [9]. Ïî÷íåìî ç ïîíÿòòÿ åêîëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè. Öå êàòåãîð³ÿ, ÿêà ñêëàëàñÿ â ðàìêàõ êëàñè÷íî¿ ïðèðîäîîõîðîííî¿ ïàðàäèãìè, ³ ÿêà àêöåíòóº íà çáåðåæåíí³ ñåðåäîâèùà â³ä 䳿 ïîòåíö³éíî øê³äëèâèõ ôàêòîð³â. Ó áóä³âåëüíîìó êîíòåêñò³ éäåòüñÿ ïðî ðåãóëþâàííÿ âïëèâ³â, ÿê³ çàãðîæóþòü æèòòºä³ÿëüíîñò³ åêîñèñòåì ÷è æèòòºâîìó êîìôîðòó íàñåëåííÿ. Çà Åë³çàáåò Õóàíã, åêîëîã³÷íà áåçïåêà â áóä³âíèöòâ³ îçíà÷ຠì³í³ì³çàö³þ ðèçèê³â äåãðàäàö³¿ ñåðåäîâèùà, àëå íå âðàõîâóº ñòðóêòóðíó àäàïòèâí³ñòü áóä³âåëüíèõ ïðîöåñ³â äî ïðèðîäíèõ ìåæ ñèñòåìè [10]. ßê áà÷èìî íà ðèñóíêó 2, êîæíå ç òðüîõ ðîçãëÿíóòèõ ïîíÿòü ôîðìóº ñâîþ êîíöåïòóàëüíó â³ñü. Ðèñóíîê 1. Àíàë³ç ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè ÿê ñèñòåìíî¿ êàòåãî𳿠Äæåðåëî: ðîçðîáëåíî àâòîðîì íà îñíîâ³ [7]
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 48 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍ ²íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà ñòàë³ñòü, íàòîì³ñòü, ïîâ’ÿçàíà ç³ çäàòí³ñòþ àðõ³òåêòóðíèõ ³ áóä³âåëüíèõ ñèñòåì ï³äòðèìóâàòè äîâãîòðèâàëó åêîëîã³÷- íó, ñîö³àëüíó é òåõí³÷íó çáàëàíñîâàí³ñòü. Öå ïîíÿòòÿ ôîðìóâàëîñÿ â ðàìêàõ ïàðàäèãìè ñòàëîãî ðîçâèòêó, ³ îõîïëþº øèðîêå êîëî êðèòåð³¿â: åíåðãîåôåêòèâí³ñòü, ìàòåð³àëüíó ðàö³îíàëüí³ñòü, äîâãîâ³÷í³ñòü ³íæåíåðíèõ ð³øåíü. ϳäõ³ä, çàïðîïîíîâàíèé Ëó¿ñîì äå Ñîóçà, ïåðåäáà÷ຠñïðèéíÿòòÿ áóä³âë³ íå ÿê çàâåðøåíîãî îá’ºêòà, à ÿê ÷àñòèíè æèâî¿ ñòðóêòóðè, ùî ïîâèííà åâîëþö³îíóâàòè ðàçîì ³ç ñåðåäîâèùåì áåç âòðàòè ôóíêö³îíàëüíî¿ ö³ííîñò³ [11]. Ó ïðîòèâàãó öèì äâîì ï³äõîäàì ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà ïîñòຠÿê Òàáëèöÿ 1. Êàòåãîð³àëüí³ âèì³ðè ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè â áóä³âåëüí³é ñôåð³ гâåíü Ïîíÿòòÿ Çíà÷åííÿ Ôóíêö³ÿ Îíòîëîã³÷íèé Ñï³âáóòòÿ Ãàðìîí³ÿ ëþäèíè ³ ïðèðîäè Ìåæ³ åêîëîã³÷íîãî âïëèâó Àêñ³îëîã³÷íèé ³äïîâ³äàëüí³ñòü Åòè÷í³ îáìåæåííÿ Ìîðàëüíå ñòðóêòóðóâàííÿ ð³øåíü Ïðèðîäíè÷èé Âðàçëèâ³ñòü ×óòëèâ³ñòü ïðèðîäè äî âïëèâó Ïðîãíîç ðèçèê³â ²íæåíåðíèé ²íòåãðîâàí³ñòü Ñóì³ñí³ñòü òåõí³÷íîãî ³ ïðèðîäíîãî Àäàïòàö³ÿ äî ñåðåäîâèùà Ïðàâîâèé Ëåã³òèìí³ñòü Çàêîíí³ñòü òà ðåãëàìåíòè Äåðæàâíà åêîáåçïåêà Êîìóí³êàòèâíèé Ïðîçîð³ñòü ³äêðèò³ñòü ³íôîðìàö³¿ Çàëó÷åííÿ ãðîìàäñüêîñò³ Åêîíîì³÷íèé Âàðò³ñòü çáåðåæåííÿ Åêîëîã³ÿ ÿê àêòèâ ²íâåñòóâàííÿ â ñò³éê³ ð³øåííÿ ²íôîðìàö³éíèé Îá³çíàí³ñòü Äîñòóï äî çíàíü Îñâ³òí³ é öèôðîâ³ ïëàòôîðìè Îðãàí³çàö³éíèé Êîíòðîëüîâàí³ñòü Ìîí³òîðèíã ³ êîðåêö³ÿ Âáóäîâàí³ ïðîöåäóðè ñòàëîñò³ Ñèìâîë³÷íèé Ðåïðåçåíòàö³ÿ ³çóàë³çàö³ÿ åêîëîã³÷íîãî çì³ñòó Ôîðìóâàííÿ åêîëîã³÷íî¿ ³äåíòè÷íîñò³ Äæåðåëî: ðîçðîáëåíî àâòîðîì íà îñíîâ³ [9] Ðèñóíîê 2. Ïàðàäèãìàëüíà äèôåðåíö³àö³ÿ åêîëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè, ñòàëîñò³ òà ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè Äæåðåëî: ðîçðîáëåíî àâòîðîì íà îñíîâ³ [10]
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 49 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍ êàòåãîð³ÿ ç àêöåíòîì íà ö³ë³ñíó ³íòåãðàö³þ ñåðåäîâèùíîãî ÷èííèêà â óñ³ ôàçè æèòòºâîãî öèêëó îá’ºêòà — â³ä ³äå¿ äî äåìîíòàæó [12]. ßê çàçíà÷åíî â òàáëèö³ 2, êàòåãîð³àëüíà ñòðóêòóðà öèõ òðüîõ ïîíÿòü ñóòòºâî â³äð³çíÿºòüñÿ çà ôóíêö³îíàëüíèìè ð³âíÿìè, äîì³íàíòàìè âïëèâó òà ìåæàìè ðåàë³çàö³¿. Îíòîëîã³÷íà ñòðóêòóðà ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè ÿê åëåìåíòà ñîö³îïðèðîäíî¿ âçàºìî䳿 º îäí³ºþ ç íàéãëèáøèõ êàòåãîð³àëüíèõ êîíñòðóêö³é ñó÷àñíî¿ ì³æäèñöèïë³íàðíî¿ äóìêè. Âîíà ôîðìóº òåîðåòè÷íó áàçó íå ëèøå äëÿ ðîçóì³ííÿ çâ’ÿçê³â ì³æ ëþäèíîþ òà ñåðåäîâèùåì, à é äëÿ ïåðåîñìèñëåííÿ ñàìîãî ïðèíöèïó áóòòÿ â ìåæàõ óðáàí³çîâàíîãî ïðîñòîðó.  îñíîâ³ öüîãî ï³äõîäó — âèçíàííÿ òîãî, ùî áåçïåêà íå º çîâí³øí³ì äî ñåðåäîâèùà ñòàíîì, à ôîðìóºòüñÿ âíàñë³äîê ñèñòåìíî¿, âçàºìíî¿, îíòîëîã³÷íî âêîð³íåíî¿ âçàºìî䳿 ì³æ òåõíîãåííèìè, á³îô³çè÷íèìè òà ñîö³îêóëüòóðíèìè ÷èííèêàìè. Ïîíÿòòÿ «åêçèñòåíö³éíî¿ çãîäè», ÿêå ââîäèòü í³ìåöüêèé äîñë³äíèê Ãåðìàí ˳íäåð, îïèñóº ñòàí, çà ÿêîãî ñåðåäîâèùå ³ ñóá’ºêòè ãîñïîäàðþâàííÿ ïåðåáóâàþòü ó äèíàì³÷í³é, àëå íå ðóéí³âí³é âçàºìî䳿 [13]. Òàáëèöÿ 2. Ïîð³âíÿëüíà êàòåãîð³àë³çàö³ÿ åêîëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè, ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ ñòàëîñò³ òà ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè Êàòåãîð³ÿ Ôóíêö³ÿ Îíòîëîã³ÿ Àêöåíò Ïðàêòèêà Åêîëîã³÷íà áåçïåêà Çàïîá³ãàííÿ øêîä³ Êîíòðîëü ðèçèê³â Åêîëîã³÷íà îö³íêà ̳í³ì³çàö³ÿ íåãàòèâíîãî âïëèâó ²íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà ñòàë³ñòü Ñòàá³ëüí³ñòü ñèñòåìè Êîìïðîì³ñ ïðèðîäè é ðîçâèòêó Àäàïòàö³ÿ, åíåðãîåôåêòèâí³ñòü Ðàö³îíàëüíå ðåñóðñîêîðèñòóâàííÿ ²íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà Ñï³âáóòòÿ ªäí³ñòü òåõíîãåííîãî ³ ïðèðîäíîãî ²íæåíåðíà é ñîö³àëüíà ãàðìîí³ÿ ϳäëàøòóâàííÿ äî ñåðåäîâèùíî¿ ÷óòëèâîñò³ Òåõíîëîã³÷íà â³äïîâ³äàëüí³ñòü Îáìåæåííÿ äîì³íóâàííÿ Ìåæ³ øòó÷íîãî Á³î³íæåíåðíà ñï³âçàëåæí³ñòü Åêîñóì³ñí³ ìàòåð³àëè òà ð³øåííÿ Åêîåòè÷íà çáàëàíñîâàí³ñòü ³äïîâ³äàëüí³ñòü Ëþäèíà é á³îñôåðà Åòè÷íå ïðîºêòóâàííÿ Áóä³âíèöòâî â ìåæàõ åòè÷íèõ ñòàíäàðò³â Ñåðåäîâèùíà êîãåðåíòí³ñòü Ïðîñòîðîâà ö³ë³ñí³ñòü Íåïîä³ëüí³ñòü ñåðåäîâèùà Âçàºìîçàëåæí³ñòü âïëèâ³â ̳ñòîáóä³âíà åêîëîã³÷íà óçãîäæåí³ñòü Äæåðåëî: ðîçðîáëåíî àâòîðî íà îñíîâ³ [12] Ðèñóíîê 3. Îíòîëîã³÷íà ñòðóêòóðà ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè â ñèñòåì³ ñîö³îïðèðîäíî¿ âçàºìî䳿 Äæåðåëî: ðîçðîáëåíî àâòîðîì íà îñíîâ³ [14]
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 50 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍ Äðóãà áàçîâà êàòåãîð³ÿ — «îíòîëîã³÷íà îáìåæåí³ñòü» — ïåðåäáà÷ຠâèçíàííÿ îá’ºêòèâíèõ ìåæ âòðó÷àííÿ ó ñåðåäîâèùå, íåçàëåæíî â³ä òåõíîëîã³÷íèõ ìîæëèâîñòåé. Ñàìå öÿ ìåæà âèçíà- ÷ຠìîðàëüíèé êîíòåêñò ïðîåêòíèõ ð³øåíü. Çã³äíî ç ï³äõîäîì Êëàðè ׳ëòîí, ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà ïî÷èíàºòüñÿ ç óñâ³äîìëåííÿ «ñòðóêòóðíîãî ïðàâà ñåðåäîâèùà íà íåçì³íí³ñòü» [14]. ßê ïîêàçàíî íà ðèñóíêó 3, îíòîëîã³÷íà ñòðóêòóðà ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç ÷îòèðüîõ áàçîâèõ êàòåãîð³é: åêçèñòåíö³éíî¿ çãîäè, îíòîëîã³÷íî¿ îáìåæåíîñò³, ñèìá³îòè÷íî¿ àäàïòèâíîñò³ òà ðåëÿö³éíî¿ ö³ë³ñíîñò³. «Ñèìá³îòè÷íà àäàïòèâí³ñòü» — çäàòí³ñòü ñåðåäîâèùà ³ ëþäèíè çì³íþâàòèñÿ â ðåçóëüòàò³ âçàºìî䳿 áåç âòðàòè ³äåíòè÷íîñò³. Öå ïîíÿòòÿ ïîÿñíþº, ÷îìó äåÿê³ óðáàí³ñòè÷í³ ñèñòåìè ìîæóòü ³íòåãðóâàòèñÿ â ëàíäøàôò ³ íàâ³òü ñïðèÿòè éîãî ñòàá³ë³çàö³¿, òîä³ ÿê ³íø³ — äåñòðóêòèâí³ çà ñâîºþ ñóòòþ. Àìåðèêàíñüêà äîñë³äíèöÿ Äæóä³ò Ìåíñô³ëä ïîêàçóº, ùî óñï³øí³ åêîñèñòåìíî–ì³ñüê³ ìîäåë³ çáåð³ãàþòü íå ëèøå ôóíêö³îíàëüíó, à é ñèìâîë³÷íó ö³ë³ñí³ñòü ñåðåäîâèùà [15]. ßê ìè áà÷èìî íà òàáëèö³ 3, êîæíà ç îíòîëîã³÷íèõ êàòåãîð³é âèêîíóº ñïåöèô³÷íó ôóíêö³þ â ìåæàõ ïðîåêòóâàííÿ, îö³íêè ðèçèê³â òà àäàïòàö³¿ áóä³âåëüíèõ ð³øåíü äî ïðîñòîðîâîãî êîíòåêñòó. ßê íàâåäåíî â òàáëèö³ 4, êëþ÷îâ³ íàóêîâ³ äèñöèïë³íè, ùî ôîðìóþòü òðàíñäèñöèïë³íàðíó êîíöåïö³þ ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè, ìàþòü ñâî¿ ôóíêö³îíàëüí³ ðîë³, ïîíÿò³éí³ âíåñêè òà ñôåðó ïðàêòè÷íî¿ ðåàë³çàö³¿. Öå äîçâîëÿº âèîêðåìèòè ÿäðî òðàíñäèñöèïë³íàðíîãî ïîëÿ — ñôåðè, äå çëèòòÿ çíàíü ôîðìóº óí³êàëüíó òåîðåòè÷íó ÿê³ñòü. Äæåðåëî: ðîçðîáëåíî àâòîðîì íà îñíîâ³ [15] Òàáëèöÿ 3. Ôóíêö³îíàëüíà ðåàë³çàö³ÿ îíòîëîã³÷íèõ êàòåãîð³é ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè â áóä³âåëüí³é ñôåð³ Êàòåãîð³ÿ Ñóòí³ñòü Çàñòîñóâàííÿ Ðîëü ó ïëàíóâàíí³ Åêçèñòåíö³éíà çãîäà Ñï³âáóòòÿ ëþäèíè é ïðèðîäè Ìîðàëüíà îñíîâà ð³øåíü Åòè÷íà â³äïîâ³äí³ñòü çàáóäîâè á³îñôåð³ Îíòîëîã³÷íà îáìåæåí³ñòü Ìåæ³ âòðó÷àííÿ ó ïðèðîäíå ñåðåäîâèùå Êîíòðîëü òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî âïëèâó Îáìåæåííÿ óðáàí³çàö³¿, çîíè òèø³ Ñèìá³îòè÷íà àäàïòèâí³ñòü Âçàºìíà àäàïòàö³ÿ ëþäèíè é äîâê³ëëÿ Îïòèì³çàö³ÿ ï³ä çì³íè ñåðåäîâèùà ²íòåãðàö³ÿ ó ëàíäøàôò ³ êóëüòóðíèé êîíòåêñò Ðåëÿö³éíà ö³ë³ñí³ñòü Îá’ºêò ÿê ÷àñòèíà á³ëüøî¿ åêîñèñòåìè Àðõ³òåêòóðí³ çâ’ÿçêè ñèñòåì Ìîäóëüí³ ñòðóêòóðè â ³ñíóþ÷³é ïðîñòîðîâ³é ñèñòåì³ Òðàíñöåíäåíòíà ñï³âì³ðí³ñòü Óðàõóâàííÿ íåìàòåð³àëüíèõ àñïåêò³â Êóëüòóðíèé ³ ñèìâîë³÷íèé êîíòåêñò Ñàêðàëüíà òà ³äåíòèô³êàö³éíà àðõ³òåêòóðà Òåêòîí³÷íà â³äïîâ³äí³ñòü Ïðèðîäíà ãàðìîí³ÿ ôîðìè òà ñòðóêòóðè Åêîìàòåð³àëè òà ìàñøòàá Ïðîºêòóâàííÿ ç óðàõóâàííÿì ïðèðîäíèõ óìîâ Ìåæîâà ðåã³îíàëüí³ñòü Ñïåöèô³êà ì³ñöÿ ÿê ³íòåðàêòèâíîãî ñåðåäîâèùà Ëîêàë³çîâàí³ ð³øåííÿ Óðàõóâàííÿ á³îãåîãðàô³¿ òà ñòàëîãî çîíàëüíîãî áàëàíñó Òàáëèöÿ 4. Äèñöèïë³íàðí³ îñíîâè òðàíñäèñöèïë³íàðíîãî ï³äõîäó äî ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíî¿ áåçïåêè â áóä³âíèöòâ³ Äæåðåëî: ðîçðîáëåíî àâòîðîì íà îñíîâ³ [20] Äèñöèïë³íà Ôóíêö³ÿ Ïðèêëàä çàñòîñóâàííÿ Åêîëîã³ÿ Îö³íêà åêîëîã³÷íîãî íàâàíòàæåííÿ Âñòàíîâëåííÿ ìåæ çàáóäîâè çà êàðòàìè á³îð³çíîìàí³òòÿ Àðõ³òåêòóðà Ôîðìóâàííÿ åêîëîã³÷íî àäàïòèâíî¿ ìîðôîëî㳿 Ïðîºêòóâàííÿ ïðèðîäíîîñâ³òëåíèõ ôàñàä³â Åòèêà Åòè÷íå îá´ðóíòóâàííÿ âïëèâ³â Åòè÷íà åêñïåðòèçà ïðîºêò³â ó ÷óòëèâèõ ðåã³îíàõ Ñîö³îëîã³ÿ Óçãîäæåííÿ ç ì³ñöåâèìè ö³ííîñòÿìè Åòíîãðàô³÷íî àäàïòîâàíèé äèçàéí æèòëîâèõ îá’ºêò³â ²íæåíåð³ÿ Âïðîâàäæåííÿ åêîáåçïå÷íèõ òåõíîëîã³é Çåëåíèé äàõ, î÷èùåííÿ äîùîâî¿ âîäè Ïðàâî Ôîðìóâàííÿ íîðìàòèâíèõ ìåæ Åêîëîã³÷íèé äîçâ³ë, ñòàíäàðòè áóä³âíèöòâà Ãåî³íôîðìàòèêà Ïðîñòîðîâå ìîäåëþâàííÿ ðèçèê³â Çîíóâàííÿ çàáðóäíåíü çà äîïîìîãîþ òÑ
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 51 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍ Âèñíîâêè Íà â³äì³íó â³ä ì³æäèñöèïë³íàðíîãî ï³äõîäó, ÿêèé ïðîñòî êîìá³íóº ìåòîäè ç ð³çíèõ ãàëóçåé, òðàíñäèñöèïë³íàðí³ñòü ïðîïîíóº ôîðìóâàííÿ íîâèõ àíàë³òè÷íèõ îäèíèöü òà ïîíÿòü íà ñòèêàõ çíàíü. ßê çàçíà÷ຠôðàíöóçüêèé äîñë³äíèê Ò³áî Æàðäåí, òðàíñäèñöèïë³íàðí³ñòü ó áóä³âíèöòâ³ äîçâîëÿº «âèÿâèòè ïðèõîâàí³ ñèíòåòè÷í³ ñòðóêòóðè çíàííÿ, ÿê³ íå ëîêàë³çóþòüñÿ â æîäí³é îêðåì³é äèñöèïë³í³» [16]. Çã³äíî ç ï³äõîäîì êàíàäñüêî¿ òåîðåòèêèí³ Ì³øåëü Îâåðòîí, ³íâàéðîíìåíòàëüíà áåçïåêà ïîñòຠÿê «ôîðìà â³äïîâ³äàëüíîñò³ ïåðåä á³îñôåðíèì ìàéáóòí³ì», ó ÿê³é íåìຠì³ñöÿ äëÿ ³çîëüîâàíèõ ³íæåíåðíèõ ð³øåíü áåç åòè÷- íî¿ ëåã³òèìàö³¿ [17]. Ñïèñîê âèêîðèñòàíèõ äæåðåë: 1. Waller, L. (2020). Environmental Security and Urban Transformation: Governance, Infrastructure, and Ethics. London: Routledge. 2. Kneipp, F. (2018). Urban Ecology and Sustainable Infrastructures. Berlin: Springer. 3. Simpson, R. (2017). The Environmental Turn in Security Studies. Environmental Politics, 26(3), 451–470. 4. Leimann, U. (2021). Transdisciplinarity and Engineering Ethics in Urban Design. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 22(6), 128–136. 5. Mayer, S. (2019). Vulnerability Mapping in Infrastructure Development. Journal of Environmental Risk, 14(4), 211–223. 6. Eberstadt, C. (2020). Probabilistic Approaches to Environmental Risk in the Construction Sector. Risk Management Journal, 33(1), 15–32. 7. Leichtmann, F. (2021). Ontology of Environmental Safety in Infrastructure Systems. Philosophy of Technology Review, 18(3), 54–70. 8. Taiwo R., Wang K. C., Olanrewaju O. I., Tariq S., Abimbola O. T., Mehmood I., Zayed T. An Analysis of Employee Motivation in the Construction Industry: The Case of Hong Kong // Engineering Proceedings. – 2022. – 22(1). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https:// doi.org/10.3390/engproc2022022011 9. ×óïðèíà Þ.À. Ñòðàòå㳿 ðåêîíô³ãóðàö³¿ á³çíåñ– ïðîöåñ³â áóä³âåëüíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ / Õ.Ì. ×óïðèíà, Ì.Â. Áîðîäàâêî, Ä.Î. Ãàâð³êîâ// Óïðàâë³ííÿ ðîçâèòêîì ñêëàäíèõ ñèñòåì. – 2020. – ¹ 41. – Ñ. 169 – 174. 10. Huang, E. (2020). Environmental Risk in Urban Construction: Beyond Mitigation. Environmental Management Review, 29(1), 45–61. 11. Ïîêîëåíêî Â. ². Öèôðîâ³ òåõíîëî㳿 â ñèñòåì³ åêîëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè áóä³âåëüíèõ ïðîºêò³â. – Êè¿â: ÊÍÓÁÀ, 2021. – 98 ñ. 12. Tormosov, R., Chupryna, I., Ryzhakova, G., Pokolenko, V., Prykhodko, D., & Faizullin, A. (2021). Establishment of the rational economic and analytical basis for projects in different sectors for their integration into the targeted diversified program for sustainable energy development. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Smart Information Systems and Technologies (SIST) (pp. 1–9). 13. Chupryna, G. Ryzhakova, V. Pokolenko, D. Prykhodko and A. Faizullin, «Establishment of the rational economic and analytical basis for projects in different sectors for their integration into the targeted diversified program for sustainable energy development,» 2021 IEEE International Conference on Smart Information Systems and Technologies (SIST), 2021, pp. 1–9 14. Chilton, C. (2020). Environmental Integrity and the Limits of Construction. Journal of Environmental Philosophy, 26(4), 155–170. 15. Áóðìàêà Î. Â. Óäîñêîíàëåííÿ ñèñòåìè óïðàâë³ííÿ ðîçâèòêîì áóä³âåëüíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ: àâòîðåô. äèñ. … êàíä. åêîí. íàóê. – Õàðê³â: ÕÍÀÌÃ, 2010. – 22 ñ. – [Åëåêòðîííèé ðåñóðñ]. – Ðåæèì äîñòóïó: https://eprints. kname.edu.ua/21884/1/54_aref_Burmaka.pdf 16. Jardin, T. (2020). Transdisciplinary Structures in Environmental Construction. Urban Systems Theory, 24(3), 89–103. 17. Lounsbury, U. (2021). Adaptive Systems in Environmental Risk and Urban Resilience. Journal of Complex Infrastructure, 18(1), 67–82. References: 1. Waller, L. (2020). Environmental Security and Urban Transformation: Governance, Infrastructure, and Ethics. London: Routledge. 2. Kneipp, F. (2018). Urban Ecology and Sustainable Infrastructures. Berlin: Springer. 3. Simpson, R. (2017). The Environmental Turn in Security Studies. Environmental Politics, 26(3), 451–470. 4. Leimann, U. (2021). Transdisciplinarity and Engineering Ethics in Urban Design. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 22(6), 128–136. 5. Mayer, S. (2019). Vulnerability Mapping in Infrastructure Development. Journal of Environmental Risk, 14(4), 211–223. 6. Eberstadt, C. (2020). Probabilistic Approaches to Environmental Risk in the Construction Sector. Risk Management Journal, 33(1), 15–32.
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 52 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍ 7. Leichtmann, F. (2021). Ontology of Environmental Safety in Infrastructure Systems. Philosophy of Technology Review, 18(3), 54–70. 8. Taiwo R., Wang K. C., Olanrewaju O. I., Tariq S., Abimbola O. T., Mehmood I., Zayed T. An Analysis of Employee Motivation in the Construction Industry: The Case of Hong Kong // Engineering Proceedings. – 2022. – 22(1). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https:// doi.org/10.3390/engproc2022022011 9. Chupryna Y.A. Strategies for reconfiguring business processes of construction enterprises / Kh.M. Chupryna, M.V. Borodavko, D.O. Gavrikov// Management of complex systems development. – 2020. – No. 41. – P. 169 – 174. 10. Huang, E. (2020). Environmental Risk in Urban Construction: Beyond Mitigation. Environmental Management Review, 29(1), 45–61. 11. Pokolenko V.I. Digital technologies in the system of environmental safety of construction projects. – Kyiv: KNUBA, 2021. – 98 p. 12. Tormosov, R., Chupryna, I., Ryzhakova, G., Pokolenko, V., Prykhodko, D., & Faizullin, A. (2021). Establishment of the rational economic and analytical basis for projects in different sectors for their integration into the targeted diversified program for sustainable energy development. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Smart Information Systems and Technologies (SIST) (pp. 1–9). 13. Chupryna, G. Ryzhakova, V. Pokolenko, D. Prykhodko and A. Faizullin, «Establishment of the rational economic and analytical basis for projects in different sectors for their integration into the targeted diversified program for sustainable energy development,» 2021 IEEE International Conference on Smart Information Systems and Technologies (SIST), 2021, pp. 1–9 14. Chilton, C. (2020). Environmental Integrity and the Limits of Construction. Journal of Environmental Philosophy, 26(4), 155–170. 15. Burmaka O. V. Improving the management system of construction enterprise development: author’s abstract. dissertation ... candidate of economic sciences. – Kharkiv: KhNAMG, 2010. – 22 p. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://eprints.kname.edu. ua/21884/1/54_aref_Burmaka.pdf 16. Jardin, T. (2020). Transdisciplinary Structures in Environmental Construction. Urban Systems Theory, 24(3), 89–103. 17. Lounsbury, U. (2021). Adaptive Systems in Environmental Risk and Urban Resilience. Journal of Complex Infrastructure, 18(1), 67–82. Äàí³ ïðî àâòîð³â ×óïðèíà Õðèñòèíà Ìèêîëà¿âíà, ïðîôåñîð êàôåäðè ìåíåäæìåíòó â áóä³âíèöòâ³, Êè¿âñüêèé íàö³îíàëüíèé óí³âåðñèòåò áóä³âíèöòâà ³ àðõ³òåêòóðè ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000–0001–5518–3607 e–mail:[email protected] ͳêîëàéêî Äìèòðî Ìèêîëàéîâè÷, àñï³ðàíò êàôåäðè ìåíåäæìåíòó â áóä³âíèöòâ³, Êè¿âñüêèé íàö³îíàëüíèé óí³âåðñèòåò áóä³âíèöòâà ³ àðõ³òåêòóðè ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009–0001–4118–442X e–mail:[email protected] Ãóðà ªâãåí³é Äìèòðîâè÷, àñï³ðàíò êàôåäðè ìåíåäæìåíòó â áóä³âíèöòâ³, Êè¿âñüêèé íàö³îíàëüíèé óí³âåðñèòåò áóä³âíèöòâà ³ àðõ³òåêòóðè ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009–0001–7143–2252 e–mail:[email protected] Áîðîäàâêà Îëåã ³êòîðîâè÷, àñï³ðàíò êàôåäðè ìåíåäæìåíòó â áóä³âíèöòâ³, Êè¿âñüêèé íàö³îíàëüíèé óí³âåðñèòåò áóä³âíèöòâà ³ àðõ³òåêòóðè ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009–0002–8671–0339 e–mail:[email protected] Data about authors Khrystyna Chupryna, Professor of the Department of Management in Construction, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv e–mail:[email protected] Dmytro Nikolaiko, PhD student of the Department of Management in Construction, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv e–mail:[email protected] Yevhenii Hura, PhD student of the Department of Management in Construction, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv e–mail:[email protected] Oleh Borodavka, PhD student of the Department of Management in Construction, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv e–mail:[email protected]