Bat Research News 1962

BAT BANDING NEWS Volume 3: Numbers 1–4 1962 Original Issues Compiled by Dr. Wayne H. Davis, Editor, of Bat Banding News The title Bat Banding News was published between 1960–1963 (Volumes 1 through 4). Beginning with Volume 5 in 1964, the title was changed to Bat Research News. Copyright Bat Research News. All rights reserved. This material is protected by copyright and may not be reproduced, transmitted, posted on a Web site or a listserve, or disseminated in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the Publisher. The article is for individual use only. Bat Research News is ISSN # 0005-6227. i BAT BANDING NEWS Table of Contents for Volume 3, 1962 Volume 3: Number 1, January 1962 Editor’s Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Loss of Our Bat Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Know Your Myotis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Bat Banding in Costa Rica, 1961 by R. B. Linsky and R. S. Casebeer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Annotated List of Active Bat Banders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Rabies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Trouble in Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Volume 3: Number 2, April 1962 Editor’s Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 How Reliable Are Our Recoveries? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Myotis grisescens in Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Tips on Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Know Your Bats - Myotis sodalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Here and There . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Recent Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 ii BAT BANDING NEWS Table of Contents for Volume 3, 1962 (cont.) Volume 3: Number 3, July 1962 Editor’s Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Here and There . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Banders’ Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Myotis grisescens of Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Bat Rabies in Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Recent Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Publish Cave Localities? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Who Banded the Most of What in 1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Speleobiology at the University of Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Volume 3: Number 4, October 1962 News & Chatter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Glop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Policy in Issuing Bat Bands by R. H. Manville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 New Recovery Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Here and There . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Recent Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Correspondence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 BBN Subscribers & Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Bat Destruction Now a Sport? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 News ls comlng 1n so rap-l-dly that things are falling behind, and f an eonsiderlng changlng to bl-roonthly. Cor.;:espondenee 1s ir:- creasingiy heavy and subscrip.- BAT BAr\DII{G N.OWS VOL. 3 Noo 1 EDITOR'S COLUiUIJ{ January, L962 eat terly: January, +pril, JuIy and Oct" Subscriptlon rate is ,pl.00 for two years" - li{ayne Ho Davls, Blology Dept", l":[iddlebury College, ivi1d.d1ebury. _Xernoon! tions are increasing" It is gettlng to be a blgger job to put together an lssue of the i'lews" f have decld,ed to rely more heavily on excerpts from letters to get the nelrs to readets. lviost notable new happenlng ls the new lnterest of health offlcials ln bats. Slnce the last lssuc was wrltten, I have had letters from pubJ"tc health off1c1als of Ore", il. Jo, Ont., and iviass. Dr. lMchcock has had correspondence wlth Vt. and N, Y. Several departnents and offlclals have subscribed to the I'iewso Soue of these correspondents are interested ln learntrg some'uhing about the ecology of thelr batsr, partlcularly movemen'i:s and nigratlon patterns of bats. They are allaraed about the rapld spread of rabies and the fact that we know so llttle about tbe hebits of these new vectorso A general thene in all these letters was the d.eslre to cooperate wlth banders in learning more about the bats. thls ls a most interestlng turn of events. P,'ior to L953 1t was difficult to get funds for researeh ln €cology of bats (physioLogy of hlbernation had become trlmportantrra few years before). Now t[ere ls rather urgent d.emand for such lnfornation.. Except f or -the Tadarld.a b1:asillqns1s of certaln eaves on tire Southwest, and ],lyotis luqlfdeus 6i-@ we Isiow almost nothlng about m.igratlonsffi lcan bats. I suspect that any well-planned sbudy of bat migratlon would be funded. by one of the federal of state granting agencies at this ti-ne c In tiris lssue I have a.n up-.to-date listing of active bat bandersr You will note that the llst is conslderably d.ifferent from last year. There ls too much turn o'\rer of bat band.€rso i'l-l" too often a person gets bands sinply bec*use of a passing curlosliy', it seens, this past year we have found a half d-ozen bats banccd by others in N" Y. and Ct. Upon reporting the nrmbers tol'/ashingt',r we were lnforned that these band.i had been i ssu.ed to Charles Roth and. to Doroth;r Rev1lle flve or ten years e.gor and. that tlrese ba"-rd.ers had never reported the data orr ihesc l'a"nd$o A nerv bat bander ls D:'. Ja.nes 1[" layner Blolog'r Dept", Univ. of Florlda" Gainesvi-l.lle. L{r wrL'r,es that h.e p}an.s i'o do some bandiirg to take ad.vantage of the severa-!. tri.ps a year he nakes to TadP.ri{a and Myotlg 1gg!ryLillai:}ltq_ eol-onleso He also hopes to get some dlta on the sumroer and l.rintcr aovenen[s o-f P.i'o1stre1lus, gubf]avut whi-ch would be of great interest bccause o.f the subsi''ecies situation ln his region, Although the standaro ,'i 2 bird banC shows promi se of being satlsfactory for bats, the sr.rirch for a better band continues. Dro Hltchcock has ordered foi tcr;t,ing some i2 bands with the ends rouaded. He has also taken lnterest ln mcnel metal bands, these would have the obvtous advantage that lt would. be much harder j or tne bat to chew off the lnscriptlon and numbers. However, a big aravrback ls that even the smallest ones cannot be closed easily with the flngers. Co I]l-lfcrnenber I had a c(]u.1rl-e ofncst l:tteresti ng exclursions to the nlnes ln the rr!/i:rity o:" --,ngs on, N, yo The lvlet Grotto of the NSs showed IDe a large mlne with 8, rr.loe population of bats, and the next weeh f returned to band them" Assisted by Dan Sniley, a subscriber and, blrd band.er from nearby Mohonk Laker wB banded. arooo bats. I was surprised that we found none of the bats banded ln summer coloni'es thls past summer'. In a vlsit to a Vt. cave .Hltchcock found Lt such bats, from four states, among a populatlon of about AOO. At the l{ingston mlne we had a most pecullar event. One of the bats i.n the retalnlng cage str<idenly became puffed wlth'air. One wing and the body skln became stretched tight" The wing was cyllndrlcal and the bod.y nearly spherical" i'Ie considered killing the poor creature, but declded to lay hin aside 1n hopes that he night recover. He thrasb.ed around helplessly, and I soon picked hln up agaln, I punctured h1s vrlng wlth a pencil" fnnediately the alr came out and the bat flsw off. I have never encountered such a thing before in banding over 7O'OO0 bats. Have you? f assume that a lung was punctured and leaked lnto the subcutaneous regionso I wlsh to devote a major part of thls lssue to a very serlous problen - the disappearanee of our eave bat populatlorrsr I have been puttlng this off for some tlne hoping that we could get our own no6es clean by elininatlng the band lnjury problen before starting on a campalgn to save the batso . LOSS OF OUii BAT POPULATTOI$S Several years ago l"fohr (NSs News, Nov. 19531 9,4) brought to our attentlon the fact that wlnterlng populatlons of bats vlere decreaslng, partlcularly ln Nen England. Since that tiine the loss of bats has been rapidi Several good coloaies have been destroyed and the trend corltlaues. We do not know what faetors are responslble for the loss of the bats. Most likely griesses are the following: Collecting for physlo1ogleal experlmentsu rabies testing, Il'Uaeun specimens, etc,; d.estructlon by vandals; disturbance by bat banders; and dlsturbance by nu&erous spelunkers" In. any case there ls need for action. I have sol1clted tlre help of the ldature Conservancy and the National Speleological Society 1n an attempt to save at ]east some of our bat eolonles. The followj-ng letter whlch f wrote to the lriature.'Conservancy on Oct. 20, 196L, wl1.i rc':ve to introd.uce the most lnnedlate problen: tAn unfortunate eombinatlon of events occurl.ng tn recent years nas led-ne to believe that eertaln specles of U, S. bats face exttnetloa lf lnterested pecple are r"ot able to do soroething to lnsure their protection. These events include: tire tremendous lnerease in the popularlty of spelunking wh.ich has taken place during the last ten years, ls st1Il accelerating, a:ri probably willcontlnue to do so; the dlscovery of rabies in bais; in the U. S, in L953 and its rapld bpread in bats throughout the states, along with fairly ex'bensive and ever 1ncreaslng publiclty; and the increased use of bats in a remarkably large variety of legitlmate scientific investigationso ttThe speeies for wl:ose survival I am concerned are: i{vqtii srisescens. Thi.s speci-es inhablts caves exclusivg}X both sutnmer and winter. Except for a few scattered lndtividuals, ih bordering states, the entlre population is found in the }arge caves of KV., Tenn., A14., lioo, and Ark" There they exlst by the hundreds of thousands and are fairly widely distributed among hundreds of caves ln sufirer. For a long ti-ne the winter quarters of thls species were unknown o sclence, Recent work by R, F. it'lyers has sholl"n, however, that the - * ai "lr L -f, 3' .entire Ozark population winters in 3 caves in lto., (paper glven at the '" 'neetings 9f the Amerlcan Soclety of ltam:aalogists"lat-Urbana, fl}., June'1961). .One of thes.e ls a comfiiercla.l cave and the new owner has I buitt an a.ir iald. shelter, ln tire cave' and wants to get r1d of tire bats. :\' A second. one is entered onfy via a }ong vertical dr6p, and until repently was only rarely enteled. by man. i{owever lt prbsents a cha}lange t0 the speleolog1st, and since the recent publication of a booh on the caves of irrio. has nade lts locatiotr readily available, lncreaslng numbers of people are gol'ng lnto'it, I{yers has begun negotiations per- . sond.l1y, to buy the eave, but its rapidly lncreasing popularity 1ed the owner to belleve it nust:be valuable, and the price'went beyond. re&sorlr -,the increase'in vandqllsm in Mo. caves slnce the publlcatloir of the book 1s sald to have been:so great that it has caused the National . :Speleological Society grave concern, and it has been suggested by many members that perhaps cave ]ocalities should not be publlshed. Never- - theless a book on the caves of ?enn, was scheduled. for publlcatlon ln the summer of 1951. ItJohn ila1l l.n Kentucky..and l{er}ln futtLe ln Tenn. 'are flnding t4ydjlis ; -Frlsescenstbeh.bvlor. sipllar to that d.e.serlbed by l'{yer'so Mammsth-Cave "''Natlonal Park contalns qUlte a number-r of caves, but the one used ln wlnter by some SOTOOO of these.bats lj.es just outslde the park boundary. HaI1 reports that laet year. the owner d.eei-ded to conrrlerclallze .'lt and. ran,a string of; lights down the passage where the bats chister. "ryiyotl" sodalis, Apparently triis entlre specieslwinters in the larger caves and mines in the Eastern U. S. 'Mqny large colonles have dlsappeared. entirely 1n recent years in Vt;, N. Y., Paoe and Ii, Va. It ls now nearly extinct ln the northeastern part of its range, but is ' stlll qulte abundant',in the east-central U. S. cave region, Fortunately the largest colony known, tl.i.e lOOr0OO that'wi-nter ln Carter Caves State - Park, KI., i5:*, novr .prqfiecteC. The outcry whlch foll.owed the destruction of some IO,OQO of thes:e by vandaLs last wlnter was Lmmedlater wellcoordinated, and effective. A locked gate (through whlch bats eould fly freely) was placed'across the entrance. ?hls effort was j-nitlated by Ralph E'wers of the Cincinnati l{useum of rrlatura.L History. Other colonies of ir-iyotis Eg93]3.,g are protecteij'ln Manrmslil'Cave National Park. : trPlec'otus lol4qqndli" Thls specles of b-tg-eared.''ba! ls wldely distrlbuted in the raestern Un S,, and faees no threat to extl4rctlon 1n the fpreseeabJ-6 future. However, except for a few scattered lndlvld.uals, the entire populatign ip the East oecurs trn Some of the caves ln 5 countles ln U. Vad It seens to be exclrisively a:cav_e'specles there at al,l seasons, land although found ln about 4O i:aves, larle colonles of 'f0C - 5OO are known ln less,than a dozen of,these, I found this species to be very lntoleirant gf hunan d.isturbance, a'nd. expect these colonles to dlsappear in the ,ae4t decadetf some me.ans qf'protecting then ls not found.. Spetunlcer ptressure,ln the caves of W.'V.b,lhas lncrEased tremendously during my iine of observatlon there, (1947 -'preser^t) due to publlcatlon of a book on the caverns.O,f thejlstate and other factorso rrthe feasiblllty of protectlng a 'eolony 'sf' bats 'by such means as are used by the lEture Conservancy 1s not very pronfslng. An organlzatlon can buy a forest tract or swamp and prevent luroberlng or dralnage, but the propection of a cavg presents speeia'l-''probl-erns whlch rnay prove tnsurmountable. Many would-be cave explorers do n:t respect the rights of property,owners. There are sevessl.;{nstanees of stbel gates havlng been dgptroyed or, clrcumvented-iby' one mearis,'?iilanother., The only reasonab\r safe protectlon of cave 1l-feinow offered, 1s'ln parks wbere there are resld.ent caretakers. rrl wond.er 1f the Nature--Coneervancy would, be interested, ln lnves-- ' t,-{-gatlng the possl-blJlltles of establtshlng protectlon for so&e of, these tat speeles? Most Ltkely help could be obtaLneclfron tbe llatlonal Speleologloa1 Soclety whlch ls greatly lnterested ln the Gooeef,r/a-, tlon of cave l1fe, and ine enerlcan Soclbty of Mamrnaloglsts wb.lc$ naintalns a permanent comrnlttee on Conseftratlon of lrand lvlammals." I got a reply to thls Letter: saylng that the Nature Conservalcy would lndeed 6elnterested, ln acqulrlng caves for the presenratlon of cave llfe, Enclosed were several forms for recournendlng areas to be aeqr:.lred. It seems that the next step 1s to declde what caves tbat are lnoportant to these specles of bats could most reasonably be P[rchased-and protected. Personally I thlnk that the best chance nalr be to find caves whlch are next to natlonal and state parks and get then lncorporated lato sameo Could thls be done at Coach and dlanes cave8, KJI o , John iiaIl ? ' iiext I sent a form letter on thle problen to a number of tnterested' lndlvlduaLs asklng for opplnloas and advlse. At thls date only tbree Sarva ):et replied" Myers-irote as follotsl ':RLgard.ing caves Lnd Nature Conservancy! we have been dlokerlng wlth t[fs gr6up slnc e J;957 or 58, ltr oouneotlon wlth t]re purchaslng of caves, Bo far, all we have been abLe to t10 te false the"price of the eaves far bej.ond dUr reach, qad lU one oase we actually lost the cave to private lnterests when lt seened that the.cave was oursj "Therb are several reasons for this: (1) too nuch publlc tnterdst m'.'st be generated to plclc up the aecessary funds for tbe cave, heucet 'the price goes up 1n the owners eyes (outslders beqone lnterested too il) (e) the roachlnery bf N. C. operates rather slowly and cometlmes the contact agents do not do the best job representlng the N. C,o 1n the fleld. (3) ft ls dtfflcult to get the ldea acrosB that a rrprotectedtrcave ls one ln whlch human actlvlty ls greatly curtalle.d. A cave is not a pralrle or a forest or a bog, and cannot stand the t::affic these may. The cave must be regarded as a gglsgllglg area witi: lfunlted &cc€$gr "tii6-r6-53 ffi. fund avallable for loan to nakd an outrlght-Fllrcahse. I feel lt would be wlsest for one person to nake the contact lrlth the cave owuer, and obtaln the money from N. C. to make the PUfchase" 0nce t,h1s has been dsne - the tltle rests 1tr N. C. bondsa progran nay be set up to ralse the noney to pay off the loan. - if?r*"uoity, I am ftgently" attemptlng to lruyone of the lvlyotis grl sescens hlbernacula, but-dann thls falLout buslnessi Buylng a cave for TlFTItst sake 1s nuch harder for sgneone to belleve than. purchas1ns ; i, for a falLout she.lter or for mlneral rtghts. -ttOnce the cave ls owned by N, C., the hardest part cones - that of adninlsterlng; the property. One would alnost have to have someone llving withln slght of the entrance, and the caves we want.to pressrt/e out ,here are too-blg to grate the entrance and too renote (one cave olmsr.nea.T Co1'-rnb1a-11veE op top of hls cave aail st1l1 canft keep fOc';l-. ot:,tl ) "Az Halrksley aad, I plan to host the !{o. ehaBter of the Nature Conservancy here Aprll 28, f962, and caves w111 loorn large ou the progr-am. " ' lhe f,ollor+ing was recelved. from Jaclc Stellnactcrl 'ddltor of the NSS Ncws a "I am passlng the extra coples of your lette-r on to Vlc Schnldt, Chalrma:r of the NSS Conservatlon Commlttee. the situatlon wi.th our bats ls bound to worsen unless we begln Eor[e sort of, canpalgnr I wlsh you { :t- 5' ].uot end ,gll]t alnaFll be ready a&d wiriiag to help ln anJr reay that r callo Remenber, t_he pages of the liss NjrtiS are aLways opei toconservation efforts. Use then lf you "want to. .T tNature Qonservancy 3.$i tfre .ltSS curentLy are worklng together tn Pr-egerving a cave ln ealtfornla - BLack Cbain Cave. I'Ihltre lbe eave 1s ngfl by the r i{ature CansenraneJf r,, the actua} overseeing ls in he hands of tlre locbL'people. r tirintc.tiifs is a couxoon arrangenent for areas that have_ come und.er the wlng of Nature conservincyl trvalld'research 1s, bx ali neans, alro*a-i" ailir. chasn cave even lloqsn r! r1 a protected cav€o Howevern eve{Jf; per€on who entq.rEl.the cave. must_ gfgn an aqrgement on conservatlon 'iegulations.: lhe liSS Last year, erpelled one'of lts members for breaktng [Fig,agreement.u, [,.fIg Conrad wrotes frPlbcotus def;lhi.tely should be protected, as wel] as the other tro 1pecffi-twould aerdrttelr uact ?rrrs proJect., Too nany ttnge I. b,ave ,,: seen.'s?udentg wlth ?belr clotlr bags co].iecilng,:ior theli professor".,. , *f:g^yhtle bandlng i-n l{offuan Sch6oL Cave, we salr erplorei scout€ ''golf!D8" batd fron the celllng. iYe e:qrlalned;:tothen why they should, be lef$'uatllsturbed, but f feai to no ivAll,'; f,rtre advlsor-d1d irot seem !-o h""-u any 66ntrol over then. f. an giow an axplorer advlsor worklng through thls cavlng group, and, hope to have a conoe,rvatlon artlcle ln Poys Irlfe ln about a year. :. "The NSS ls arouslng interest lu.cave congervatlon and I an sura th"! lf we got something go'lng we could get belp fron some of the I members.'l ,: i. .. _ Durlag ny December vlslt to W. \e,o r I nade "ore persoaal lnvestlgatlons of reports that f had of loes of bat eolonLets; Io".f,rout Cave; wbleh ta rec.ortly. as L952 had over 6OO wtaterlng S.,Eodali.s, f founf,, 99ebat,oftli1sspec1es-,twop1p1stre1Iesanda-hEtr@. ;She largest colony, of $r eodalls that I her ln I{. ,Va. ras ffililr Rexfoad.-Cave j ,Ue ilsltEe TfiTffive and fou:ril a to&at or one t"t, -" blg-sal'. Speleologlsts at the Plttsburgh Grottots fieLd house ai Seneca Oaverns lnforned ne that lhe col.ony of Eodalls wbleh ueed to be above the plt ln Schoolho:rse Cave ls now goner-End that there are no longer bats lu itanLltoa Cave whlch used, to have over a hundied plplstrel].es. f do not know what cqused, the loes of theEe bats. Althougb I have banded ln all these cgloateq-ercept the Schoolhouse oaer'-.tea-years sgor I doubt that thls,had much effect. We have beea handlideit tfre entlre populatlon of plpistrelles ln lhom Mto and, Greesvllle Saltpeter: Cave6 every year f,or over ten yuars, and there seems to be no. loss. Hl,tcbcock has been'handllng all the bats ln severaL .Oauadlan caves each ygar, ,for over twenty yearsr wlth slnilar results. Spelunker pressure has tncreased renarkabLe ln the last ten years, aad enpecla3.ly slnee the establlshnent of the fleld house (1955?). Belng tb,e aearest reaL cave reglon to the eagt, Pendleton Co.1 l{. llaor ls vls1ted:by peoplETron Bost6n to Baltlnore. -i{hea f was there last week i net a group from Chlcago and gne from Co1unbu6. However, lt ls ury gusss tbat that thls ts not tne ,factor dilectly responslble for the bat loss. Piost spelunkers are not laterested ln the bats;.and leave then alone. Probably the loss of bats ls due Ln greatest part to peopl€ r€Eovlug then from the caves for .varlous purposes. 0f course. we verJr seldon eneounter a person taklng the bats, soLil6!,'l^re d,.r.€.&rirE-F+i,f on-Ly a eilalt Bercentage of the lnstapces. f heard last yean of people from Nr f.. !3klng pfplstrelles from Thorn Mt. Caver but I could see.no:change.ln tbe populatlon. I hnow that Phll Krutzsch has taken bats fron t[e eaves of ?eadleton Cor He,lnformed me that he does not use very many ln hls {! 6. w6rk. One of ny eavlng frt ends at Morgantown told ne that be twlee has groups froq Plttsburgh collectlng bats durlng the past year. He says orrce they had a cage of flve to slx hundred, lneludlng all specles. He sald. the other tlne they had all the bats they could flnd ln the Upper Beaverhole Cave. I{e sald tbat they told h1n that they were collectlng for a research rpoJect at the ned school, and that they took all th't bats they could flnd ln a eave regard.less of specles or bands. Sbts ,ls tbe'.thlrd ff1n.ter..thdrt..one of the cavers at Morgantown has been supplylag }4yotls luclfugus for the work of Dr. Sulkln at the Southwest Med. School. Slnce thls specles undoubtedl,y wlnters ln Iarge aumbers someplace other than 1a caves accesslble to man, f donot fcar for lts loss. However lt ls not abturdant ln any of the t{, Va. caves that I loow, and most llkely the better cave populatlnns have suffered severely. Llttle broca bats occur by the huadreds of thousand.s tn New Ebgland ln sunmer. Because of the oLd houses and the clearlng of the forests, I thlnk lt ls llkely that {yotls luclfueus ls far more abund.ant now than before wh.1te man cane heie. Dr. tlff,cFcock and f have flles of over a hundred summer colonles, and can easlly flnd. nany more rlght arou:rd l{lddlebury. Slnce most of these bats are unwauted by the owners of the bulldtngs, and extermlnators kl}l then by the thousairds each sunmer up herer Dr. -Hltchcoek and I would be wlIllng to supply bats ln summer to any sclentlst r*ho needs them. tle feel that wec-ould do thle wlthout havlng harnful effects on the population of tbe ieglon. We caLl upon physlologlsts to plan thelr bat work so that they get . !he1r speclmens durlng summer lnstead of fron caves. Wlth propei sondltlons of temperature and hunldlty a bat can llve ln bibeiaailon for wel'l over a year (W. Gene Frum, unpublished data). Bats should best be taken from late tI. u1y to Septenber, when they have put on a lot of fat.Once the bats are removed from a cave, 1t seems to be the end for $volls gg-ggli$. G._M: Allen ln hls book Bats d.escrlbes the colony ln-The Nllcfficket Bat Cave tux Vt. r &s uelfiflover lr3OO tndlvld,uais. There has been none of tbls specles ln thls cave f6r years now. The same can be sald for Iadlan 0ven Cave, N. Y., and the Rorbury mlne ln ct_. g, lucl{gfius.ghows some sllght recoveiy. a dozen to'fb*t$; have been fouud 1n the Plynouth, Vt., cave the past two wlnters.'Dr. Hltchcoek encountered two boys from Harvard renovtng the bats to se11 several years ago. Tb,ere used to be more than a hund,red bats ln the cave. There are also about a dozen llttle browa bats 1n Nlcknacket cave thls wlnter, a sllght recovery accordlng to Dr. Hltchcock. The Imruedlate problem at hand ls to declde what caves couLd best be obtalned for the protectlon of bateo I have forms from Nature Conservancy whlch I w111 send. to anyone who has a cave 1n nlnd.. Iryle Conrad mentlons seelng hundreds of thousands of g. grlsescens in acave1nA1abamalastsummer.Ih1sn1ghtbea[oo@-start. Perhaps we could obtaln the cave through N, C. and gale lt. fhen naybe we could. get the state to bulld a state park about it. Such a nunber of bats should be of signiflcance to the state, as the bats ln Carlsbad. fhere ls a very sad note on the sltuatlon ai Carter Caves State l"Tkr f,y. Afler last Jrears vlgorous effort by nany lnterested, people, Ied by Ralph Enere, suceeeded 1n gettlng a gate .to: protect the iar$esl colony 9f S: sodallF kqown, I thought these bats weie safe. However, I have heard fron the Colunbus spelunkers that the gate 1s down alr6ady. Thls cave floods 1n sprlngtlne wlth logs golng all the way through the cave. Where the stream comes out at the maln entrance the-debrls took out the gate. lJ. liiOUBI,E Iirt K.it'ttUCKY I have some ne',^r infornratlon at hand which helps lllustrate the pllght of the bats ln some of the finest bat caves. In a recent lssue I nentloned that four of us from the Unlv. of lll-lnois made a very careful estlmate of the number of liyotis sodaLis 1n Carter Cave ln the wlnter of L9j6. ?he number wasE6l6TT gqffi Dr. Herschel T. Gler of Kansas State lrrites that when he was at Ohlo Unlverslty he and a group of ,students made several tril:s a year to the cave from 1940 through 1946. Chrlstnas week, 1941, they ebtlnated between 4OO'OOO,and 5O0'OOO M. sodgulis 1n the big roon, wiifr 4'OOO assorted specles of bats ln the rest of -the cave. The sodalis were clumped ln big mats as much as 5 feet ln dlameter, witffiElflof these mats around the wal}s, The tenperature of the room was about 6oC. Dr. Gler says that he would be interested. in any infornatlon on the condLtlon of the cave thls wlnter, and says that 1f anyone would l1ke to wrtte a report, h€ would. gladly supply any notes he has fron 20 years agoo John Hall wrltes that Ron Brand.on, a graduate student at fllinois, has just visited Carter Cave on Dec. 27, wLth Dr. Selbert frrm Ohio Unlverslty. They found. the sodalis population much slaa]ler than ln prevlous wlnters. They estlmated 20r0OO present, and noted that the gates were down. A letter of Jan 12 from John i{a}l coneerning Coach ancl James Caves I ttlret ne review the hlstory of tlre Coach-Janei cave for you, and I thlnk you w111 see that lt 1s hopeless even to try to acquire this property. The caves and 6OO aeres are ownecl by L,. l. Cutjlff of park Clty. He bought this land ln 1958, just at the tlne f had begun t,a negotlate wlth Phll Srnith to have the property bought and given to the (i{anmoth Cave Nationa}) rark(they would accbpt lt). phll Smlth would have gone to the 6ave Research Foundation or the }iature Conservancy to buy the caves. CutlLff beat' us to j.t,. He ls now rapidly commerciallzlng the area into a dude ranch type of'a thlng. He plans to show both Coach and James caves. I{e has strung llghts d.own t}re bat passage of coach cave and put ln steps, opened up passages, etc, He ls doing the sane ln James. thls ls the reason for the bats leavlng and I see no way of stopplng hln or acquirlng the property. I am hoplng the bats nay come lnto one of the several sqAalis caves 1n the Park, but have no evidence of thls yet. I have a feETffi,iiat sod.alls and grisescens nay be able to ehange caves quiekly. lets no!E-?ci7 - Mailed: January L8, L962 -fr 'l .BA.T BAi\rlIi{G i{3ldS VOL. 5 No" 2 A}T S.PPEAL Ra1ph 0. Ewers has undertaken the task of building and lnstalllng a gate to protect the bats in Carter Cave from destructlon by vandals" ft w111 be anchored into the bedrock wtth reinforced concrete, and provlded wlth an automatlc release which pernlts 1t to swlng free at tfunes of floodo labor, englneering advisg and much naterlal have been supplled free by frlends of the Clnelnnati Museum of "Ldatural Hlstory" Thus the cost has been kept to a ninlnum. Ewers says that the entire operatlon, lucludlng rent of a truck to transport the gate, to Kentucky, ls runnlng to just about {ifOO. He has been paylng these costs, and hopes that interested people w111 help hlm wtth th1s. therefore we ask that those who are lnterested in savlng the bats of Carter Qave send a dollar or two to the Bat Pund, Cincinnatl liuseurn of lilatural History, L72O Ol]bert Aveo, Clnclnnati 2, 0h1o. before thls 1s nal}ed. I w111 start the fund wlth a contri.butlon EDItOs, I s C0i"UiviN Plans call for a meetlng of the bat banders to be hold ln connection wltir the Amerlcaa Soclety of iianmaloglsts meetlngs at Mlddlebury, Vernont, .rune 12-15. Outi sesslon w111 follow tire afternoon papers on rt4dllesday, June 13, We hope that the afternocn schedule w111 be devoted primarlly to bat pap-rsr &s was done last year. Hltchcock and, I plan to glve a papcr on the results of our studies on the mlgratlons of ltttle brown bats in ider'r.Srgland, and }lttchcock will glve a short paper on the problens of developlng a satisfactory bat band. I do not know -vrhat other bat paperg i.rll1 be presented., but the schedule should be out soon. One of the hlghlights of the p2nmaloglsts neetings w111 be an €venlng presentatlon by Dr., Danald lii Griff'ln of movles of bats eatching lnsects ln fllght using the lnterfemoraL menbrane ancl wing tips. He will also give a demonstratlon of the portable ultrasonic bat detectoro Progress 1s being made to'irard purchasing some caves for the protection of the vanlshlng specles of bats-, l'{yers has talked the owller of the $. grisescens" hlbernaculum in irio., lnto selllng" Tuttle ls lnvestlgating a couple of caves in Tenno e and Conrad ls looking lnto the posslbllltles ln It" Ya. The ehalrman of the i,lational Speleo]oglcal Socletyts Connnittee on Conservation has written that we ean count on tbeir fu1l support, Sruce Dowling, Asst to the li.reetor on the Nature ConsefvancX, writes that they lrould be glad to give us guidance on the fund-ralsing aspects of a proJect" FIe plans to meet wlth us at the mannaloglsts meetlngs here to discuss the problerns, He suggests that the best way to get a eave tied up qutckly ls to obtaln an option to buy, and tnen use the tine to ralse funds to purchase. i{e has sent ne some option forms whlch I would be glad to pass orlr Dlek andersonl a No Jo speleologlsts wrltes that .i neglected io,,111g.r.- tlon rables deaths as a possible cause of the decrease tn tfre bat populatlons of the caves" Thls is certalnly a good posslbl}ltr, and shouLd have been consldered in ny dlscusslon of the problen'in the APRIJ, L962 erly: January, Aprll, July and 0ct. Subserlption rate ls I$1.OO for two years, - I'layne H" Davls, Blology Dept", Middlebury College, l'{lddlebury, Vernon!" t. I iI i-5. las t i.s su-e . In Februa::y I had the pl-easure of visitlng the famous Chester, li{ass.t emery mine'rrith Dana Snydero I am pleased to be able to report that therb are stli.l plei:i;y of bats there, and that there always will be' unless someone devises an elaborate means of d.estructlon. I{ost of the bats are on the lonei'l-evel, lrhieh is reached only vj-.a a 9O foot vertlcal shaft" Thic ls easy enough to nake wlth proper equlpmentt and anyone going dor.ln has ilccess to numerous batso }Iowe',/er, many of the bats are rea}ly high on the nalls, The passage ls a crevlce type that reaches all the lray to the upper level, it ls one of the most dangerous looklng und.erg:'ouind chan'llers I have ever been tn. We have been dlscover:ing more abandoned mi-nes with bats up here. In December Dr" liitchcock arid. I discovered an old nlne withln just about 20 miles of l4i.ddl.el'-nr; that has about fOOO wlnterlng bats. Bob l4artln sho'yred me anoth.er near here, and has leads on otherso I also have leads orr nuo€r,;lr-s others, J thlnk there are probably hund.reds of aband.oned and nearly u;:ls:ovrn mlnes in thls reglon" i{any sIlEes have passages inaccessible becguse of water; nany others are too dangerous to enter; and still others are elosed to man because of breakdown, I have llttle doubt that there are enough such places up here that our bai populatio:r is not i-n lminediate danger" lhere are two r:ew bat banders: Dr, No B. Gale, Box 459, Balboa, Canal Zone; X,ivrin Tysonn Box 15J1, 3a1boa, CanaL Zoneo Bruce Hayltardt New lviexlco ltrestern Co1lege, Silver 0ity, i{, I'4,, writes that he ls doing a litt1e bernding in nlnes around Silver City. Anybody need sone skuLls or skeletons of Sygjie luqltqeu_q.? In handllng many tliousands of these bats we have an occaslonal casualty. f have been saving then and feeding then to tire bugs, lirlte if you could rise sone of these" In March I attended the eonference on the use of telenetry 1n biology at tire Amerlcan lJiuseu.n of Natural lilstory. Seems that the tine ylen w9 can put a radio cil a bat to study home range 1s not far off. &ilgration studles are i?. little farther ln the futuie. The liniting factor ls a battery. Dr" i'{ltchcocic ha;; received two new types of experinental band.s for lestlng. Bo'uh are nc., 2. Cne has rounded edges lnstead of sharp corners, and the other hes flat lipl" Unfortunately the workmanshlp on tirem j-s crutle and. slcprr.y*- The Gey Band ooo d.oes very poor workl r wish we could gct our banfs from a Britlsh conpany which has sent us samples of thelr icoll':o !-'hr:j.:' workmanshtp 1s superb. iYumbers are more clear cut and li:gible, and thcre are no ragged edges on the bands. Wrlte lf ;''oli wolild^ like io'l;ry some of tlre-experimental tags. Ip.st summer f ctr a vriril e ire r:"1-:pped. a-],-l_ four corners off each band wlth a nail clipp,:r, r sus;:e.t :,Ytat fi]r1s may make a slight lmprovement, and I would like to se e .,thers it{ it" Replres to .).'r(:c{ir:'i: que:;tl.on:,ire show that near}y all banders have ::ecelved rabies va.ccine, A feli,iild not get a strccesbful response to the vaccine, howevei'. The iviet tlro'b'to l{el;s -ior Nov-Ilec, earries an article about histoplasmosis, I!speluni;err:-, risliri, which they filehe6 from lvjedicalr.iews National Tuberculrisis tl.ssocia-ii-on" It reports a total of 11 people who had been j-n a cavc near forrcon, iliex:lco, at varlous tines, a1l of whom cane dot'r.: wiikr the dlsease,, Four of these died., Thlsrrbat d.ung fever'i seems to be dangerous" I wonder lf those of us who have survll"cd after so many treks into the bat eaves are not immune to histoplasmosls" Karl Koopina.n has told me about how he has spent hours slfting through the dusty dung of eaves 1n the Antilles looklng for bones IO. of fossl] bats. . ' . - - ' .i. HOW REl,IABtrE AltE OUR HECOVTIRIES?, 'r{h.en an interesting recovery co,.Des ;1n how can we know dhether or not it is reliable? Was there a nistake somewhere? Ilnfortunately very often there is. So often 1n fact that f have serlous doubts about most good recoveriesr; There are at least'three places where a mistake can be mader:Erld. f hrow ti{at they have occumed at all three p}aces, lhese are: the bander, 1n hls records; the finder, ln gettlng the number; and the.lfashlngton offibe, in pul11ng i;he card, fa my early experlence f found that nhen handling bats in a eave where I had banded before, and thus was reeording many rd;peats, that we would make a mlstake 1n recording on at ]east two to three bands out of 1O0. fhus many batsrfseernedtt to-be moving from one eave to another. When I devlsed a method to elinlnate this error, the bats quit rnovlng. I have had only one authentic ease of a piplstrelle moving from one cave to d,nother anong all of the thousands that I have handled in the eountry where caves are numerous. lie moved the feu miles (4) from iloffnan School Cave to thorn i4t. Qave, I,rii Fa. l Jln Cope has generously gi,ven ne permlsslon to cite from his records to lllustrate the problem. It could happen'i;o anybody. In i4areh I gqt a copy of a F, & {l{. Service }etter to Cop,e, It was a rep}y to his report of banded bats seen in l{yantiotte:Caver'Ind,, on five dlfferent vlsits. It reported, anong other things, tliat he had found; a !1, sod-' alls banded. in Tennessee by iuierlin tu{tie; a g. }ggf€gggg nana6-a ffi released at lerre i-l.aute, fnd., .by Munf,ord; a plpistrelle banded at a cave at Ft. Leonard i{ood, lvlo., by l4yers; a pipi-strelle banded in €xtreme southwestei'n Georgla by ne; and.two band numbers whlch had not been issued for bats. ?robably many of these'are ln error. But which ones'l Perhaps some are authentlc. But how can we know? liione-can be accepted. As soon rs I got this letter, I wrote to Cope and asked. hln for-all the parti.culars concerning these bats an<l tl:e conditions under which he recorded them. Slnce I"suspected tiiat these lrere aaong several hundreds of 'repeats that were being record.ed, I asked about thls too. i{e replied wlth the following lnformatlon: i{y Ga' pipJ-stre}le resulted from a nlslnterpretation pf his letter to l{aslilngton, He actual}y reported it as having neen found by a stud.ent in the cave where it rlas band.ed. Hls notes on the one reported as i{yers' pipistrelle from l,[o. lndlcate that it was a female M. lucllugus. It wa$ among 326 (lO repeats) netted qt nlght. 0n, one of tf,e 6:EEEfTlf,trts in questi5n his-party-read. off 64B,repeats bJ'the llght of a Coleman lanterni Llirely one could nisread a dlgit under these condlti-ons. thls l,s the problem, What can we d.o about it? If one finds a s1ngle banded bat ln a strange place it 1s easy. Simply check and record the nunber very earefully. lhe big probleni 1s in recording large numbers of bands. I have a solution for this which I have been uslng for years, and it has been flawless. l{henever I go to my W. Va. caves where I have been banding for years, I record all the numbers I have used in each cave on a card. This may sound like a lot of numbers, but lt 1s not as nuch as it sounds. All11 years can easily be put on ' half a 3 x 5 card. One years band.s nay be 54-19239 to 558 & TOI to B1?. ': then I keep thls card 1n front of ne while I am banding and two ot,her ' workers are readlng and recording the repeats. If a number is read that is not on the cardr I irnmedlately reach for the bat and check the numI t I t I 17. b€r,. Ihus aay for-e.1gner,-is-1sned.:Lately reco'gnlzed and his number can be checked eaiefully. por recoveries to be rellable one must recognlze the band as an lnteiesting one before the bat has been released. In this connectj.on it !s also quite helpful to be able to recognize ones own numbers wlthout having to look them up. This is not hard if you want to d.o lt. Although I frave about BO serles numbers on my file cards, I lmmecllately recognize any number that does not belong to me. gne reason mistakes are often made ln reading nunbers ls because the digltsare so poor and the stamplng iob so sloppy. th'a'i; flat-topped 9 lJ easily nlstaken for a flve. f have never seen such a figure ?_?"ywhere other than on bands. A. reeent lssue of the bird band.ers' EBBA. News carrles a suggestlnn for naking nunbers more }egiblet they luggest rubblng a :-fpstick over the dlglts. I trled lt, and lt certalnly makes the numbers stand out, but would be lnpraetlcal because of tfiae consumption. I have thought about nlxlng a staln from histology lab ln nelted nargarlne, and dipping a strlng of bands ln it. the color would. probably be lost to dlrt as the bat dragged the tag through the attlcs, but then a dlrty band 1s nuch easler to read than a new or.eo We have the problem of flndlng a few summer-banded bats among the thousand,s of bats that we have banded in a m1ne. l{e would llke to use a d,ifferent eolor of band 1n sumner from what we use und.ergrouogr This would nake lt easy tb recognlze foreign bats. Dl. Hitehcoclr took some bands to a metal ltattng c6mpany to get then anadlzed, but tlrey did not take the color. i{as aayone trled co}orlng bands in any way wlth guccess? MYOruS. GiIISESCTjNS IN VITIGINLA. John R. Holslnger, trho is dlrecting the Blological Survey of Virglnia Caves for the D. C. Grotto of the NSS, writes to report what he has found,concernlng lggjlg sodalis 1n the state. He ]crows of colontes in caves ln Bath and-G1Tes countles. He also reports finding a large colony of bats ln A.ugust, 196], in Grlgsby Cave, Scott 0o. lie describes the swarm of bats going past blm ln a passage as lasting ten mlnutes or longer, and he said ttrat judging from the sound a considerable number nust have remalned ln tlre bat roollto A speclmen was eollected, and identified as U, gggglig.. It would be interesting to learn what species the rest of-the 6adwere. l,iost llkely they nould be g. grlsesceng. Jobn Hall has found a fer,,r groups .of U. sodalls throughout the sunndr in some Kf.lcaves. The largdst Such gfouFF'-hEG been about 100. irlearly all ofthe great masses of these bats leave the caves ln sprlng. Mer1in Tuttle has recently recelved recoveries of two of hls M. qrlsescens from Virglnla._ The flnders report that several tliousand of fficomethroughV1rginiaeachspr1ng.Asyettherehasnot .been a speclmen of the specles preserved fron the state to my knowledge. TIPS ON TTCHNIQUS I, have added a plastic bag to the wire rlng scoping bat pole. Not only d.oes lt save a lot slggleions, such as pipistrelles' .but lt also actlve bats whlch are readY to flY. on the end of ny teleof tine in collecting allows one to capture cage (esN voI. 2 i L). botton is sufflcient. flat on one side whlch We have made some improvements on the l{yers Instead of three wire hoops, w€ flnd one at the We also flnd that naking the top plywood clrcle l8 rcstr agai!.$tthe chest mahes the cage much Jess awkward. to hanrlleo glncethe ca::rylng capaelty for hibernatlng bats 1s determined by the st-'.:rrfa*e area of the botl;nn, f have been experlnnentlng with naklng the bo-btc:. soniewhat larger than the top" Ki{0'if YOUR BA'IS * MYOTIS SODAIIS If you a:ne not faniliar with thls specles, lt is a dlfficult one 4 _- : -l ^.^+3 F-- r t,o loentrry" The books and lceys afe of little he1p, The differendes oarav"a'lrv z'ofgylgd tO afe Subtle,, I eannOt glVe a Simple fOrnUIa WhlCh gi,i1 easi:-.r separate this speeies fron ail other eastern $yotls" I{o.'.^rever, if 1r i-s but a qrrestion of separating this species from Mo ]-t191!g1u;r &s it nost often ls wlth the bander, f,cAn cite dlfferences which -;eem to be roli^b1e ai ri. practi.cal. The best character ls the foot,. lfleen the two.species al'e conpared., the foot of sodalj.s 1s quite n4;r,i.ceabl-y smallero .1.1-sq corflpar^e the proflles of, the face_q. So .ha,n tltb slro::i;ero snub-nosed a.ppe-nranee" ., i-i"'qodal-is has the second smallest foot of any of our eastern specleso 0n1"r $ g,1r!_rL!3!uq is smaller, ..1. p::oblcm ihat a bande:' o-iten has is to pick a few Mo lg![gggg out of a 1-arg3 group of Egggljs that he is handling, or vlce versa" Thj..s can be i tough-arrd. TlfrE-Ensumlng problen, and there"ls no subs,'i,itrrte fol e-rperience here" (lne hini; mi6ght be helpful though. When gatheri.ng the iightl-y packed. cl-usbers of*sodAl:Lq, bnu usually plcks up a fel'r scattered singles and small groups" I have. found that most of the lJ4gr"i:lgLq.. get j.nto the bag along with theseo Except for a slng.l-e U" gl_€.gg-q:gsg, f have never found anotirer speeles in a large clustc."i of ggqe]lg' although perhaps otii.er banders h.ave, HEiiE A1{.0 lr{,tRl JOIJ lrATitritj startecl bandlng bats wlth a f,et'r EI[Les-lguFnear hls home- ]l.ugO.;arecoveryainonghis.f1rst'25batswhenffiand.ed.atHa1- !'fart ii.ase ., ws.s.plcked. up.1-n Dorchester, about 2O nlles i{l^i"' ?IiIi. ILI.UTZSCII rtas featured in an rliEA syndicated artlcle of ll[arch. 27, rrrhlch aopeared in 3OA papers'h,cr6bs tire countryo Thp article lras about research belng done witir bats. It mentloned bat banding" ld" R" i,riifTtiEYe i,;" D., of ihe Penninoton Cooy,S.u Do (ftapid .City) Hea-r,th D:pt,.o irrites io -lsli tha't soneone write up the life hlstories of l{orth ALlerlcan ba4is 1::r sune m?r,ner such as Ber:t has done for tiie b-i:i^r1s " -08 AYltl hii"s sen'L.rue copy. of 'r,]re ias Cruce$, i{, I{. Q_l-ti_g€_A of l.ta,.r.'clr 3, Lg6Qn i'rhi,:h ho:; a.'fion'il page art1,c1e qu6ui D" c;Tffial\iTli'iJ" it :D,;s thai, he i-s woric:.ir6 on a proi"rct of libaitingttb".t traps wlth tl-a rc'co:r-'ti-et,. voicys cf -i-,?ie gi:eci-es 1:: wishes to capture" the article also qr,.oi;er,Cor.istall,iirJ as si;ring "fhe fact;s. we no-ir have must be 1nt;::;retci. zti; a.elrrlc;rruerl. in6 ',.,hai prc.ibabl;r 15 per cg4t of the bats in ld. l{.,,, Arizo, lexas, Ca1.-if. arrd Qkla".haverrabieS, b,nd.'we'ShOuLd nOt he r;r-'r, r'i sc,d if tirpse inj :c'1-ecL j;ets sud.denly be.come' rfurlous I and. attack ma.r: an,l anlma1s ", lhe ai'ticle points out that nethods have already lrson .dar:,i rr',16i to captu::e and safely d.estroy specles of bats whlch occr'.py SIf ctr,vcs by the i illiorrs. Ii; says that potentlally dangerous tree )ats requi-re r;d.j-cally nel'r nethods of control. Thus the recordlng of the:i-r vllces to iure then to capture and destructlono JOllli HOLSIIVGER repcrts tha-t e. eave ln tsath Con, \l?.ot whlch had an estima'i;ed jOOO g, S!-d?Li-g_ two years ago had only BOO this wlntero BRiiCI }LA-11,'fA.R,D wrltes that he I s 1n i.:lteresting bat country nowo He ii'.5 ?7 spec;-',.€E: L::cluding 9 U.[ggip-,out there in ArlzonaNew iuiexlcoa sodalls if i : ii' iiI l; if' ,r{ ,, '.t,. ., " ; 1{.:, i"l, . 't: , i l' :t : I ,' il ;t il 't t 'f 't I I .l I il I I 19. DAN Si',tlJ,trf, a bird bander who has helped roe in a N. T. mine, sends a clipplng fronr the liassau Co. Nei{g !aXwhlch says "IrI itesearchers out to Bag Batsrr. They are wanted.-Tor ra.:les testing. HAiiL:\}tr f"fAIIJEY writes that the snow has been so deep that he has had to wa1!: alf thel'ray ln to B1ackbal} iurlne thls winter. He hopes to do considerable banding durlng the spring. GASTON t{OfsAi{ trled both I & 18 on hls bats at the cave in Quebec last year, and he writes that this rrinter 152, of the ones itearing no. 1 bands had injuries but none of the 1:1. He says it w111 be 18 fron nolr on. He reports they recaptured 35i('of tire males banded but only 2/" of the females. i{fi(Oi'i iIILSOI{ is now a L tire i3lshop ituseum 1n iIonolulu. He reports that he has collected 6lasi.urus semotus and banded orrsr I wonder how far 1t riltl travel. - PHII, iIeUfZSCi-i I'rites that he salr a single C_orynorhlgus ln Trout cave with a band on each nin6. The flesh was red and growlng over the bands and the bat was in poor shape. I6ar+ one i:r i'tlnor Rexroad, Cave that was carrying one of Hallrs no. l bands and was lnjurecl. I quit bandlng these bats ten years ago when I found that the bands were so hard on them. S. S!'vf;!?I Srili;Ilt, 1n reply to ny question, says that lt does appear that bats becone less likely'bo lnfeet when 1n hlbernation than during their active $oo,sorto S. C. DCiItilIl'fG vrtites that the Ontarlo Blrd Sanders Assoclation is setting up a project to band tree bats tthieh tlre;r cateh in autumn at Pt. ?elee. 'Ihey want an opplnlon orr what slze banCs to use, l{y opplo1on 1s no. 2, by all means. l{e want some recoverles on these bats. So far as f know, l1o one kras ever had a recovery on a tree bat. EOI'r'Il'i I,. TYSON wrltes tlrat he 1s starting banCing ln a population stud.y of tropical bats ln the Canal l,one and Panana. Seems to me he ls an o]-d tine Connectlcut bird bander? The IECH THCGLODYTE, V. P. I. Grotto.newsletter, has an artlele about James Cave, K)r. It nentlons tire bat gallery as havlng TOO'0OO bats durlng rauch of the year. I ironder what John Hall tirinks of this e sti-nat e. VIC $Ji{i"tlllT, Chalrman of the ltlSS Connittee orr Conservation says that after wrltiog Kentuclqy Park Commlssiorler Fox ln November about the Carter Cave bat problem, he reeelved. a reply whlch states rr---- today I am dlrecting that our maintenance organlzatLon take inmedlate action to replace the gates. ---I belleve that you hnorr of o'ar sincere i.nterest ln prctectlng the bat colony at Carter Caves.rr Vlc wond.ers what happened? So do man;' of us. I:.tERLIN TUTTLE now hds 5OO recoverles from 80 niles dlstant, and l25 from 1]O-2OO m1les, 11. grlsescens gets aroundl BRYAIT GIAIJS has just ?e#Fi6ffir..r grant to carry on h1s work with Tadarlilg, He ls going to work on aging technlques. ' R.dCENl l,i I ii,iliTUlltj KRU?ZSCH, P. i{. A surnmer colony of ma}e litcle brown bats. J, Mamm., 422 529, Nov. 1961, In July and August, L959, samples of lOO bats were taken from clusters of several hundred ln Hellhole Cave, 1'{. Va. A].1 were naleg. PEARSOI'J! E. l{. Bats hlbernatlng ln silica mines 1n southern llllnois. Jr Mamm. 43'. 27, Feb., 1962. l{ot mucli here. Observations in J5 nines. ?otal of l8f bats of s1x specles was found. Recorded temperatures at hlbernation sltes. 1Vo VIILA, BEiiNAR!O & E. I.,. COCKIi,UM. Mlgratlor brasillensis mexicana (Saussure), J. Ilamm, Mlgratlon mexigjlna (Saussure -.vlew of the llterature and 'oresentation of of tne guano bat Tadarlda 43 z 4J, -Feb. , 1962;-m: addltional bandlng resul-ts. t-" SHACKLJT-JJ, i,l. ii. r et. Al. Hlstoplasma capsulatum recovered fron bat tissues. sc1. L35:l-1f5, March 3O, 1962. Reports the presence of this organism 1n Chll_q4rg!€-Eu-s rubig_lg_9_Eg fgqca (slc) tal<en from a building 1n Panama. i'"lUIR, T. J. & n" POLDEd. Notes on hibernating bats 1n Dubuque County caves. Iowa Acad. Sci.67: 6OZ, L96O. Not much here. fhe fi-rst report of l&gJE sodaLts for the state of Iowa. Three were taken from Beckerrs Quarry Cave ln Dubuque. Two were preserved j-n alcohol. MARTII$, R. L. Bat transmltied rabies. The fowa State U. Veternarian. 24'.79, L95L-62. A revlew of the rables 1n bats problem. COP$, J.8., et. al. Breeding col-onies of four specles of bats of fndlana, Proc. Ind, li.cad. Sci" 70z 262, L96L. Three year search for summer colorij-es yielded the following totals: Piplstgqtlqs subflavus, 1; lri.ycticeius l}}uneralis., 4; l4.'roti.s l[cifueus, ' ;- L42. I'[ethods used to locate colonies are descrlbedr COPE, et. aI. A method of taggirag bats wlth radioactive gold-198 ln homi.:ag experlnentsr l!!4.r p. 267, Notes on homlng of two speeies of bt!!, !$Xgj!g Luclfugqg and Bpt-esic-qg fusgus. lbl*. , p , 2To . l,iquid gold was plaeed. lnslde bands and eovered with naTl po}lsh. Tagged bats whlch returndd home 'hrere detected with a G.eiger counter. Detecti.on was suceessful th.rough roof aad brick r^iah. {yq!_IS returned from 2O miles wlthln a few hourso Eighty-five per cenffi6 Sptesicus returned fron 25O miles to the southr but only one of l-B returnEd.-Tron 25O niles to the north. Iviailed April 3Cy1952 ,jiIION,?S 'JULUI,I]'I 'Ihe fund of the Uincinnati i'rus€ufl of i\iatural l-listory for builcllng a gate to protect the vOL. 3I'io. 3JULY, tg62 Bat uancing l{ews appears quarterlv: January, Apri1, July & Oet. iubscription rate 1s il-.00 for two Vears . - i'iayne Il. r-avi.s , Zoalc L.ept. r University of Kentucky, Vears . - i'iayne Il. r-avi.s , Zoology bats in Uarter dave, ,!-/., is not Lexington, iil , very healthy. About i4I was received the last I hearr-l frot,r tllern. 0f tirat eLZ. rira;i lroi,r readers of this newsletter and the rest frorn individual members of the Arnerican Society of i'iamnalogists. .,\s tire cost of buildiug and installing the gate is about i'100 it is hoped that others will contribut,e. I have f ounci it most difficult to get this issue out. iiesides worklng full tiile seven dairs a v'reei< on the bat niigratlon project during JuIy, I was busy witir the problems of moving as well. ijome things planneci for this j-s'ue will have to lvait f or next. The marnnral nieetings at i,riddlebury in June nere a succesi. l,ianv bat banders ivere present, and several papers on bats were gi-ven. Oope and tsaker may have goL the impression that all the bats in i'lew Jnglanci are bancjed. After l-eaving the meetings they spent a night at i{i11sboro, i\i. Li., and shot one bat. It carrieci one of our bancls from a cave in southern Vt. Our experiments with ba,nci injury continue to shov,r progress. iife have been testing two styles af ,t 2 bancis. One of these is lippecl and the other has the corners rounrJed off. Both types lrere rnacie to specifications b.r the Gev tio. tiesults sholv that the one vrith the roirndecl ends is very prornisitrg. rJe have seen no injury wiih these but some have been chelved, I think chewing depencis on the individual personality of the bat rather than band irritation. )ome bats chew and some cionlt. Our ltlew lingland bat study has been very successful. I would like to poitit out some thlngs ihat we have learned by experience that may be of help bo ot}t""s. ir€ have f ound that we maae a rnistake by not using different colored bands for our sunmer and wi-nter work. This woulc' have made it much easier to spot foreign recoveries in a cave where we hacj done much previ.ous banding. ;/e have done some paintlng of bands with nailpolish this sunirler. Glass informed us that bands can be anodized despite the fact that a rnetal plating cornpany in Rutlanc was unabl-e to clo it for us. Glass had'sampl-6s of-thi: work ione by a Tulsa cor,tpany. ft looked gooc. iomethingelse worthy of note is sonte of our experience in locating bat colonies. ,ie have sent nany publi-city releases to newspapers, ancj finc that the nev{spapers are very goocr about running stcries about our r.iorl<. It seems that soneone worlcing with bats anci looi<i;rg for t jreir is alwavs nehrs. lJut we irave found that soi,le stories are ver",/ successful in getting people to wrife us about their bats, i,ufiereas ofirers are not. jome poi-nters on success: the rnost important thj-ng seeris to be to indicate that l/ou are l',rilling tn crirro fr"o,. infOr.natiOn Orr how tO get bats Out Of a hOuse. ThiS Seens to be the only interest of r:iost neople who have bats. Afso you should irnply that bats are scarce righf here lvhereas the rlext state (city, etc) has lots of thera. The newsllapers llke a local attachnent (the town hall at Stoddard, ii" d., has hundreds of bats inclucling many of our tag.3ed ones fror.r Vermont, but we haventt been able to find any closer to l-anchester anci dontt l<nol* lvhether they go there or not), Iiy using such tactics we have succeeded in getting lots of people to write to 110 us about their bats. Although v,re have sent releases on]y to the newspapers r ye have }:eard that the radios and 'IV have carribd our stories ald appeals tgo' ,/e reply to glf l-etters and try to vislt everyone who writes. However, about half of these turn out to be wiicr g6o." chases. 'iHundreds'i and even lthousands ? of bats have sorfletiines turned out to be 0. r,/e often finc that we do better locati_ng bats-ou.s"lves than we in vlsiting those who r,vrite us. i/e do tiris by 'watching for bat spatter on houses and by. inspecting t,ire outside i,f "uoiy Smii1 town church. l'/e always as{ !h" pbople in whose house we are gathering P."t: if anyone else around has ftreur, Thev are always glad t,6 rett us that their neighbors have them too. iliost of our bat colonj-es are j.n old houses.,barns, churches, schools, town hal-lsr.grange hal-l-s and fire stations. Ho'uvevei we occasionally ' get a surprlse. A well-spattered building in Uonnecticut tfiat t{e stopped to visi-t turneC out to be a beauty shop. Insicie, ciownstairs, where we talked, to the proprietor ancl a custorner, it seemed l-ike just 11k" ?ny_other beauty shop, but upstairs we founcl at,out-SOO l,1yoiii. Also in Connecticut we visj.ted a suburban development just ea6t of Hartford from'lvhere soneone_haci written us about her bit p"obt"o.- Though .t!*- plage i:ras .only f I vea"s old the,v hact a thriving l-itt,l-e :9l9ny, of i'iyotis ln the wal-ls. I're talked to ii't*-'treighbor"and found that she and others i-iad bats, too, and since all the houses were :3 "i;:;"1, "i"il ;";:'fi , i i: " ;: lt l,.;" rl::: :'j"5,3]i *i ::*;; r" i"fi: I'ii'- bats, s.ince the bats seemed t,o haie^their choice"of clweliira;.- --- fn our wor$ during this sunmer and last I have cone to see lhat bats in a building can be a real anL serj-ous pest. If a house iris a colony oflO0 or so in the attic, I can smell them fror.r anyplace i.nside the buildi^S. i/e have seen woodivork rotted from Uat rliine, yinex PYq" swarming onthe. rafters,.deep plles of dung crawling'with dormoqf i r'c \rEr.'rvDt/rub, .rlg _1t"g9 black wet stalns bn-the walls aici ceilinfis. In a one-room builcjing in,Connecticut fron: lvhich we gathered and banded ?yut B00 i'iyotis the rafter runr:ing the length of Efre roof in the nliddre was actually Cripping with bat urine. -After these experj-ences 13 seems logical thaia 6o" li vi no i n .'ne of rhese trouses'-miA;;';.;rtroy the bats he"sees hibernatiirg i"-"-."r"1 A large colony of bats in a building can be a realpestl rr I had them i."rny own house i would shut them out. It seems to me that ]'iyotis lucifutluq is probably much more abundant now t.tran it r,ras b'ef ore-fiFtE manGiiE-to irlbrth Am6rica. fhe great. sharne of the bats as pests problern is Ctrat the lnnocent species hibernating in the caveb suffbr. Although.some bats can be a reaL pest, this does not seenr to be the main^objection that llost people irave-to them. They are actually afraid of them. Perhaps ! of ter-r'l4romen are. Tiris inciudes if-re iecirnician of a state labbratory of health where we sent sorne bats for rabies testing. she was teriified to learn that the bats were on their way alivel In most caies, -hoi,uever, the general-ization holr-ls that the more intellisent and educated people are n6t afraid of bats, U"i'-[f," backwardr. sttipid and j-gnorant really are. ir&n$ of our letters contain such as "not only. are.they dlrry things, bg! i,r.":, ierriry h€',,-;;-' ^:;._:l:":^yi" a bar j.n rhe barhroorn.-r'calrec the ii"" bepartment alicl tney senE a f rucl'i lvith three Iilen who dispatched with tire bai. . . . A month later there was another bat i-n the hbuse. I callec the fire dept. again... .'i. (il-rls letLe r from u ,n*r--in -i,t;;;i"I,, Jt. ). One woman wrote that she couldn?t slt rn the yard at niglit foi the'nutu--u*oip1ng down at her. l''ie also find that most people who have bats in the house arenrt really very interested in gettingrid of them. If irrey-ru"""ti"tuy ro"iJ -nave 30. shlps among dlfferent taxonomlc categorles of mammals. RIICO}IT T ITTITIATUR.O - HALII JOIIi\ S. r WAZ. A l1f e histlry & taxonomic stud.y of the Ind_11na_-bat, ti.yo-t:-s" ?oggl-l€,. Scientifle publications # tZ, Readlng publ1c Museum & .A.rt Ga11ery, lieacilng, Pa. 68pp. Apparentiy the miterlal of Hallrs PhD thesis, tiris excellent plene-ot noitr repr-esents a real eontribution to our scanty lcnowledge of this common bat" Work was done prtmarily 1n the Mammslli Cave region. Some infornation was at last gathered on the mysterious pro.blen of where thls speeles goes when-leavlng the caves in spring. IIe had three recoverles fron central Indlana and one from Ohio. lle thinks that the males mostly stay 1n the cave region. He found hundreds actlve in remote reglonl of the caves in summer, and found that there was fr,equent turnovei 1n lndlvlduals. Perhaps the nales spend the summer wanderlng from one cave to another. Ilall also puts forth the idea that the bais flnd thelr way about by traveli-ng the watercourses, and he incLudes a nnap of such a postulated travel pattern. Thls ldea looks so lntrlguing lirat one of the graduate students at U. of Ky. is setting up an-exp6rinent to test lt. Several pages are devoted to a consi-d.eratlon of tle populatlons over the entire range of the speqies. Four large wfueteria[ concentratlons of IOOrOOO each are known (two in Ky. & two ln Mo.). All other colonles contaln only a few thousand or less. CORRESPONDENCE DAVfS, CALIF. The remarks on histoplasnosls and rables in the Aprll lssue have prompted me to jotn in the dlscussion with a few facts whieh f hope are more encouraging to bat collectors and banders. I believe that most of the bat banders and workers i-n the central and western parts of the U. S. and Mexi-co have been exposed. to hlstoplasmosis. They have contracted a mild infectron which did not dlsplay notieeable symptoms and now have lnrnunlty. fi many of these people, such as Dr. Koopnan, had sensitivity tests they would show a-poi1t1ve reaction. I do not mean to imply that hlstoplasmosis is a d.lsease to be dlscounted, but it helps to know that lt is rarely fatal. ft ls.:.r-',*) present not only in caves, but also ln barns, ehlcken houses, and basements of houses. If anyone ls worrled about this disease I would ad.vlse having a skin test to determi.ne lf 1mmu11i1t ls present. I would. }lke to take lssue with some of the statements concernlns tkre bat rabies problem. f think that the figuee of 'tI5%' lnfectlon wlth rabies in the Las Cruces Citlzen is a misleadlns interpretatLon by the newspaper. This flgure ffiEp-p'ry to the numbei of Uais exanlned that show antlbody titers against rabies, but does not indlcate the number of rabid bats. Fifteen per cent is a noticeable epldeinie by anybodyrs standards and if present 1n a bat popgrlation would do the ivorkof the people favoring control, f would like to be correeted by Denny 1f wrong, bul f further believe that the surveys conducted so far cannot' be lnterpreted to include estimates of incidence of d.lseases on a statewi-de basls, I believe that the number of rabld bats, at least ln Californla, to be less than one per cent, wi-th a sllghtly hlgher percentage of bats bhowing antlbodies agalnst rables, The bat rabies scare has already calrsed inltiation of a few loca1 mass extermination programs in California. The people lnvolved do not usually ttrink about building bats out, but think that gassing them w111 do the trlck. this sort of program ls hard on the taxpayers I money JJ-o since bats come ln successive years, and extermination procedures must be repeated. Perhaps I an a bit bitter because I have had a few favorrte collecting sites destroyed anC have lost soffr€.;ood banding data, but i would ap jrreciate seeing more accurrate accounts of the bat rabies nrnh"l on ro rio1' than. scar,e articles " - Albert .J. Beck. yr v v!v[r rq uaf v 33,'[ ;]UBS0IIBEHS &'XXCHriirlGEi Arr rler.qnn - .?i r:hard. , ,49 HUbbard AVe " , Red Bank, N. J. I American Museum of iiatural History l'lbrary, 79th. W at Central Park, Ayre, il:il"1;i"r6tt"ilnof;" st,, iast rirorthport,'N. y. , Bake4., tfilson, .larl-han Co1leg.:, F.ichmond, Ind. 3aldwin, .D" H., Divisj-on of ,3irds, lioyal Ontario Museum, ?oronto 5, Ont. Beck, Alpert .T. y Zodlogy Dept., Univ. of Cal.if .; ,leivis, Calif . Bell, Dr. J. F,r,Roclcy l'4t. Laborator;., Hamilton;, l'Iont. : Benton; tr. A11en, Biology Dept", l{, Y, State Univ., Col}ege of Edi,. 'r . ucation, Albanln J, l{'. Y. Beschel, 1Jr; .fioland, Bi0logy Dopt., Queens Univ., Kingston, 0nt. Bleakney, lr. J. S ", Biology Dept", Acadia Univ., !{o1fville, ItTova Scotia Q'tjor--rarrlr Dr. B. 3, , School of Llentistry, Univ. cit Southern 0a1Dqu v Wr Y!Vr uli9 ifornia, Los Angel es ,7, Oalif . Carbyn, L", Fm. lJO,' Trueman, HouSee lvit" Alliison Univ., Sackviller, idew Brunswick. Case.b.eer, Richard. Al1an Hancock Foundatj-or-r, Univ. of Southern Calrf ornia n Iros Angel es ,7, Calif . Cave Iies,earch Assn., 3B4Z Brookdale Blvd., Castro Va1ley, Calif . - E " T-,endel1, Zoology .Dept. , Univ. of''Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. vvvl\r uu, LL a Conrqd, Lyl e, 4815 Chevy Chase -Dr. , . Chevy .Cn*ase, lvid . Cohstantine, lr. | " G " , Southrtesterrt Itabies $esearch Laboratory, Box 552, State Col1ec;e, l\l " M. Cope, Janres B. Joseph iioore i4useura, jJarlham College ,' Richmond, Ind. Davis, Dr. lavid n ", Zoologrv Dept,, Penn Stato Univ, , University Park, Pa. "Douglas, ll " H, , 115 wDrre ror Rd. , FalIs Church, Va.. lor*Iinig, Paul -3rucu, 2019 K St., lTl1, lfashington 6r' D. C. lowntn[, S . C. , Ddpt . of ].fainmals, ]io;'a1 'Ontario Museum, Toronto !, Ont. lunnlng, Mrs. John, 3iologiciLl Laboratorj-es, Harvard Univ. , Cambrldge, i"l4 D ;J .221 Sprin r St, , Ossi-ning, iT. Yo I nlnn f n Ir JrT Levt 5cho1s , Dr. Portcr, 4420 irion t'^on^ery Rd. , Lynchburg, Va. Elems,p r:Stan, Box 16L, lt'orth!ni;ton, Ir[inno -Bwers, tsalph, Cincinna*r,i i'{uiseun of Neitural History, Ci-ncinnatl 2, Ohlo. tr.r:rzinr^ iilz.nnlg, 4?ll ilighlanC .i,/,-.", iTpper j{ontclalf, -l!. J. F'rerl?i oksnn - Dr" Luther, TenneSSee Dept, Of PUbliC Health, NaShVllle, Tenn. Gale, Rick, 1')5t) Ticonderoga D::ive, San l4aieo, Calif. CaIe, Dr. N. j)., Box 459, Ralboa, C::ral Zonc Cier, Dr, Herschel , ZooL, Dept., i(aneas State, Manhatten, I{.ansas Cillespie, John, I606 Rurnwood RC. , j3altimore 12, rvtd. Class, Dr. Eryan,'' Zr:o!. Dept. , Cklahcrna ,State, Stillwater, CkIa. Coehring, Dr. H. H. r 3io1. Dept., State College, St. Cloud, Minn. 32. Coslin, Dr. Robert, 316 lVilson Ave., Columbus 5, Chio. Graharn, Richard, Marnmal Dept., Arner. Museum of Nat. Hist. , New York 24, N. Y. Cusciora, "jrialter, N. J. Dept. of Health, Trenton 25, N.J. Hall, Dr. John, Eiology Dept. , Albright College, Reading, Fa. Haught, James C. , . ox 2Z\, Funkstown, il4d. Hayward, Dr. -3ruce, N. M. V,'estern College, Silver City, N. iui. Hedgee, Sgt. Jarnes, U. S. Marine Band, 8th & Eye St.S.E., V/ashington 3, D. C. Herreid, Clyde F. , Biology Dept. , Univ. of Alaska, College, Alaska Hitchcock, Dr. H. B., Biology Dept., i,ri:1:,1lel::rry College, .r.v-iddlebury, Vt. Hoffrneister, Dr. D. F. , h4.useurri of Nat. iiist. , Univ, of lllinois, Urbana, Ill. Holrnes, Dr. Iqi. A., Cregcn State Board cf ileatth, 1400 SW 5th Ave., Portland i, Cre. Holsinger, John R. , Pleasani Hili Rd. , Itt. 6, l{arrisonburg, Va. Hoy, Charles N., 200 Y/alnut Place, Syracuce 10, N. Y. Johnson, Dr; i\,::urray, Biological Research Lab., Univ. of Fuget Sound, Tacorna 6, Vrrash. Jones, Arthur L. , IKEZU Rai.:c, 909 Jackson Blvd. , Rapid City, S, D. Krutzsch, Dr. Fhil.ip, Ana'corny Dept., Medical School, Univ. of Fittsburgh, Fittsburgh, Pa. r{rzanowski, Dr. A.dam, Institute of Experirnental Biology, Folish Academy of .Sciences, Fulawy, Poland. L,arge, Dr. .O. E., Dept. of Health, Farliarnent Buildings, Rgom 5510 East Elock, Toronto, Cntario. . Layne, Dr. Jarnes, Riology Dept. , Univ. of Fla. , Gainesville, Fta. Lidicker, Dr. r,L. 2,, N{useum of Vertebrate Zoo1., Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Calif. Linsky, RonalC, Biology Dept., tiniv. of Southern Calif., Los Angeles ?, Calif. Manville, Dr. Richard H., U. S. .Fish Er VJildlife Service, Room 61, U. S. Natl. Museurn, 1"i/ashington25, D. C. Marland, Qregg, Box 4?07, V. F'. I. , Blacksburg, Va. Martin, Robert, Science Depart, State Cc".1ege, Flattsburgh, N. Y, McClure, H. Elliott, U. S. Arrrry lvjedical lie"earch Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lurnpur, i'fa1a.ya McHugh, M. J., Rtc 1 Box?.'.".A. !,::;..'e Caiif, McCoy, Clarence, Biology Dept., Univ. ol C':Lcrado, Boulder, Colo. Meador, Joel Tom, Route I, ElCoraCo, ?c-,. Meehan, L,inda, 2906 lviadera Ave., Ca.l:l:n.r 19, Calif. Mohr, Charles E,, Z5L9 Glenwccd t;., Iia-',arnazoo, Mich. Moison, Caston, Universite L,aval. l. . C'. Mueller, Helrr,.ut, Zoology Dept. , tJriiv. ci ',/isC. , lv{adison, r,I.Iisc. Mumford, Dr. R. E. , Forestry Dept. , F'urduc Univ. , L.afayette, Ind. Murphy,Frances, Health De;t. , ) d'3 New St. , l'ast Crange, N. J. Myers, Dr. R. F., FioIcgT De.i., Central M..r. State College, Warrensburg, Mo. Nader, Iyad, itr.useum of Nat:'r r1. Hj:tor1r, Ur.jr. of lll,Urbana,' I11. Neller, Earl, 4ZOL Magnclia .1:e., St. Loui. 10, Mo. Nelson, Dr. John, Zoo\ogy Dr:yt., Univ. o'O.ueensland, Brisbene, Australia, 33. Nethervror:Ln-l lle".,xrs, A. Haarr, iZ5l N. Negley Ave,, trittst'urgh 6, Fa. N35 Library, 'e5' I'T. Negley i'rve. , ! itt'sburgh 6, Fa. C'lsson, Svcn-ol-j-e, Cestra Foerr:tarls;vatan 23B" i''lalrnoe; C. S.nieCen Crt'.,,ieara, la,vi.,-i, Anir.:"ral Fatholoq'y lcpi., Univ" of i":ie., Crono, L,':,e. Creqon itatr: -oard oi rJ-alth, ':'piler-riiology Section, F.oon.' 366, I.i00 SW, 5th .Avc., rortlarl l, ('L.'. Cregon itate rloarC ot Flealt.r, ,, l,lic Health Litrrary, ::i00.1',i.'5th A.ve., PoiitlanC l, Cre. Feck, Ste."var'\, : ;02 l{irl-.v",oo3, .,lavenport, Iowa. F'eterson, P"usscll Ir., 1,,ocus'i, I{. i. Folish .A.caC,e.r.v o{ Scicnce, ii'. ai,:'v::al R.csearch Institute, ?ialowieza, troland Foole, Fryan, ?.256 N. = rant )i:., ' url:i n3ton, Cnt. Raun, C. :,. , ?exas il'rie:-,lorj.al ,.':user-rrii, 24th pr. Trinity, Austin 5, Texas, Rivero, Jar.rn 1':., Inst. of i'.,iarii.,e 1'-:.iology, Unvi. of Fuerto R-ico, Managuaz, F. R. Rybert, l:r. iiof, Eiology Inetitu.te, A.lnarp, Sweden Rydzewski, -tlr. -\r';. , L,ahroratory olCrnithology, Sienkiewicza 71, l,Irrroclaw, FolanC Schnricit, Vic, lox .3.)3, Carnegie 'Iech. , Fittsburgh 13, Fa. "Schneli, Jay, Zooloty i--tept., Univ, of .leorgia, Athens, Ca. Sealander, r)r. John, Zaology lopt., trniv. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark. Slorter, I)r. 'llan, triology l)ept., State College, AIva, Ck1a. Smiley, Dan, i',riohonk Iake, New York Snrith, Clara, T,oology lept., Llni.v. of Chicago, Chicago 3?, Ilt. Smith DonalC A., P,iolo<y Dept., Carleton tTniv., Cttawa 1., Cnt. Snlith, Dr. trIizabeth, Smithville, Chio. Snyder, Ilr. Dana, Zoology Dept. , tiniv. of i\.:iassachusetts, Arnherst, Mase, Spencer, Dwiaht, Riology Dept. , State College, Emporia, i{ansas Starrctt, lr. .And.rer.v, :3io1oqy Dept. , Northeastern tlniv. , Eoston i 5, i./ass. Stallworthy, Dr. \i P. , Riology l)ept. , ir,jt. Allison Univ. , Sac-trville, N. R. Stegeraan, D.r. LeRoy C. , Zoology Dept. , State U. College of Forestry, ,Syracuse i 0, N. Y, Stcllmack, Jack, Rox 649, State College, Pa. Sterling, i,(erry B. , A sst. to Dean, School of Ceneral ,Studie s, Colunibia Univ. , NewYork 27. Stones, Rober't C., Dept. Biological:3ciences, turdue llniv., I-,afayette, Ind. Sulkin, I)r. 5. Fldward, SVr' i,f e':iical School, 532,3 F{arry Hines B1vd. , f)allas 35, Tex. Tamsitt, J. R., Ilepto de F'iolo*ia, Universidad de Los Andes Calle 18 A Carrera i -E Rogota, Colornbia Thorna, Ben, i iZ t Argyle 3t. , 5t. l:aul 3, l"{inn. Tinkle, l]r. Donald, Zoology Dept., 'Iexas Tech., Lubbock, Tex. Trenary, 1.,:iss Ethyl, State La-b. of Hygiene, l.,ladison 6, {,r,iisc. Tuttle, ll,' erl'r r. , I ittle Creek School, Concord, Tenn. Tyers, John A., r,i.rind Cave Natl. Fark, Hot Springs, 5. D. Van Deusen, Hobart, American itruseum. of Natural History, New York 24, New York ViLla, Dr. Be rnardo, i'useo National de lu,iexico, Mexico D. F. 74 rii aIley, p{311e:n, 3 !2 ii. .4th St, , lanlwich, IlI. \.iiarnock, ,l r. Jchn, I11. Natl. Hist, 5urvey, Natural Resources Fldg, , IJrbana, I1I. l,f'3!ers; Dr. Jcceph, 65 ilonney frill J-,ane, Hanson, :rliass. V;hitney, C'r. NT. R., Rerry Fii:;es .R-1., Rt. l, Box tri, fi,apiC Ci.ty, 5. D. Y,iidlife Survey Section, C. S. i. R. C. Canberra ACT, A.ustralia V:ilson, I\'lixo'r-', Eernice P. Rishop l" useun':, l{onolulu i "i, l{awaii irril son, 3sf $y l ,-. , R . R. i , Cane yville, r{y . '"I:irnsatt, Dr. :t'rir. , ZooIog.y Dept. , Cornell lI . , Ithaca, I{' Y. BA? 'IESTFiLICTIO]I iiol A $PORT ? Ed-ilo;: cf iiSS l.ier.is, iirat tr. ?, car-ricC -u'.:-e fo11nal,. vii*un an in'r,efe:t in FRC LVi: 1":ayre H. Davis Dept. of Zoology I-lnive; :;ity of Kentuc!<y L,exinqton, Kentucky io