METHODS OF ADAPTATION TO TRAINING EFFECTS IN COMBAT SPORTS.

ISSN: 2181-3906 2025 International scientific journal «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ 1036 METHODS OF ADAPTATION TO TRAINING EFFECTS IN COMBAT SPORTS. Yuldashov Uzakbay Kengashovich Berdakh Karakalpak State University Department of Theory and Methodology of Physical Culture. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18047524 Abstract. This article examines the possibilities of using compensation and supercompensation mechanisms within the system of modifying training loads during competitive and inter-competitive cycles, taking into account the phased increase of training loads and the development of athletes’ work capacity based on long-term scientific research. Systems for modifying training loads based on the assessment of the athlete’s current condition and the identification of training shifts make it possible to intensify the training process and increase its effectiveness. Keywords: alarm phase, resistance phase, exhaustion phase, frequent changes in wrestling competition rules. In sports physiology, it is customary to distinguish between short-term and long-term adaptation. Short-term adaptation is based on a stress response consisting of three stages: 1. Alarm phase; 2. Resistance phase; 3. Exhaustion phase. These stages were described in detail by the Canadian pathophysiologist Hans Selye. The exhaustion phase is accompanied by an increase in the production of adrenaline and noradrenaline. The resistance phase is characterized by an increase in the production of corticosteroid hormones that activate growth processes. The duration of each phase depends on the organism’s innate adaptability; however, adaptation processes are not unlimited. During the exhaustion phase, the stress response weakens, the adrenal glands become fatigued, and the protective effect is lost. Long-term adaptation includes changes in the functioning of organs and systems in response to external conditions, including the system of training loads and their increase or decrease. Therefore, when modifying training loads, it is necessary to take into account the level of strain on all organs and systems based on the quantitative assessment of these stress parameters. Long-term scientific studies conducted by V.S. Stepanov indicate that standard training loads applied in working with highly qualified athletes gradually reduce training effectiveness over time. This leads to a decrease in training adaptations and a slowdown in the growth of sports mastery. Consequently, one of the most important factors in increasing sports performance is the consistent increase in the volume or intensity of loads in accordance with specific training objectives and the preparedness level of the athletes. For this reason, a number of training systems, especially foreign ones, employ methods based on stress loads that significantly transform adaptation processes and allow for substantial training adaptations during various training cycles [80; pp. 62–64]. Long-term studies by T.S. Achilov and T.U. Zufarov made it possible to apply compensation and supercompensation mechanisms within systems of modifying training loads ISSN: 2181-3906 2025 International scientific journal «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ 1037 during competitive and inter-competitive cycles, taking into account phased increases in training loads and the development of athletes’ work capacity. Systems for modifying loads based on evaluating the athlete’s current condition and identifying training adaptations enhance the activation of the training process and improve its effectiveness. An in-depth analysis of the structure and content of competitive activity among GrecoRoman wrestlers revealed that competition rules change very frequently. This compels specialists to continuously seek ways to adapt individual training programs to changing competitive conditions and to periodically introduce significant modifications to the technical and tactical training process [20; pp. 16–20]. The fundamental works of A.L. Kabanov are devoted to the problem of the optimal ratio between general and special training. Firstly, the author emphasizes the extraordinary complexity of this problem, and secondly, identifies a number of specific principles that define its essence. He notes that athlete training is a multi-component process, the content of which includes factors specific to specialization in a chosen sport (special training) and other components of the training process that do not directly belong to sport specialization but positively influence athletic development (general training). The optimal combination of these components ensures the most effective preparation of athletes and reflects the principle of unity between general and special training. The specific characteristics of a given sport significantly influence the content of general training, leading to considerable differentiation. The ratio of volume and intensity of special training depends on many factors, including the athlete’s level of preparedness, the specific characteristics of the sport, the stage of long-term training, and individual developmental traits. At the same time, these ratios vary widely and represent general directional principles rather than exact quantitative values [47; pp. 36–38]. Long-term research conducted by S.N. Nikitin and A.G. Levitsky made a significant contribution to the development of the problem of individualizing athlete training. They developed a systematic methodology for creating rational approaches to training highly qualified wrestlers based on individual characteristics, formed a comprehensive training system for elite wrestlers, and developed a three-level, athlete-centered training concept. This concept allows for the optimization of educational, training, and competitive processes by taking into account the athlete’s unique characteristics. As a result, the authors scientifically substantiated and developed an ideal model of an Olympic wrestler and, on this basis, created an effective system for improving an individual competitive style aimed at achieving optimal sports results. The idea of an individualized activity style for wrestlers was proposed, characterized by stable tactical techniques and their variations based on individual psychological, functional, tactical, technical, anatomical, and morphological characteristics [66; pp. 67–69]. In our opinion, the planning and adjustment of training loads for wrestlers should be carried out based on a comprehensive individual assessment of their special preparedness. The experimentally developed technology for planning and regulating load parameters based on an analysis of individual characteristics of wrestling mastery significantly increases the effectiveness of the training process and contributes to a stable growth in athletes’ sporting achievements. ISSN: 2181-3906 2025 International scientific journal «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ 1038 References 1. 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