2023 Salda-Yeşilova Survey and Epigraphic Findings

journal.phaselis.org Disiplinlerarası Akdeniz Araştırmaları Dergisi Journal of Interdisciplinary Mediterranean Studies Issue XI (2025) 2023 Salda-Yeşilova Survey and Epigraphic Findings 2023 Yılı Salda-Yeşilova Yüzey Araştırması ve Epigrafik Buluntuları F. Eray DÖKÜ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-2580 Şenkal KİLECİ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-7407 The entire contents of this journal, Phaselis: Journal of Interdisciplinary Mediterranean Studies, is open to users and it is an ‘open access’ journal. Users are able to read the full texts, to download, to copy, print and distribute without obtaining the permission of the editor and author(s). However, all references to the articles published in the e-journal Phaselis are to indicate through reference the source of the citation from this journal. Phaselis: Journal of Interdisciplinary Mediterranean Studies is a peer-reviewed journal and the articles which have had their peer reviewing process completed will be published on the web-site (journal.phaselis.org) in the year of the journal’s issue (e.g. Issue XI: JanuaryDecember 2025). At the end of December 2025 the year’s issue is completed and Issue XII: January-December 2026 will begin. Responsibility for the articles published in this journal remains with the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Citation Dökü F. E. & Kileci Ş. 2025, “2023 Salda-Yeşilova Survey and Epigraphic Findings”. Phaselis XI, 75-92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18035454 Received Date: 22.10.2025 | Acceptance Date: 10.12.2025 Online Publication Date: 26.12.2025 Editing Phaselis Research Project www.phaselis.org e-ISSN: 2149-7826 Received Date: 22.10.2025 Acceptance Date: 10.12.2025 Online Publication Date: 26.12.2025 XI (2025) 75-92 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18035454 journal.phaselis.org 2023 Salda-Yeşilova Survey and Epigraphic Findings 2023 Yılı Salda-Yeşilova Yüzey Araştırması ve Epigrafik Buluntuları F. Eray DÖKÜ* Şenkal KİLECİ ** Abstract: This article evaluates the archaeological and epigraphic finds and data obtained during the SaldaYeşilova Survey’s 2023 Season. The survey documented numerous archaeological and epigraphic finds in rural settlements, particularly in the villages of Alanköy, Doğanbaba, Salda, Harmanlı, and the Kayadibi Neighbourhood. In addition to identifying the previously unknown demos of Osamylia, finds such as votive altars, funerary stelae, and rock-cut tombs were recorded. Among all recorded finds, the Osamylian Demos itself and its dedication to Zeus Poteis are particularly significant for establishing a new demos identification and for understanding the religious belief system within the demos. Among the archaeological findings, those from the Yankıtaşı Rock-Cut Tomb are especially noteworthy, demonstrating cultural continuity extending from the Bronze Age through the Roman and early Turkish periods. Keywords: Salda-Yeşilova, Osamylia Demos, Zeus Poteis, Theoi Pisidikoi, Yankıtaşı Rock-Cut Tomb, Epitaph Öz: Makalede 2023 yılı Salda-Yeşilova yüzey araştırmasına ilişkin arkeolojik ve epigrafik buluntular ile elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırmada Alanköy, Doğanbaba, Salda, Harmanlı köyleri ve Kayadibi Mahallesi başta olmak üzere kırsal yerleşimlerde çok sayıda arkeolojik ve epigrafik buluntu tespit edilmiştir. Daha önce bilinmeyen Osamylia Demos’unun tespitinin yanı sıra adak sunakları, mezar stelleri ve kaya mezarları gibi buluntular kayda alınmıştır. Kayda alınan tüm buluntular içerisinde özellikle Osamylia Demos’unun kendisi ve Zeus Poteis’e adağı, yeni bir demos tespitinin yapılması ve demos’taki dinsel inanç sisteminin anlaşılması açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Arkeolojik bulgular arasında ise bilhassa Yankıtaşı Kaya Mezarı’ndakiler, Bronz Çağı’ndan başlayarak Roma ve erken Türk dönemlerine uzanan kültürel sürekliliği ortaya koymaktadır. Anahtar sözcükler: Salda-Yeşilova, Osamylia Demos’u, Zeus Poteis, Theoi Pisidikoi, Yankıtaşı Kaya Mezarı, Mezar Steli The objectives of Salda-Yeşilova Survey started in 2022 are as follows: firstly, to examine the impact of the natural landscape formed by Lakes Salda, Akgöl, and Yarışlı on the archaeological cultural landscape throughout history; secondly, to identify settlement patterns that developed in the region; then to document the economic uses of the lakes and surrounding plains; and finally, to record historical roads and transportation networks identified in the lake valleys. In accordance with the stated research objectives, the study area was initially determined to be Salda Lake and its environment. The survey encompassed archaeological survey at 23 sites across 1 neighbourhood and 9 villages, including Kayadibi Neighbourhood, Alanköy, Salda, Doğanbaba, Işıklar, Güney, Karaköy, Yarışlı, Harmanlı and Düden villages (Fig. 1). * Prof. Dr., Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü, Burdur, Türkiye. [email protected]u.tr | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-2580 ** Dr., Independent Researcher, Eğitim Mah. Aşık Şermi Sok. No: 8, 35330 Balçova, İzmir, Türkiye. senkalkileci@ gmail.com | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-7407 F. Eray DÖKÜ & Şenkal KİLECİ 76 Fig. 1. Map showing survey locations, retrieved from Google Earth 1. Survey in the Village of Alanköy Three distinct archaeological sites, namely Alanköy Höyük, Hamam Yıkığı and Yankıtaşı Rock-Cut Tomb, were identified during the surveys conducted in Alanköy near Çorak Lake, which is located northeast of Yeşilova and is currently a dried-up lake. Alanköy Höyük (mound): In the course of the survey conducted on the mound, in addition to Bronze Age pottery, the most abundant group of finds consists of ceramics dated to the Roman Imperial Period (3rd–4th centuries CE). In addition, a small number of glazed pottery fragments were documented. A funerary stele was identified in the proximity of the mound and has been transferred to the Burdur Archaeology Museum: No. 1.1: Epitaph of Athenagoras An epitaph of limestone with a triangular pediment which appears to have been cut off. Acroteria are observable on both the left and right sides. The left acroterion measures 8 cm in height and 7 cm in width, while the right one has a broken part. There are clamp holes at the bottom of the stele on both sides, measuring 10 cm in length, 3 cm in width, and 3 cm in depth. Evidence of a wreath, now erased, and an inscription is observable on the body of the stele. The area containing the inscription and the wreath is framed and measures 92.5 cm in height and 43 cm in width. It is evident, from the extant vestiges, that the wreath exhibited a diameter of 21 cm.The inscription is constituted of two discrete texts, separated by a space, and exhibiting analogous stylistic features. The letters epsilon and sigma are rendered in a lunar form. Find Spot: Alanköy Höyük Dimensions: H.: 1.14 m, l.: 0.55 m, D.: 0.20 m, Letter h.: 0.015-0.025 m. Date: Roman Imperial Period. 2023 Salda-Yeşilova Survey and Epigraphic Findings 77 Ἀθηναγόρα Δαμᾶ ⋅ v. γυνὴ Τατίς, υεἱὸς Ἀρεύς, 3 χαίρετε. vacat τὴν στ˹ή˺λην ἀνέστησεν Αρτιμις Χάρητος 6 ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ. (Stele) of Athenagoras, son of Damas. His wife Tatis, and son Areus. Farewell! Η is wife Artimis, daughter of Khares erected this stele. LL.1-6: Athenagoras is a name frequently encountered in the regions of Phrygia and Pisidia1. He had a son named Areus2 from his wife, Tatis. These names are carved in nominative, after which comes the word farewell written in second-person plural. In the sixth line stands Artimis, daughter of Khares3. Of which the former is of Asia Minor origin and a local variant used in place of Artemis4. According to the only verb carved between the fifth and sixth lines ἀνέστησεν, the stele is erected by Artimis, the wife of a man pointed out by αὐτοῦ, which is either Athenagoras himself, which makes her his second wife, or Areus. The story behind the writing seems challenging. According to the first two lines Tatis and Areus seems to be the ones erected the stele and the last three lines give an opposite information about the erection. It is probably all three had the idea of the erection and ordered for the stele but in the meantime Tatis and Areus passed away. This can explain the nominative case, which can also explain the plural farewell. So the stele was erected by Artimis, the wife of Areus, given with αὐτοῦ in the last line. Then a possible family tree is as follows: Damas | Athenagoras ~ Tatis Khares | | Areus ~ Artimis 1 For Athenagoras and Damas see LGPN Vc, s.v. 2 For Areus see Perpillou 1973, 238-239 §263. 3 See LGPN Vc, s.v. 4 Kretschmer et al. 1914, 267. F. Eray DÖKÜ & Şenkal KİLECİ 78 L. 2: In the writing of the name Ἀρεύς, the letter sigma is inscribed over the letter upsilon. This name, which is not frequently documented, is known from Oinoanda, located near the region5. Apart from that, it has previously been recorded in the region of Caria, as well as in Laconia, Attica, and the Cimmerian Bosporus6. L. 4: The stonecutter carved the word στήλη as ΣΤΑΛΗ, and corrected the wrong alpha by adding a eta on top of the letter A(lpha). Hamam Yıkığı locality: In the survey carried out at the Hamam Yıkığı locality, located approximately 10 meters north of Alanköy Mound, no identifiable architectural remains were encountered despite the presence of extensive rubble stone accumulations. However, a high concentration of Roman Period (3rd–4th centuries CE) ceramics and roof tiles was observed in the area. In addition, a small number of glazed pottery fragments were also included in the find inventory. Yankıtaşı Rock-Cut Tomb: Located in the northern part of Alanköy, the Yankıtaşı Rock-Cut Tomb represents a highly significant and unique example among Roman Period rock-cut tombs in both the Pisidia Region and Anatolian archaeology. The entrance to the tomb is provided by a simple rectangular doorway with no architectural ornamentation. On the lower right side of the doorway, there are reliefs arranged in two rectangular panels. These reliefs depict a struggle between lions and mountain goats. Inside the tomb chamber, which has a rectangular plan and a barrel-vaulted ceiling, there is an L-shaped kline. At the center of the kline, a rectangular-shaped cutout pit can be observed. On the right side of the tomb’s exterior façade, there is a relief panel depicting scene of combat between a lion and a goat. Beneath this panel, there are two goats arranged in an antithetic composition. A second panel has also been identified below this scene, although it has been damaged. On the façade of the tomb, numerous petroglyphs have been documented, consisting of primitive mountain goat figures and human figures holding spears, all created by incising the rock surface (Fig. 2). The Yankıtaşı Rock-Cut Tomb was first identified by M. Özsait and was dated to the Roman Period7. In studies conducted by Th. Corsten and O. Hülden, the tomb was re-documented, and O. Hülden, comparing it with examples from Sardis, interpreted it as an early example belonging to the Archaic Period8. Most recently, A. Çankaya, an archaeologist from the Burdur Museum, has conducted research on the petroglyphs found on the tomb9. During our survey, 3D modelling studies were conducted on the tomb, which features a highly unique architectural plan and façade arrangement for the region, revealing previously unseen details of the petroglyphs. The rock-cut tomb was determined to have been constructed during the Roman Imperial Period, while the petroglyphs were identified as the earliest traces of Turkic presence in the region10. Evaluation: The earliest archaeological evidence in Alanköy has been identified at the mound bearing the same name, located within the village. In addition to Prehistoric and Protohistoric period ceramics, a large quantity of pottery dating to the Roman Imperial Period (3rd–4th centuries CE) has been found at the mound. A small number of glazed ceramic fragments were also found from the area. Following this early settlement phase, no archaeological remains dating to the period between that phase and the Roman Imperial Period have been identified. During the Roman Imperial Period, rubble stone foundation remains and scattered ceramic finds suggest the presence of a small-scale settlement. 5 SEG 54, 1424 cf. LX 1559, 1561B; see also LGPN Vc, Vb s.v. 6 LGPN II, IIIa, IV, s.v. 7 Özsait 2001, 181. 8 Hülden 2012, 371-382. 9 Çankaya 2015, 50; Eker 2023, 95. 10 A detailed study on the Yankıtaşı Rock-Cut Tomb is currently being prepared for publication by A. B. Can and C. Sazak. 2023 Salda-Yeşilova Survey and Epigraphic Findings 79 This settlement is further supported by the discovery of the funerary stele. It can be inferred that the family members mentioned in the epitaph lived in this settlement. In light of this stele and other findings such as the Yankıtaşı Rock-Cut Tomb, it is reasonable to conclude that the settlement during the Roman Imperial Period was a small kome (village) or farmstead, similar in scale to its present state. Fig. 2. Yankıtaşı Rock-Cut Tomb and the Petroglyphs 2. Survey in the Village of Doğanbaba Archaeological surveys conducted in the village of Doğanbaba, situated to the north of Lake Salda, were concentrated in seven distinct locations, resulting in the identification of a total of 27 archaeological artifacts. In addition to the village square and residential areas, the investigation encompassed the Eski Mezarlık, the Sayarcık locality, the Yaymancı locality, the Gavur Sandığı locality, and the Beşiktaşı locality. Within the village square, six archaeological elements were documented: a threshold stone, a bell-shaped lithos, a crushing cylinder, a rectangular votive altar featuring relief decoration and an inscription, a rectangular votive altar adorned with garland motifs, and a Doric column capital. In the residential sector of the village, the survey recorded a plinth and a fragment of an architectural block, one of which was identified as an inscribed votive altar. No. 2.1: Votive Altar The votive stele in the form of an altar is carved from limestone. The monument stands at a total height of 52 cm and has a width of 21 cm; the base measures 10 cm in height. One face bears an inscription, while the remaining three faces display figural reliefs. On one side, a relief of the solar deity Helios is depicted11. Although the facial features have been damaged, the figure is rendered in bust form, and the radiate crown upon the head remains clearly discernible. The drapery folds of the garment worn by Helios are visible. Another face features a relief of a female deity, though lacking any definitive iconographic attributes that would permit secure identification. The figure, 11 For Helios depictions, see LIMC IV/2, 366–385; for comparison regarding the relief on the altar, see p. 377, no. 308. F. Eray DÖKÜ & Şenkal KİLECİ 80 standing and portrayed frontally, measures 12 cm in width and 35 cm in height. The head is damaged, but the figure is clad in a long garment that covers the head. On a third face, a large vessel is depicted in relief, presumed to be a libation bowl. The vessel measures 14 cm in width and 8.5 cm in height. The fourth face bears a five-line inscription with letter heights measuring 2 cm. The script exhibits lunate forms of epsilon and sigma. Find Spot: Doğanbaba Village, village square. Dimensions: H.: 0.52 m, W.: 0.21 m, H.: 0.23 m, Letter h.: 0.02 m. Date: 2nd–3rd centuries CE. Θεοῖς εὐχὴν Μᾶρ- κος Δομίτιος 5 Ῥοῦφος Marcus Domitius Rufus has fulfilled his vow to gods. No. 2.2: Votive Offering to Zeus Poteis Limestone block. A high-profile projection is located at the upper part of the block. The upper part of the block, which is upside down, cannot be seen, and the lower part is diagonally broken, probably from the middle, and this part is missing. Based on the traces, it originally bore a minimum of 11 lines of inscription, but 10 lines are legible. The inscription was written irregularly; the letter epsilon is in oval form and sometimes its middle bar is connected to the stem. Sigma letters are rendered 2023 Salda-Yeşilova Survey and Epigraphic Findings 81 both in oval and angular forms; upsilon appears in both Y and V shapes. Omega letters are in oval form as ω. The letter M is flat, while the letter N is carved either with the left stroke extended at the top or with the middle bar projecting from the upper left. Kappa is written with short cross-bars. Findspot: Doğanbaba Köyü, köy yerleşim alanında, bir konutun önünde. Dimensions: H.: 0.53 m, W.: 0.38 m, D.: 0.37 m, L.h.: 0.025-0.035 m. Date: 161 CE (Sullan era) – 216 CE (Actian era). ἔτους σμϛ′ ⋅ ὁ δῆμος Οσαμυλιανῶν v. Διῒ Ποτι εὐvv. 5 χήν⋅ v. ἐπιμεv. ληθέντων Μενάνδρου Ἀπολλωνίο[υ] καὶ Μενάν[δρου] 10 Ἱππάρχο[υ – – – ] [ – – – – – – – – – ] The year 246. The people of Osamylians (has fulfilled) their vow to Zeus Poteis. Menandros, son of Apollonios, and Menandros, son of Hipparchos, have supervised (the erection of statue/image/stele?). L.1: The inscriptions around Lake Salda are dated according to the Sullan era12. In this case, the year 246 of the Sulla era corresponds to 161 CE. The extremely rough and careless execution of the letterforms, as well as the way the omega (ω) and upsilon (V and Y) letters are written, suggest that this inscription might be from a later date. In addition to Sullan era, another era that has been widely accepted in Asia Minor is the Actium era13. If the mentioned date is evaluated based on the Actium era, it corresponds to 215 CE. This date could also be considered plausible based on the style of the inscription’s letterforms. Ll. 2-3: ὁ δῆμος Ὀσαμυλιανῶν - The demos of the Osamylians appears as a previously unidentified demos. Based on the location where the inscription was found, it is likely to have been situated near the village of Doğanbaba. Another known demos in this region is the settlement of Takina14, located to the north of Lake Yarışlı, east of Doğanbaba village. Looking at the broader region, two other demoi are known: Ormeleis in Karamanlı to the south, and Makron Pedion in the Upper Lysis Valley15. L. 4: ΠOTI sic. This is associated with the Anatolian root Pot-, was previously recorded in the genitive 12 Leschhorn 1993, 287-289. 13 Leschhorn 1993, 287-289. 14 Arundell 1834, 117-118; Ramsay 1887, 361, 366-368; 1895, 218, 276, 278, 295-297, 329; Ruge 1932, 295-297; Bean 1959, 67-117; Robert, Villes2, 105-121; Özsait 1976, 86; Şahin & French 1987, 133-150; Milner & Hall, Kibyra Olbasa, 53-58; Destephen 2007; Labarre et al. 2010, 59-88; French, Roman Roads 3:10, 40-41; Corsten & Hülden 2012, 48-54; Dökü 2022, 238-242; Sazak 2023; Kileci 2024. 15 Horsley & Kearsley 1998; Corsten 2005. F. Eray DÖKÜ & Şenkal KİLECİ 82 form Ποτεως in an inscription from Kadoi, where it referred to the founder of the cult16. The same word appears on coins from Dionysopolis in Phrygia as Zeus Ποτηος17, and on an altar near Lake Burdur as Διῒ Ποτει18. It can also be seen in a tomb inscription containing a curse, housed in the Isparta Museum, as Δεὶ Ποτει19. Ll. 7-10: The names Menandros, Apollonios, and Hipparchos are among the commonly encountered names, particularly in the region of Phrygia, as well as in Pisidia20. Area of Eski Mezarlık: Five archaeological artifacts dated to the 5th century CE have been documented: a column capital with tongue motif, a rectangular block decorated with a cross, an ornamented altar, a rectangular altar with an inscription and thunderbolt relief, on which the name Menandros, possibly son of Hipparchos, is carved21, and an inscribed cylindrical epitaph with garland decoration22. Sayarcık locality : In this area, three lithoi (weight stones) and scattered ceramic fragments dating to the Roman Period (3rd–4th centuries CE) have been identified. Despite the presence of rubble stones, no architectural plan has been documented. Yaymancı locality : On the hill north of the village, ceramic and tile fragments from the Roman Period (3rd–4th centuries CE), as well as remains of a damaged monumental tomb, have been recorded. Gavur Sandığı locality : In this area, dense ceramic and tile finds from the Roman Imperial Period (3rd–4th centuries CE) have been documented, along with two distinct types of lithoi. It is considered that the north-south-oriented settlement was used as a seasonal highland settlement belonging to the demos of Osamylians during the Roman Imperial Period. Evaluation: Doğanbaba Village possesses the most extensive settlement layout within the survey area and holds a significant position both in the Salda Lake basin and within the rural settlement structure of the Pisidia region. The key element emphasizing this importance is the presence of epigraphic finds associated with the demos of Osamylians. With its agricultural lands and highland pastures, the settlement is one of the rare rural settlements from the Roman Imperial Period whose name and location can be identified with certainty. The great fortress documented at the Kayadibi Rock location should be considered not only as part of the road network but also within the defense system of the Osamylia. Another place identified through inscriptions in the region, similar to the Osamylia, is Takina, located north of the Yarışlı Lake23. Both share a common feature of being situated by the lake and having broad, fertile agricultural lands. The most significant archaeological evidence indicating intense agricultural activity in these areas is the presence of lithoi dated to the Roman Imperial Period24. The epigraphic and iconographic data found on the altars identified within the settlement shed light on the religious life of the demos during the Roman Imperial Period. The belief of the demos is notably reflected in the offering of an inscribed block dedicated to Zeus Poteis. The depiction of a thunderbolt on another altar belonging to Menandros serves as further evidence of the presence of 16 SEG 41, 1071. It is suggested as Ποτις BE 3 (1992), 519 no. 489. Cf. Robert 1963, 319; Zgusta 1964, 438 §1295.1-3. See also SEG 62, 903; Ricl 2017, 140-141. 17 von Aulock 1987, 55 no. 55-57. 18 Collignon 1879, 335 no. 3; Ramsay 1895, 337 no. 178. 19 Özlem Aytaçlar 2010, 231 no. 19 = SEG LX 1513. For the interchange of ι and ει see Gignac 1976, 189-190. 20 LGPN Vc, s.v. See also Corsten 2025, 168 no. 107. 21 Corsten 2025, 167 no. 107. 22 Corsten 2025, 167-168 no. 108. 23 See fn. 14. 24 Sazak 2023. 2023 Salda-Yeşilova Survey and Epigraphic Findings 89 [ – – ]Ω Ἀντωνείν[ῳ – – ] For … -us Antoninus … Hamam Yıkığı locality : Within the village, remains of a structure, possibly belonging to a second bathhouse, have been encountered. Although the structure is heavily damaged, fragments of terracotta water pipes and block stones belonging to a vault can still be seen within the ruins. On the walls of a residential building located directly adjacent to this area, traces of a thick layer of mortar, likely associated with the bathhouse, can be observed. Additionally, in front of the staircase of the same residence, an architectural block decorated using the incising technique on plaster has been found. Due to the severe level of destruction, the precise date and function of the structure could not be definitively determined. Additionally, a total of six architectural block stones, identified in different locations within the village, including one relief-carved altar and one superstructure element, have been observed and documented. Conclusion and Evaluation Among the rural settlements identified during the Salda-Yeşilova survey project, the Asar settlement in Yazır Village, where the inscription of the demos of Takina was found during the 2022 field season, is of particular importance. This settlement is notable both for its extensive necropolis composed of khamasorion-type tombs and for the evidence of urban production within the settlement itself, as well as the weight stones identified in the villages and farmsteads affiliated with the demos, which are understood to have been used for agricultural production. Takina, located on Asar Tepe to the northwest of Yazır Lake and overlooking the entire lake and its basin, is thought to have been the central settlement to which the entire agricultural economy of the lake and its surroundings, and consequently the komai, were connected due to its geographical position. During the 2023 season, an inscription discovered and deciphered by our team for the first time in the village of Doğanbaba, located north of Lake Salda, identified this village as belonging to the Osamylia Demos. Until now, the known demoi in the region and its surroundings Makronpedion36 in the Upper Lysis Valley, and Ormeleis37 (Karamanlı). As mentioned above, archaeological and epigraphic findings dated to the Roman period have been documented within the village of Doğanbaba (Fig. 3). The presence of a cult of Zeus within this demos is clearly attested by a votive dedication to Zeus Poteis. If the individuals named in other inscribed finds discovered in the same village are assumed to have lived in this demos, then the altar with a thunderbolt motif dedicated by Menandros, along with the votive offering by Marcus Domitius Rufus referring to the cults of Helios and Artemis, indicate that these were also among the prominent deities worshipped in the area. Given the density of these finds, it is highly likely that the central settlement of the Osamylia Demos was located in Doğanbaba Village. In the northern part of the village, dense concentrations of coarse everydayuse pottery and lithic artifacts have been identified in the area known as Yaymancı and Gavursandığı, a high plateau that, as is the case today, was used during the summer months for the activities of agriculture and livestock. In the south of the village, lithoi observed scattered around the Sayarcık locality near Lake Salda also indicate that these lands were used for agricultural purposes. 36 Horsley & Kearsley 1998. 37 Corsten 2005. F. Eray DÖKÜ & Şenkal KİLECİ 90 Fig. 3. Map showing the demoi around the survey area, retrieved from Google Earth, coordinates obtained via pleiades.stoa.org In conclusion, the Takina settlement and Osamylia Demos, located to the north of the Yarışlı and Salda lakes, respectively, and overlooking the basin, exhibit a relatively more extensive settlement pattern compared to the komai. As in the case of Takina, large necropoleis are found, separated from the main settlement, such as at Asar Tepe. They resemble cities with virtually no public buildings. Due to their locations, the demoi of Takina and Osamylia became centers of the agricultural and pastoral economy carried out by the komai around the lake and its surroundings. 2023 Salda-Yeşilova Survey and Epigraphic Findings 91 BIBLIOGRAPHY Akıncı Öztürk E. & Malay H. 2012, “Four Funerary Curses Recording the Pisidian Gods of the Acıpayam Plain”. EA 45, 89-92. Arundell F. V. 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