Zooplankton biomass and abundance in the Coastal Transition Zone off Northwest Africa

JuanCa losGa ijoLópez&San iagoHe nándezLeón CienciaCompa ida Uni e sidaddeLasPalmasdeG anCana ia Mayo2012 1.In oduc ion 30 ' O· 3 0" 60' N Paco' / o lh EqualO el J Eq.¡aIOIIIII __ ~ --- CounUl. Soulh EQuaJOl'lll - Soulh Pao/IC I~ ~ L b • ~ ¿ "lIFIle G 'Sl Oll ; N Eq.¡alOnlll y; 60· Anla ebC CI cumpola Wa m ClX en N Equ o iaI / " ..... elle Cn:umpolll. Robmson P oJec lon ----~~ Cok! ClX en 1.In oduc ion The CTZo NWA ica Bení ez-Ba ios e al., 2011 A ís egui e al., 2009 In ensemesoscale oceanog aphic ac i i y Gene a ion o ilamen s and island‐induced eddies C C C AA C. Bojado A A A A A A A F C C C F F F F F C Augus , 1999 SST -200 -150 -100 -50 Dep h (m) 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 >3 -200 -150 -100 -50 Dep h (m) 15 16 17 18 17 18 19 21 22 La Palma Gome a Tene i e G an Cana ia Fue e e u a 4 2 Ele a ion(Km) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 137 144 A 152 99 91 83 72 65 51 56 A ís egui e al., 2005 Accumula ion in he co e Iso he m ele a ion Localized upwellings Sinking o su ace wa e s o deepe laye s Cyclonic eddies An icyclonic eddies Eddy- ilamen sys ems Plank on anspo and dis ibu ion Expo o sho e 1.In oduc ion Oceanic ophic chain Roleo zooplank on in he biological pump in he ocean -I connec s he mic obial ood web wi h he la ge o ganisms -Con ol o communi ies loca ed in he uppe and lowe le els -Recycling, edis ibu ion and expo o ma e ial and ene gy ac i e ca bon lux -Biomass -Abundance -Taxonomical composi ion -Dis ibu ion unde s and ophic web ocean 2.Ma e ial&Me hods >2000pa icles >1000µm ac ion <1000µm ac ion 2.Ma e ial&Me hods T ainingse o app oxima ely 2000images Chae ogna ha Euphausiid‐like Gela inous O he Mesozooplank on Copepoda ‐Associa edwi h hosepa ame e s, heso wa ep opo ionedindi idualizedpic u es ‐They we e used o manually c ea e a ainingse 2.Ma e ial&Me hods Disca ds 2.Ma e ial&Me hods G oup ab ±SE Copepoda 43.97 1.52±0.02 0.972 Chae ogna ha 23.45 1.19±0.13 0.840 Euphausiid-like 49.58 1.48±0.05 0.987 Gela inous 43.17 1.02±0.38 0.916 O he Mesozooplank on 43.38 1.54±0.03 0.947 Lehe e and He nández-León (2009) Necessa y a ela ionship be ween biomass and one o he pa ame e s au oma ically measu ed ZooImage 1 36.2 36.3 36.5 36.6 36.7 36.8 4 11 2027 36 4351 57 64 74 76 S a ions 70 Salini y Dep h (m) 50 100 150 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5 19 19.5 20 4 11 2027 36 4351 57 64 7476 S a ions Dep h (m) 50 100 150 70 Tempe a u e (ºC ) 3.Resul s&Discussion 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5 19 19.5 20 67 68 69 70 71 72 S a ions Tempe a u e (ºC) 36.3 36.4 36.5 36.6 36.7 36.8 67 68 69 70 71 72 S a ions Salini y Filamen 0.02 0.06 0.1 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.3 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.46 0.5 0.54 67 68 69 70 71 72 S a ions 28ºW 27.75ºW 27.5ºW 27.25ºW La i ude 0.02 0.06 0.1 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.3 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.46 0.5 0.54 4 11 2027 36 4351 57 64 74 76 S a ions Dep h (m) 50 100 150 14ºW 14.5ºW 15ºW 15.5ºW 16ºW Longi ude 13.5ºW 70 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 67 68 69 70 71 72 S a ions Copepod Abundance (%) 28ºW 27.75ºW 27.5ºW 27.25ºW La i ude 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 S a ions Dep h (m) 50 100 150 70 14ºW 14.5ºW 15ºW 15.5ºW 16ºW 13.5ºW Copepod Abundance (%) Longi ude 3.Resul s&Discussion Biomass (mg dw · m3)T ansec 1 % T ansec 2 % Upwelling % Filamen % Eddy % To al 6.7±3.8 5.7±3.7 11.7±4.6 5.1±3.7 5.5±3.1 Copepod 4.9±2.8 73.8 4.5±2.9 78.8 8.4±4.9 71.6 3.3±2.1 76.3 3.9±2.7 78.3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 S a ions Dep h (m) 50 100 150 70 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 67 68 69 70 71 72 S a ions 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 67 68 69 70 71 72 S a ions 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 S a ions 70 Dep h (m) 50 100 150 Abundance (%) T ansec 1 T ansec 2 Upwelling Filamen An icyclonic eddy Copepod 82.4±9.5 94.8±2.4 83.2±7.3 84.4±7.7 82.9±12.1 3.Resul s&Discussion Abundance (%) 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 O he Mesozooplank on Gela inous Euphausiid-like Chae ogna ha Copepoda 4 11 20 27 36 43 51 57 6474 76 S a ions 70 Abundance (%) 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 O he Mesozooplank on Gela inous Euphausiid-like Chae ogna ha Copepoda 67 68 69 70 71 72 S a ions Biomass (%) 60 70 80 90 100 O he Mesozooplank on Gela inous Euphausiid-like Chae ogna ha Copepoda 13.5ºW 14ºW 14.5ºW 15ºW 15.5ºW 16ºW 4 11 20 27 36 43 51 57 6474 76 S a ions 70 Longi ude Biomass (%) 60 70 80 90 100 O he Mesozooplank on Gela inous Eupahusiid-like Chae ogna ha Copepoda 67 68 69 70 71 72 La i ude 28ºN 27.5ºN 27.25ºN 27.75ºN S a ions ‐‐ ‐Euphausiids did no ollow a clea coas ‐open ocean pa e n ‐They we e a ec ed by he nic eme al cycle ‐I coincides wi h he mig a o y na u e o his species 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 67 68 69 70 71 72 S a ions 28ºW 27.75ºW 27.5ºW 27.25ºW La i ude 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 S a ions Dep h (m) 50 100 150 70 14ºW 14.5ºW 15ºW 15.5ºW 16ºW 13.5ºW Longi ude 3.Resul s&Discussion Abundance (%) To al Upwelling Filamen An icyclonic eddy 200-500 µm 28.2±9.1 21.1±6.3 31.7±10.5 30.9±9.5 500-1000 µm 61.1±9.1 65.7±5.6 52.4±10.3 63.2±7.9 >1000 µm 10.1±7.5 13.1±8.1 13.9±8.4 6.3±3.4 28 34 40 46 52 58 64 70 76 67 68 69 70 71 72 S a ions 28 34 40 46 52 58 64 70 76 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 S a ions Dep h (m) 50 100 150 70 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 S a ions Dep h (m) 50 100 150 70 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 67 68 69 70 71 72 S a ions This dis ibu ion ollows he gene alsize‐pa e n wi h an opposi e dis ibu ion be ween he la ge and he small o ganisms 3.Resul s&Discussion 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 S a ions 70 Dep h (m) 50 100 150 and Copepods 0.02 0.06 0.1 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.3 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.46 0.5 0.54 4 11 2027 36 4351 57 64 74 76 S a ions Dep h (m) 50 100 150 14ºW 14.5ºW 15ºW 15.5ºW 16ºW Longi ude 13.5ºW 70 3.Resul s&Discussion >10 mgdw·m-3 >5 mgdw·m-3 >5 mgdw·m-3 >5 mgdw·m-3 >5 mgdw·m-3 U >5 mgdw·m-3 A >5 mgdw·m-3 F