scieee Open visual document viewer

A excelência em transição: as dinâmicas de acesso ao ensino superior de estudantes distinguidos no ensino secundário

Borges, Germano José Conceição Pinto; Torres, Leonor Lima

Abstract

Mapear as dinâmicas de acesso ao ensino superior público de 340 antigos estudantes de cursos científico-humanísticos distinguidos por mérito escolar no 10.º; 11.º; 12.º constitui o objetivo primeiro desta comunicação enquadrada em projeto de doutoramento financiado (SFRH/BD/102429/2014). A análise aos resultados do concurso nacional de acesso entre 2012 e 2016 evidencia descontinuidades expressivas no acesso ao ensino superior, com 32,9% dos estudantes distinguidos a serem excluídos da 1.ª opção da candidatura concernente ao ano de conclusão dos estudos no ensino secundário, após infrutíferas tentativas na 2.ª e 3.ª fase. Está se na presença de 112 estudantes três vezes “medalhados com o ouro”, pelo mesmo sistema público de ensino que na fase de transição lhes consente uma de duas alternativas: manter a linearidade do percurso escolar, com o acesso ao ensino superior por via de segundas opções ou quebrar a sequencialidade do trajeto e voltar a concorrer no ano ulterior.

Full text

,,(1-,( (1&217521$&,21$/ '(-29(16 ,19(67,*$'25(6(0('8&$d®2 25* $1,=$'25(6 *UDoD 6LP}HVGH&DUYDOKR 0DULD GH /RXUGHV 'LRQ VLR &HQWUR GH ,QYHVWLJDomR HP (VWXGRV GD&ULDQoD &,(& &HQWUR GH ,QYHVWLJDomR HP (GXFDomR &,(G 8QLYHUVLGDGH GR 0LQKR ,QVWLWXWR GH (GXFDomR d1dh>K //E:/ͲŶĐŽŶƚƌŽEĂĐŝŽŶĂůĚĞ:ŽǀĞŶƐ/ŶǀĞƐƚŝŐĂĚŽƌĞƐĞŵĚƵĐĂĕĆŽ>ŝǀƌŽĚĞZĞƐƵŵŽƐϮͲϯ ĚĞũƵŶŚŽĚĞϮϬϭϳhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝĚĂĚĞĚŽDŝŶŚŽ KZ'E/KZ^ 'ƌĂĕĂ^ŝŵƁĞƐĚĞĂƌǀĂůŚŽ ΘDĂƌŝĂ>ŽƵƌĚĞƐ ŝŽŶşƐŝŽ /K ĞŶƚƌŽ ĚĞ /ŶǀĞƐƚŝŐĂĕĆŽ Ğŵ ĚƵĐĂĕĆŽ ;/ĚͿ Ğ ĞŶƚƌŽ ĚĞ /ŶǀĞƐƚŝŐĂĕĆŽ Ğŵ ƐƚƵĚŽƐ ĚĂ ƌŝĂŶĕĂ;/Ϳ /ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŽĚĞĚƵĐĂĕĆŽhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝĚĂĚĞĚŽDŝŶŚŽ /^E ϵϳϴͲϵϴϵͲϴϱϮϱͲϱϭͲϮ d ϮϬϭϳ EKd/dKZ/> KƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞ>ŝǀƌŽ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂ ƌĞƐƵŵŽƐ ĂůĂƌŐĂĚŽƐ ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĂŽ ϮǑE:/Ͳ ŶĐŽŶƚƌŽEĂĐŝŽŶĂůĚĞ :ŽǀĞŶƐ/ŶǀĞƐƚŝŐĂĚŽƌĞƐĞŵĚƵĐĂĕĆŽ ƌĞĂůŝnjĂĚŽŶĂhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝĚĂĚĞĚŽDŝŶŚŽ WK/K^ ƐƚĞ ƚƌĂďĂůŚŽ Ġ ĨŝŶĂŶĐŝĂĚŽ ŶŽ /ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŽ ĚĞ ĚƵĐĂĕĆŽ ĚĂ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝĚĂĚĞ ĚŽ DŝŶŚŽ ƉĞůŽƐ ƉƌŽũĞƚŽƐh/ϭϲϲϭϮϬϭϯĞh/ϭϲϲϭϮϬϭϲĚŽ/Ě ;ĞŶƚƌŽĚĞ/ŶǀĞƐƚŝŐĂĕĆŽĞŵ ĚƵĐĂĕĆŽͿ ĂƚƌĂǀĠƐ ĚĞ ĨƵŶĚŽƐ ŶĂĐŝŽŶĂŝƐ ĚĂ &dDd^ͲWd Ğ ƉĞůŽ ƉƌŽũĞƚŽ h/ϬϬϯϭϳϮϬϭϯ ĚŽ / ;ĞŶƚƌŽ ĚĞ ƐƚƵĚŽƐ ĚĂ ƌŝĂŶĕĂͿ ƉŽƌ ĨƵŶĚŽƐ ŶĂĐŝŽŶĂŝƐ ĂƚƌĂǀĠƐĚĂ&d ĞĐŽĨŝŶĂŶĐŝĂĚŽƉĞůŽ&ƵŶĚŽƵƌŽƉĞƵĚĞĞƐĞŶǀŽůǀŝŵĞŶƚŽZĞŐŝŽŶĂů;&ZͿ ĂƚƌĂǀĠƐĚŽKDWdϮϬϮϬʹWƌŽŐƌĂŵĂKƉĞƌĂĐŝŽŶĂůŽŵƉĞƚŝƚŝǀŝĚĂĚĞĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂĐŝŽŶĂůŝnjĂĕĆŽ ;WK/ͿĐŽŵĂƌĞĨĞƌġŶĐŝĂWK/ͲϬϭͲϬϭϰϱͲ&ZͲϬϬϳϱϲϮ  $H[FHO QFLDHPWUDQVLomRDVGLQkPLFDVGHDFHVVR DRHQVLQRVXSHULRUGHHVWXGDQWHVGLVWLQJXLGRVQR HQVLQRVHFXQGiULR *HUPDQR%RUJHV/HRQRU/LPD7RUUHV &HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDomRHP(GXFDomRGD8QLYHUVLGDGHGR0LQKR&,(G80 JHUPDQRSLQWR#JPDLOFRP ,QVWLWXWRGH(GXFDomRGD8QLYHUVLGDGHGR0LQKR,(80&HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDomRHP (GXFDomRGD8QLYHUVLGDGHGR0LQKR&,(G80 OHRQRUW#LHXPLQKRSW 5HVXPR0DSHDUDVGLQkPLFDVGHDFHVVRDRHQVLQRVXSHULRUS~EOLFRGH DQWLJRVHVWXGDQWHVGHFXUVRVFLHQW ILFRKXPDQ VWLFRVGLVWLQJXLGRVSRUPpULWR HVFRODUQRFRQVWLWXLRREMHWLYRSULPHLURGHVWDFRPXQLFDomR HQTXDGUDGD HP SURMHWR GH GRXWRUDPHQWR ILQDQFLDGR 6)5+%'$DQiOLVHDRVUHVXOWDGRVGRFRQFXUVRQDFLRQDOGH DFHVVRHQWUHHHYLGHQFLDGHVFRQWLQXLGDGHVH[SUHVVLYDVQRDFHVVR DR HQVLQR VXSHULRU FRP  GRV HVWXGDQWHV GLVWLQJXLGRV D VHUHP H[FOX GRVGDRSomRGDFDQGLGDWXUDFRQFHUQHQWHDRDQRGHFRQFOXVmRGRV HVWXGRVQRHQVLQRVHFXQGiULRDSyVLQIUXW IHUDVWHQWDWLYDVQDHIDVH (VWiVHQDSUHVHQoDGHHVWXGDQWHVWU VYH]HVPHGDOKDGRVFRPRRXUR SHOR PHVPR VLVWHPD S~EOLFR GH HQVLQR TXH QD IDVH GH WUDQVLomR OKHV FRQVHQWH XPD GH GXDV DOWHUQDWLYDV PDQWHU D OLQHDULGDGH GR SHUFXUVR HVFRODU FRP R DFHVVR DR HQVLQR VXSHULRU SRU YLD GH VHJXQGDV RSo}HV RX TXHEUDUDVHTXHQFLDOLGDGHGRWUDMHWRHYROWDUDFRQFRUUHUQRDQRXOWHULRU 3DODYUDVFKDYH ([FHO QFLDHVFRODU$FHVVRDR(QVLQR6XSHULRU 3HUFXUVRV HVWXGDQWLV 5HFRPSHQVDGRPpULWRHVFRODU ,QWURGXomR $V FHULPyQLDV S~EOLFDV GH GLVWLQomR FRQVWLWXHP QD DWXDOLGDGH XPD SUiWLFD PHGUDQWHQDHVFRODS~EOLFDSRUWXJXHVDFRPHVSHFLDOSURHPLQ QFLDQRHQVLQR VHFXQGiULR YLVDQGR IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH SUHPLDU RV UHVXOWDGRV HVFRODUHV GRV HVWXGDQWHVQXPDFODUDYLVmRLQVWUXPHQWDOGRPpULWRGDGRTXHDDYDOLDomR GDTXLORTXHFRQWDFRPRPpULWRVHFLQJHjVFODVVLILFDo}HV2FRUSRQRUPDWLYR GDV LQVWLWXLo}HV HVFRODUHV HVWi WUHVSDVVDGR SRU XP H[WHQVR Op[LFR GH PHFDQLVPRVGHGLVWLQomRTXHYLVDPIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHSUHPLDURVUHVXOWDGRV  GRVHVWXGDQWHV7RUUHV3DOKDUHV %RUJHV4XDGURVGHH[FHO QFLD EROVDV GH PpULWR ORXYRUHV GH PpULWR PHQo}HV GH PpULWR FHUWLILFDGRV GH PpULWR PHQo}HV GH H[FHO QFLD PHQo}HV KRQURVDV W WXORV GH PpULWR GLSORPDVGHPpULWR GLSORPDVGHORXYRUTXDGURV GHKRQUDVmR DOJXQVGRV H[HPSORV GH GLIHUHQWHV QRPHQFODWXUDV SDUD XP ~QLFR SURSyVLWR R GH UHFRPSHQVDU R PpULWR HVFRODU 1HVWH FHQiULR SHUIRUPDWLYR RV RXWRUJDGRV FRPDFKDQFHODGDH[FHO QFLDSRGHUmRVHULPSHOLGRVDDXWRUUHSUHVHQWDUHPVH GH H[FHOHQWHV H VHUHP FRQRWDGRV FRPR WDO SHORV VHXV IDPLOLDUHV TXH OKHV SUHFRQL]DP XP IXWXUR EULOKDQWH D FRPHoDU SHOD HWDSD GD FDQGLGDWXUD DR HQVLQRVXSHULRU6HUiTXHDFDQGLGDWXUD DRHQVLQRVXSHULRUGHVWHJUXSRGH DOXQRV p DSHQDV PDLV XPD HWDSD GH YDOLGDomR GD OLQHDULGDGH GDV VXDV WUDMHWyULDV HVFRODUHV GH H[FHO QFLD" 2X UHSUHVHQWDUi D HWDSD LQLFLDO GH XP FRQMXQWR GH GHVFRQWLQXLGDGHV QmR HVSHUDGDV TXH DFDEDUmR Mi QR HQVLQR VXSHULRUSRUID]HUJRUDURHVWDWXWRGHH[FHO QFLDDQWHULRUPHQWHJUDQMHDGR" (QTXDGUDGD HP SURMHWR GH GRXWRUDPHQWR ILQDQFLDGR D SUHVHQWH FRPXQLFDomRWHPFRPRREMHWLYRFRQKHFHUDVGLQkPLFDVGHDFHVVRDRHQVLQR VXSHULRUGDTXHOHVTXHQRVHFXQGiULRRVLVWHPDS~EOLFRDWULEXLXGLVWLQo}HV SRUPpULWRHVFRODU &RQWH[WXDOL]DomR7HyULFD $DFHQWXDGDLPSRUWkQFLDTXHpFRQIHULGDjUHFRPSHQVDGRPpULWRHVFRODUp XPGRVUHIOH[RVGRVFHQiULRVSHUIRUPDWLYRVTXHWUHVSDVVDPDHVFRODS~EOLFD H TXH LQYDULDYHOPHQWH VH FRQVWLWXHP FRPR IRQWHV GH SUHVVmR DFUHVFLGD VREUH RV SHUFXUVRV GRV HVWXGDQWHV PRUPHQWH HQWUH DTXHOHV TXH REW P GHVHPSHQKRVGHH[FHO QFLDHTXHIUHTXHQWDPDViUHDVFLHQW ILFDVGHDFHVVR DRVFXUVRVPDLVSUHVWLJLDGRVGRHQVLQRVXSHULRU$OPHLGD9LHLUD¬ PHGLGD TXH R WpUPLQR GR HQVLQR VHFXQGiULR H D FDQGLGDWXUD DR HQVLQR VXSHULRUVHDSUR[LPDPWHQGHPDLQWHQVLILFDUVHRVQ YHLVGHSUHVVmRVREUHR GHVHPSHQKRHVFRODUGRVHVWXGDQWHV3DOKDUHV $FHUFDGDVHVFROKDVHGDVSUiWLFDVVRFLDLVGRVFDQGLGDWRVDRHQVLQRVXSHULRU 9LHLUDHQIDWL]DTXHHVWDVVmRPROGDGDVSHOD QRomR GR ULVFR GHXPD HYHQWXDO FRORFDomR j PDUJHP GR SDU LQVWLWXLomRFXUVR GH  RSomR SRWHQFLDGD SHOD LQWURGXomR HP  GR VLVWHPD GH QXPHUXV FODXVXV j WRWDOLGDGH GRV FXUVRV VXSHULRUHV HP 3RUWXJDO $OPHLGD  9LHLUD  GHVFUHYHP R QXPHUXV FODXVXV FRPR XP IRUWH PHFDQLVPR FRQGLFLRQDGRU GH RSo}HVHGHWHUPLQDo}HVGRVHVWXGDQWHVJHUDGRUGHLQFRQVWkQFLDQRVWUDMHWRV  HVFRODUHVWDQWRQRVHFXQGiULRFRPR QRVXSHULRU2Q~PHURFLUFXQVFULWRGH YDJDVSRUFDGDLQVWLWXLomRGHHQVLQRVXSHULRUSURSHQGHQmRDSHQDVDILUPDU XPD IRUWH KLHUDUTXL]DomR QR LQWHULRU GR HQVLQR VXSHULRU FRPR SURGX] XP FRQMXQWRGHHIHLWRVVREUHRVSHUFXUVRVHVFRODUHVGRVDOXQRVQRPHDGDPHQWH L D LQWHQVLILFDomR GD VHOHWLYLGDGH VRFLDO GHFRUUHQWH GR DXPHQWR GD FRPSHWLWLYLGDGH HQWUH RV HVWXGDQWHV GR HQVLQR VHFXQGiULR SDUWLFXODUPHQWH HQWUHDTXHOHVTXHIUHTXHQWDPDViUHDVFLHQW ILFDVGHDFHVVRDRVFXUVRVPDLV SUHVWLJLDGRVGRHQVLQRVXSHULRULLRGHVSROHWDUGHVHQWLPHQWRVGHLQLTXLGDGH HUHVVDLERSHUDQWHDHVFRODHPYLUWXGHGRVFRQGLFLRQDOLVPRVQRDFHVVRDR HQVLQR VXSHULRU S~EOLFR TXH REULJD D TXH PXLWRV GRV FDQGLGDWRV QmR DOFDQFHP FRORFDomR QR SDU LQVWLWXLomRFXUVR SUHIHUHQFLDO VHQGR TXH GHVWH JUXSR DOJXQV GHL[DPVH ILFDU QR VHFXQGiULR VXMHLWRV D UHSUHVHQWDo}HV GH LQVXFHVVRTXHVHJXQGR$OPHLGD9LHLUD³>«@YHUGDGHLUDPHQWHQmRR p >«@ QR TXH UHSUHVHQWD XPD SHQRVD SURYD GH DXWRFRQIURQWDomR GR DOXQR FRQVLJR SUySULR H FRP R VLVWHPD GH HQVLQR´ S  LLL R VXVFLWDU QRV TXH LQJUHVVDP IRUD GR kPELWR GD RSomR SULRULWiULD D DXV QFLD GH VLJQLILFDGR SHUDQWH RV FRQWH~GRV FXUULFXODUHV QXP GHVLQYHVWLPHQWR QRV HVWXGRV TXH SRGHYLUDFXOPLQDUQXPDGHVILOLDomRLQVWLWXFLRQDO 2V FRQVWUDQJLPHQWRV QR DFHVVR DR HQVLQR VXSHULRU QmR VmR PRQRSyOLR GRV HVWXGDQWHV FRP IUDFRV GHVHPSHQKRV HVFRODUHV WDPEpP RV HVWXGDQWHV GH DOWD SHUIRUPDQFH H[WHULRUL]DP GLILFXOGDGHV QR FXPSULPHQWR LQWHJUDO GDV H[SHFWDWLYDV HP SDUWLFXODU RV TXH SHUVSHWLYDP LQJUHVVDU QRV FXUVRV PDLV UHVWULWLYRV TXDQWR j QRWD GH FDQGLGDWXUD IDFH j LPSUHYLVLELOLGDGH DQXDO GR Q~PHUR GRV FDQGLGDWRV H GR Q~PHUR GH YDJDV GLVSRQLELOL]DGDV SHODV LQVWLWXLo}HVGHHQVLQRVXSHULRU9LHLUDS 0HWRGRORJLD 5HODWLYDPHQWH j FRPSRQHQWH PHWRGROyJLFRHPS ULFD UHFRUUHXVH D HVWXGRV GHFDVRP~OWLSORV%RJGDQ%LNOHQ RXQDDFHomRGH6WDNHD HVWXGRV GH FDVRV FROHWLYRV )RUDP VHOHFLRQDGDV  HVFRODV VHFXQGiULDV S~EOLFDVGDUHJLmRQRUWHGH3RUWXJDOFRQWLQHQWDOGHDFRUGRFRPRVVHJXLQWHV FULWpULRV QDWXUH]D RUJDQL]DFLRQDO GD HVFROD S~EOLFD DJUXSDGD H QmR DJUXSDGD DVVLQDWXUD H WLSR GH FRQWUDWR GH DXWRQRPLD H[LVW QFLD GH FRQWUDWRH WLSRGH FRQWUDWRSRVLFLRQDPHQWR QRV UDQNLQJV DEDL[RGD SRVLomR LPSOHPHQWDomR GH PHFDQLVPRV GH GLVWLQomR WLSRV GH GLVWLQomR SUDWLFDGRV (P FDGD XPD GDV HVFRODV IRUDP SHUVFUXWDGRV RV UHJLVWRV  ELRJUiILFRV GRV DOXQRV GLVWLQJXLGRV SRU PpULWR HVFRODU QRV DQRV OHWLYRV GH H$DPRVWUDGRSURMHWRGHGRXWRUDPHQWR p FRQVWLWX GD SRU  HVWXGDQWHV TXH SUHVHQWHPHQWH IUHTXHQWDP R HQVLQR VXSHULRUFXMDWUDMHWyULD HVFRODU HDFDGpPLFDWHPRV YLQGRDVHJXLUGHVGH R HQVLQR VHFXQGiULR 7RGDYLD D FRPXQLFDomR UHFDL HVSHFLILFDPHQWH VREUH D HWDSDGDFDQGLGDWXUDDRHQVLQRVXSHULRUGRVTXHDRORQJRGRWUDMHWRHVFRODU HPFXUVRVFLHQW ILFRKXPDQ VWLFRVIRUDPODXUHDGRVQRHDQR GHHVFRODULGDGHRXVHMDDTXHOHVTXHJUDQMHDUDPGLVWLQo}HVHPYLUWXGHGH XPDFODVVLILFDomRPpGLDLQWHUQDGHIUHTX QFLDLJXDORXVXSHULRUDYDORUHV Q  1HVVD TXDOLGDGH SURFHGHPRV j VXD ORFDOL]DomR QR SDU LQVWLWXLomRFXUVR VXSHULRU D SDUWLU GRV GDGRV GLVSRQLELOL]DGRV RQOLQH SHOD 'LUHomR*HUDO GR (QVLQR VXSHULRU &RP R REMHWLYR GH LGHQWLILFDU DV PRGDOLGDGHVGRDFHVVRIRUDPH[DPLQDGRVPLQXFLRVDPHQWHRVUHVXOWDGRVGR FRQFXUVRQDFLRQDOGHDFHVVRHQWUHH7RGDDLQIRUPDomRUHFROKLGD IRL DJUXSDGD H VLVWHPDWL]DGD QD IHUUDPHQWD LQIRUPiWLFD GH DQiOLVH TXDQWLWDWLYD,%063666WDWLVWLFV 5HVXOWDGRV 2V UHVXOWDGRV SUHOLPLQDUHV GD QRVVD SHVTXLVD DSRQWDP SDUD  GH HVWXGDQWHV DQXDOPHQWH GLVWLQJXLGRV SRU PpULWR HVFRODU HP FXUVRV FLHQW ILFRKXPDQ VWLFRV TXH REWLYHUDP FRORFDomR QR SDU LQVWLWXLomRFXUVR GH  RSomR QD  IDVH GR FRQFXUVR QDFLRQDO GH DFHVVR 7RGDYLD FRQYpP UHVVDOYDU TXH XPD SHUFHQWDJHP VLJQLILFDWLYD GH HVWXGDQWHV GLVWLQJXLGRV FRUUHVSRQGHQWHDFDQGLGDWRVQmRFRQVHJXHGDUHQWUDGDQD RSomRHYLGHQFLDQGRRTXDQWRRLQYHVWLPHQWRHHVIRUoRHPSUHHQGLGRDRORQJR GD FDUUHLUD HVFRODU SRGHUi UHVXOWDU QXPD TXHEUD GDV H[SHFWDWLYDV H HYHQWXDOPHQWH QXP VHQWLPHQWR GH IUXVWUDomR H TXHVWLRQDPHQWR 'HVWH JUXSR DSHQDV  YHHP VDWLVIHLWDV DV VXDV H[SHFWDWLYDV DSyV QRYD WHQWDWLYD QD  IDVH 8P JUXSR VLJQLILFDWLYR  DOXQRVPRGHOR  VmRH[FOX GRVGDRSomRSULPHLUDGDFDQGLGDWXUDDSyVLQIUXW IHUDVWHQWDWLYDVQD HIDVHGRFRQFXUVRQDFLRQDOGHDFHVVRDFDEDQGRH[SRVWRVDXPDGH GXDVDOWHUQDWLYDVPDQWHUDOLQHDULGDGHGRWUDMHWRHVFRODUFRPRDFHVVRDR HQVLQRVXSHULRUSRUYLDGHVHJXQGDVRSo}HVLWLQHUiULRWULOKDGRSRURX TXHEUDU D VHTXHQFLDOLGDGH GR WUDMHWR FRP QRYD FDQGLGDWXUD QRV DQRV VHJXLQWHVURWHLURFRQWLQXDGRSRUFIJUiILFR  *UiILFR ( VWXGDQWHV GLVWLQJXLGRVH[FOX GR V GD RSomRQ DFDQGLGDWXUDDRDFHVVRDRHQVLQR VXSHULRUS~EOLFR SHODSULPHLUDYH] VHJXQGRDDOWHUQDWLYDVHJXLGDQ  )RQWH$QiOLVHEDVHDGDQDFRQVXOWDDRVUHJLVWRVELRJUiILFRVGRVHVWXGDQWHVGLVWLQJXLGRVHPFXUVRVFLHQW ILFRKXPDQ VWLFRVGH  HVFRODVS~EOLFDVSRUWXJXHVDVQRVDQRVOHWLYRVGH H$QiOLVHIXQGDPHQWDGDQRVUHVXOWDGRVGR FRQFXUVRQDFLRQDOGHDFHVVRHQWUHH'LUHomR*HUDOGR(QVLQR6XSHULRU 0DV TXHP VmR RV SURWDJRQLVWDV GHVWHV GRLV PRGRV GH HQFDUDU R GHIUDXGDPHQWR GH H[SHFWDWLYDV QR DFHVVR DR HQVLQR VXSHULRU" 'RV  HVWXGDQWHV FRP  GLVWLQo}HV SRU PpULWR HVFRODU TXH YLUDP DV VXDV H[SHFWDWLYDV GH DFHVVR QmR UHDOL]DGDV QR WpUPLQR GR FRQFXUVR QDFLRQDO GH DFHVVR D JUDQGH PDLRULD  FDQGLGDWRV  DVSLUDYDP LQJUHVVDU HP FXUVRV GH GXDV JUDQGHV iUHDV D GD 6D~GH  FDQGLGDWRV  H D GH 7HFQRORJLDVFDQGLGDWRV )DFHjFRORFDomRjPDUJHPGRSDULQVWLWXLomRFXUVRSUHIHUHQFLDOHHVJRWDGDV DVIDVHVGRFRQFXUVRQDFLRQDOGHDFHVVRVRPHQWHGRVTXHFRELoDYDP D iUHD GH HVWXGRV GD 6D~GH DFHGHP LQJUHVVDU OLQHDUPHQWH QR HQVLQR VXSHULRUIRUDGRFXUVRGHSULPHLUDHVFROKD 2FXUVRQmRFRUUHVSRQGHj RSomRPDVDLQVWLWXLomRFRUUHVSRQGH 2FXUVRHDLQVWLWXLomRQmR FRUUHVSRQGHPjRSomR(VWDSHUFHQWDJHPHOHYDVHGHPRGRH[SRQHQFLDO QR FDVR GRV FDQGLGDWRV GLVWLQJXLGRV TXH SUHWHQGLDP D iUHD GH HVWXGRV GH 7HFQRORJLDV FRP  D LQJUHVVDU GH PRGR LPHGLDWR QR HQVLQR VXSHULRU PDVIRUDGRUDLRGRFXUVRGHRSomR 2FXUVRQmRFRUUHVSRQGHj RSomRPDVDLQVWLWXLomRFRUUHVSRQGH 2FXUVRHDLQVWLWXLomRQmR FRUUHVSRQGHPjRSomRFIJUiILFR (QWUH DTXHOHV TXH H[HUFHUDP R GLUHLWR GH RSomR SHOD TXHEUD GD VHTXHQFLDOLGDGH GR WUDMHWR HVFRODU FRP QRYD FDQGLGDWXUD QRV DQRV VHJXLQWHV H IUHTXHQWDP KRMH IRUD GD LGDGH SDGUmR GHILQLGD LQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWHFRPRGHVXFHVVRYHULILFDVHTXHQDiUHDGD6D~GH DOFDQoRX FRP D UHFDQGLGDWXUD R FXPSULPHQWR WRWDO RX SDUFLDO GDV H[SHFWDWLYDV LQLFLDLV   2 FXUVR H D LQVWLWXLomR FRUUHVSRQGHP j  RSomR 2FXUVRFRUUHVSRQGHjRSomRPDVDLQVWLWXLomRQmR1R  TXHFRQFHUQHDRVHVWXGDQWHVGH7HFQRORJLDVHVWDSHUFHQWDJHPpGH  2FXUVRHDLQVWLWXLomRFRUUHVSRQGHPjRSomR 2FXUVR FRUUHVSRQGHjRSomRPDVDLQVWLWXLomRQmRFIJUiILFR 'LVFXVVmRH&RQVLGHUDo}HV)LQDLV 0DSHDU DV GLQkPLFDV GH DFHVVR DR HQVLQR VXSHULRU S~EOLFR GH  DQWLJRV HVWXGDQWHVGHFXUVRVFLHQW ILFRKXPDQ VWLFRVGLVWLQJXLGRVSRUPpULWRHVFRODU QR    FRQVWLWXL R REMHWR GH HVWXGR GHVWD FRPXQLFDomR 2V UHVXOWDGRV SUHOLPLQDUHV GD QRVVD LQYHVWLJDomR HYLGHQFLDP DV GHVFRQWLQXLGDGHVQRDFHVVRDRHQVLQRVXSHULRUS~EOLFRGH HVWXGDQWHVWU V YH]HV³PHGDOKDGRVFRPRRXUR´SHORPHVPRVLVWHPDS~EOLFRGHHQVLQRTXH QD IDVH GH WUDQVLomR OKHV FRQVHQWH XPD GH GXDV DOWHUQDWLYDV PDQWHU D OLQHDULGDGHGRSHUFXUVRHVFRODUFRPRDFHVVRDRHQVLQRVXSHULRUSRUYLDGH VHJXQGDVRSo}HVRXTXHEUDUDVHTXHQFLDOLGDGHGRWUDMHWRHYROWDUDFRQFRUUHU QRDQRVHJXLQWH$VGLQkPLFDVTXHHQYROYHPRVWUDMHWRVHVFRODUHVGRVDOXQRV GLVWLQJXLGRV H HP SDUWLFXODU DV TXH VH FLQJHP j HWDSD GD FDQGLGDWXUD DR HQVLQR VXSHULRU H R PRGR FRPR HVWHV DOXQRV GH DOWR GHVHPSHQKR HVFRODU SRVLFLRQDPVH IDFH D UHVXOWDGRV PHQRV H[SHFWiYHLV HYLGHQFLDP TXH  GHILQLo}HV XQLODWHUDLV GR TXH p XP HVWXGDQWH H[FHOHQWH RX XP SHUFXUVR HVFRODUGHH[FHO QFLDGHYHPVHUGRQRVVRSRQWRGHYLVWDTXHVWLRQDGDV 2 TXH p XP HVWXGDQWH H[FHOHQWH" $TXHOH TXH p WULSODPHQWH GLVWLQJXLGR QR HQVLQR VHFXQGiULR TXH DFHGH DR HQVLQR VXSHULRU S~EOLFR QR WHPSR HVFRODU GHILQLGRGHVXFHVVRGHPRGROLQHDUQDLGDGHSDGUmRPDVIRUDGDRSomR GD FDQGLGDWXUD" 2X DTXHOH TXH p VXFHVVLYDPHQWH GLVWLQJXLGR QR HQVLQR VHFXQGiULRTXHIDOKDDFRORFDomRQRFXUVRHQDLQVWLWXLomRFRUUHVSRQGHQWHj RSomRDSyVWHQWDWLYDVLQIUXW IHUDVQDHIDVHGRFRQFXUVRQDFLRQDO HGHFLGHTXHEUDUDOLQHDULGDGHGRSHUFXUVRDWpDRFXPSULPHQWRWRWDOGDVVXDV H[SHFWDWLYDVDLQGDTXHWDOLPSOLTXHDFHGHUDRHQVLQRVXSHULRUIRUDGDLGDGH SDGUmRGHILQLGDFRPRGHVXFHVVR"1mRVHUiHVWH~OWLPRWUDMHWRDPDUFDGH HVWXGDQWHV TXH UH~QHP DV FRQGLo}HV HFRQyPLFDV FXOWXUDLV H VRFLDLV SDUD VXVWHQWDUDEXVFDSHODYRFDomR QHJDGD 9LHLUD"$TXHOHVTXHSRGHP XVXIUXLUGHXPVXSOHPHQWRGHWHPSR $UDXMR0DUWXFFHOOL"1mRVHUi HVWHXPVXFHVVRSURWHODGRGHDYDQoRVHUHFXRVHVWUDWpJLFRVPDLVRXPHQRV GXUDGRXURVLQWHQFLRQDLVFRPRYLDGHWUkQVLWRGDUHDOL]DomRSHVVRDO"(VWDVH RXWUDV TXHVW}HV VHUmR H[SORUDGDV HP SHVTXLVDV SRVWHULRUHV TXH LQFLGLUmR VREUH RV PRGRV FRPR RV DOXQRV VH DXWRUUHSUHVHQWDP HQTXDQWR MRYHQV HVWXGDQWHVHDWRUHVFRFRQVWUXWRUHVGRVHXSHUFXUVRDFDGpPLFR 1RWD (VWH WUDEDOKR p ILQDQFLDGR SRU )XQGRV 1DFLRQDLV GR 0LQLVWpULR GD &L QFLD 7HFQRORJLD H (QVLQR 6XSHULRU DWUDYpV GD )&7  )XQGDomR SDUD D &L QFLD H D 7HFQRORJLDHSHOR)XQGR6RFLDO(XURSHXSRUYLDGR32&+ 3URJUDPD2SHUDFLRQDO &DSLWDO +XPDQR QR kPELWR GR SURMHWR GH GRXWRUDPHQWR HP FXUVR GH *HUPDQR %RUJHVLQWLWXODGR'DH[FHO QFLDQRHQVLQRVHFXQGiULRjLUUHJXODULGDGHDFDGpPLFD QR HQVLQR VXSHULRU 'HVFRQWLQXLGDGHV GH SHUFXUVRV GH DOXQRV GLVWLQJXLGRV QD HVFROD S~EOLFD SRUWXJXHVD 6)5+%' 3URMHWR RULHQWDGR FLHQWLILFDPHQWH SRU /HRQRU /LPD 7RUUHV 3URIHVVRUD $VVRFLDGD GR ,QVWLWXWR GH (GXFDomRGD8QLYHUVLGDGHGR0LQKR,(80HLQYHVWLJDGRUDLQWHJUDGDGR&HQWURGH ,QYHVWLJDomRHP(GXFDomR&,(GGDPHVPD8QLYHUVLGDGH 5HIHU QFLDV $OPHLGD$1G9LHLUD00,QVXFHVVRHVFRODURFDVRGDVWUDQVLo}HV SDUD R HQVLQR VXSHULRU 3DSHU DSUHVHQWDGR QR ,,, &RQJUHVVR 3RUWXJX V GH 'HPRJUDILDVRERWHPD2'HFO QLR'HPRJUiILFR4XHPXGDQoDV")XQGDomR &DORXVWH *XOEHQNLDQ /LVERD $FHGLGR HP MDQHLUR   HP KWWSZZZRSHVWXOSWSGI&RQJ$3'HPRJ6HW$1$009SGI