Enzymatic Regulation of Zooplankton Respiration

4 h 4 h In e na ional In e na ional Zooplank on Zooplank on P oduc ion Symposium P oduc ion Symposium, Hi oshima, , Hi oshima, Japan Japan May 2007 May 2007 Enzyma ic Regula ion o Zooplank on Respi a ion *T. T. *T. T. Packa d Packa d & **M. G & **M. Gó ómez mez *Ma ine Science Ins i u e, Ba celona, Spain *Bigelow Labo a o y o Ocean Sciences, USA **Ma ine Science Facul y, Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, SPAIN QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncomp essed) decomp esso a e needed o see his pic u e. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncomp essed) decomp esso a e needed o see his pic u e. ULPGC ULPGC BLO S Me abolic Theo y o Ecology Me abolic Theo y o Ecology by B own e al. by B own e al. Ecology ( Ecology (2004) ;85:1771 2004) ;85:1771- -1 1789. 789.  Based on me abolism ( Based on me abolism (Kliebe Kliebe ’ ’s s Law Law), bu ), bu applied o g ow h, o de elopmen ime, o applied o g ow h, o de elopmen ime, o he ocean, & o many o he biological he ocean, & o many o he biological phenomenon. phenomenon.  Philosophy: Supply Philosophy: Supply- -side Economics side Economics* *  R = F(Me abolic Dis ibu ion Ne wo ks) R = F(Me abolic Dis ibu ion Ne wo ks)  R = Deli e y a e o hese ac al ne wo ks R = Deli e y a e o hese ac al ne wo ks Me abolic Theo y o Ecology Me abolic Theo y o Ecology by B own e al. by B own e al. Ecology ( Ecology (2004) ;85:1771 2004) ;85:1771- -1 1789. 789. R = KoM3/4e-Ea/kT  Pa A: Pa A: Nu ien Nu ien dependency dependency [ [ eac an s eac an s] ]  Pa B: Pa B: Biomass Biomass dependency ( dependency (Kleibe Kleibe ’ ’s s Law) Law) [ [ eac an luxes, eac ion a es eac an luxes, eac ion a es] ]  Pa C: Pa C: Tempe a u e Tempe a u e dependency dependency ( (Bol zmann Bol zmann Fac o ) [ Fac o ) [sys em kine ic ene gy sys em kine ic ene gy] ] Why Kleibe ’s Law is co ec . Zooplank on R & Zooplank on R & Φ Φobey obey Kleibe Kleibe ’ ’s s Law Law Kleibe 's Law (Zooplank on, 5 phyla) y = 0,7565x + 0,1757 R2 = 0,9363 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 Log (D y Weigh ) R = 1.5W0,76 Kleibe 's Law (Zooplank on, 5 phyla) y = 0,7913x + 0,5155 R2 = 0,9458 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 Φ = 3.3W0,79 Log (D y Weigh ) Why he Why he MTE MTE is igh . is igh . R = (M + T) R = (M + T) Biomass, Respi a ion and Nu ien as ( ime) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 TIME (hou s) Py u a e (x15), P o ein, & R QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncomp essed) decomp esso a e needed o see his pic u e. Why Why Kleibe Kleibe ’ ’s s Law and he Law and he MTE MTE a e w ong. a e w ong. Cell P o ein Respi a ion Nu ien The MTE & Kleibe ’s Law can’ p edic espi a ion unde nu ien limi a ing Condi ions. R = KoM3/4e-Ea/kT R = SΦA(e -Ea/RT )/(Kβ+ S) Ou al e na i e is based on he ecogni ion: 1. Tha he elec on anspo sys em (ETS) con ols espi a ion and is a measu e o po en ial espi a ion (Φ). 2. ha mi ochond ial NADH (and NADPH) con ol he ac i i y o he ETS. 3. and ha Michaelis-Men en kine ics desc ibes he impac o subs a e ( eac an ) limi a ion on eac ion a es. Ae-Ea/RT R = SΦA(e -Ea/RT )/(Kβ+ S) In addi ion, we can build on 100 yea s o esea ch by ecognizing he A henius equa ion’s e iciency in desc ibing he empe a u e dependence o biological as well as chemical a e p ocesses. No e! Ais necessa y! A coun e p oposal: A Fi s P inciple Respi a ion Model* A coun e p oposal: A Fi s P inciple Respi a ion Model* R = SΦA(e -Ea/RT )/(Kβ+ S)  Based on: Based on: espi a o y po en ial espi a o y po en ial ( (Φ Φ) as se by ) as se by he espi a o y elec on anspo sys em. he espi a o y elec on anspo sys em.  Philosophy: Demand Philosophy: Demand- -side side Economics Economics* *  R = (Cellula Demand o ATP) R = (Cellula Demand o ATP)  R = Deli e y a e o R = Deli e y a e o e e- - o o Cy Cy a a- -a a3 3 R = SΦΑ(e-Ea/RT )/(Kβ+ S) 0 25 50 0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 TIME (hou s) RESPIRATION (P edic ed & Measu ed) Measu ed Modeled QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncomp essed) decomp esso a e needed o see his pic u e. A Fi s P inciple Model o Respi a ion A Fi s P inciple Model o Respi a ion R = (T). Use he A henius Equa ion, i inco po a es he Bol zmann Fac o ! R = SΦΑ(e-Ea/RT )/(Kβ+ S) Zooplank on ba hipelagic Zooplank on ba hipelagic Temp (ºC) 1/Temp X 103 (ºK) POTENTIAL RESPIRATION ( nl O2 h-1 l-1). LOG e (POTENTI AL RESPIRATION). 16 16 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 0.00 -4.00 -3.20 -2.40 -1.60 -0.80 0.00 -4.60 0 15 30 45 60 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 Φ= Ae-Ea/RT Slope = -Ea/R Ea = 13.2 kcal/mol CONCLUSION CONCLUSION  The The MTE MTE and and Kleibe Kleibe ’ ’s s Law alone can no p edic o Law alone can no p edic o explain espi a ion on he small scale. explain espi a ion on he small scale.  Po en ial espi a ion, subs a e deple ion, and Po en ial espi a ion, subs a e deple ion, and Michaelis Michaelis- -Men en kine ics can explain and p edic Men en kine ics can explain and p edic espi a ion on he espi a ion on he small scale. small scale. Fo all hei help, suppo , and encou agemen we hank San iago To esCu belo and Miguel Alca az. ULPGC ULPGC QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncomp essed) decomp esso a e needed o see his pic u e. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncomp essed) decomp esso a e needed o see his pic u e. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS BLO S ULPGC ULPGC QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncomp essed) decomp esso a e needed o see his pic u e. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncomp essed) decomp esso a e needed o see his pic u e. Thanks o you a en ion Thanks o you a en ion. . BLO S