La crítica feminista : un nuevo acercamiento al texto periodístico
Full text
/DFUtWLFDIHPLQLVWDXQQXHYRDFHUFDPLHQWRDOWH[WRSHULRGtVWLFR '(/*$'26RVD&DUPHQ &RPLHQ]D %LUXWp &LSOLMDXVNDLWp VX HVWXGLR VREUH OD QRYHOD IHPHQLQD FRQWHPSRUiQHDSUHJXQWiQGRVHVLHVSRVLEOHKDEODUGHDOJRTXHSXHGDVHUGHQRPLQDGR ³HVFULWXUDIHPHQLQD´\DFDEDDGPLWLHQGRTXHDSHVDUGHVXVDxRVGHUHIOH[LyQ\GHOD OHFWXUD GH XQDV VHLVFLHQWDV QRYHODV HVFULWDV SRU PXMHUHV HV DOJR D OR TXH D~Q QR KD HQFRQWUDGRUHVSXHVWD(VWRVHMXVWLILFDHQFLHUWRPRGRSRUODFRPSOHMLGDGGHODTXHVHKD UHYHVWLGR HO FRQFHSWR GH PXMHU tQWLPDPHQWH OLJDGR DO GH LGHQWLGDG TXH VH KD LGR FRQIRUPDQGRDORODUJRGHWRGDODKLVWRULDGHODFUtWLFDIHPLQLVWD(VWDFUtWLFDTXHHV FRQVLGHUDGD\DXQDGHODVSULQFLSDOHVDSRUWDFLRQHVDODFUtWLFDOLWHUDULDGHOVLJOR;;KD WHQLGR TXH HQIUHQWDUVH \ DVXPLU ODV DSRUWDFLRQHV GHO SRVWHVWUXFWXUDOLVPR \ GHO GHFRQVWUXFWLYLVPRIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHDOJRTXHKDFtDQODVWHyULFDVIUDQFHVDVDPHGLDGRV \ VREUHWRGRDILQDOHVGHORV6HLQFOXtDQWDPELpQHQWRQFHVRWUDVSURSXHVWDVFRPRODV GHO SVLFRDQiOLVLVGH/DFDQTXHDEUtDQSDVRDODOODPDGDVHJXQGDHWDSDGHOIHPLQLVPR (OSRVWHVWUXFWXUDOLVPRKDEtDSURSXHVWRXQVXMHWRSUHFDULR\FRQWUDGLFWRULRTXH URPSH FRQ XQD LGHD EiVLFD HQ OD ILORVRItD GHO SHQVDPLHQWR RFFLGHQWDO HO LGHDO KXPDQtVWLFRGHOLQGLYLGXR(OSODQWHDPLHQWRIDYRUHFHDODWHRUtDIHPLQLVWDSXHVWRTXH HVWDQHJDFLyQVXSRQHHOILQGHOKRPEUHRFFLGHQWDOFRPRVXMHWRXQLYHUVDO\GHODPXMHU FRPR HO WpUPLQR QHJDWLYR \ HQIUHQWDGR TXH JDUDQWL]D DO KRPEUH VX LGHQWLGDG DOJR SXHVWR GH PDQLILHVWR WDPELpQSRU HOGHFRQVWUXFWLYLVPR TXHFXHVWLRQD H[SOtFLWDPHQWH HVWDOyJLFDELQDULD8QSXQWRGHYLVWDTXHGHFRQVWUX\HORVELQDULVPRVDVRFLDGRVFRQOD RSRVLFLyQ PDVFXOLQRIHPHQLQR \ RWURV FRPR FXOWXUDQDWXUDOH]D R PHQWHFXHUSR GLFRWRPtDVHQODVTXHVHDVXPHODSULPDFtDGHOSULPHUWpUPLQR(VWHHQIRTXHSHUPLWHDO IHPLQLVPR FRQFOXLU TXH OD RSRVLFLyQ HQWUH KRPEUH \ PXMHU \ OD VXSHULRULGDG GHO SULPHUR QR HV DOJR QDWXUDO VLQR XQD FRQVWUXFFLyQ VRFLDO TXH LPSRVLELOLWD PDQWHQHU GLIHUHQFLDVHQWUHODDQDWRPtDVH[XDO\ORVSDSHOHVVRFLDOHVGHORVJpQHURV 3HURODWHRUtDIHPLQLVWDQRSRGtDROYLGDUTXHHVWDVXVWLWXFLyQGHOVXMHWRXQLYHUVDO XQLWDULR \ FRQVFLHQWH SRU HVWH RWUR VXMHWR H[FpQWULFR KDEtD VHUYLGR D %DUWKHV SDUD DVHJXUDUODPXHUWHGHODXWRUSLH]DIXQGDPHQWDOHQODFUtWLFDOLWHUDULDGHVGHODySWLFDGHO IHPLQLVPR/DUHVSXHVWDVXSRQHXQHQRUPHFDPELRHQHOFRQFHSWRGHPXMHUPXHUHOD %$&&2/,1,5HWDOO&ULWLFKHIHPPLQLVWHHWHRULHOHWWHUDULHSiJ /285(,52$(OJUDQGHVDILR)HPLQLVPRVDXWRELRJUDItD\SRVPRGHUQLGDGSiJ
LGHDGHXQDLGHQWLGDGFROHFWLYDGHODVPXMHUHVHQJHQHUDOVLQGLVWLQJXLUODFODVHODUD]D ODFXOWXUDODHGDGRODSUHIHUHQFLDVH[XDO<VHDILUPDHQWRQFHVTXHHVWDQXHYDIRUPDGH VXEMHWLYLGDGPiVFRPSOHWDHLQFOX\HQWHVLUYHSDUDVDEHUPiVGHTXLHQKDEOD /RVSRVWHVWUXFWXUDOLVWDVVXVWLWX\HQDODXWRUSRUHOPRGHUQRHVFULWRUTXLHQ QDFH HQ HO PLVPR PRPHQWR HQ HO TXH VH FRQIRUPD HO WH[WR (O IHPLQLVPR VH KD GHIHQGLGRGHHVWDLGHDDOHUWDQGRGHTXHODQHJDFLyQWRWDOGHODXWRULPSOLFDFDHUHQOD WHRUtDPRQROtWLFDTXHVHTXLHUHFULWLFDU$Vt\SDUDVDOYDUHOLPSRUWDQWHHVFROORSODQWHDGR SRUHVWDVWHRUtDVODFUtWLFDIHPLQLVWDDSXHVWDSRUPDQWHQHUODLGHQWLGDGSHURUHSHQVDGD VLQFDHUHQHOLPSRVLEOHXQLYHUVDOLVPR³$GLIHUHQFLDGHOVXMHWRKHJHPyQLFRODQXHYD LGHQWLGDGSRVWXODGDSRU5LFK0LOOHUR+DUDZD\UDGLFDHQODVFRQGLFLRQHVPDWHULDOHV\ FXOWXUDOHV TXH GDQ IRUPD D QXHVWUDV VXEMHWLYLGDGHV´ VHxDOD %DFFROLQL TXLHQ GLFH DGHPiVTXH³HOVXMHWRPXMHUQRHV\QRGHEHVHUXQDHVHQFLDPRQROtWLFDVLQRHOOXJDUGH XQDVHULHGHH[SHULHQFLDVP~OWLSOHV\FRPSOHMDV´ (Q GHILQLWLYD OD QXHYD FUtWLFD IHPLQLVWD SLHQVD ODLGHQWLGDG FRPRXQ OXJDUGH HQFXHQWURGHGLIHUHQFLDVXQDLGHQWLGDGWUDQVJUHVLYDWUDQVLGDSRUFRQGLFLRQHVVRFLDOHV FXOWXUDOHV HFRQyPLFDV SVtTXLFDV VH[XDOHV KLVWyULFDV (V OD LGHQWLGDG GH XQ VXMHWR SRVPRGHUQR³QyPDGD´ (QHVWHVHQWLGRHOFRQFHSWRGHPXMHUFDPELDFRQHOFRQWH[WR FXOWXUDO \ HO PRPHQWR KLVWyULFR VHU PXMHU R VHU KRPEUH QR SXHGH UHGXFLUVH D XQD HVHQFLDLQWHPSRUDOVLQDWHQGHUDODVFRQGLFLRQHVKLVWyULFDV\FXOWXUDOHV $~Q DVt \ SDUWLHQGR GH OD FRQFHSFLyQ GH HVWH QXHYR VXMHWR P~OWLSOH \ FRQWUDGLFWRULR %LUXWp &LSOLMDXVNDLWp HVWDEOHFH XQD VHULH GH UDVJRV FRPXQHV SHUWHQHFLHQWHVDODVREUDVHVWXGLDGDVTXHOHVLUYHQSDUDGLEXMDUHOPDSDGHORTXHSRGUtD VHUODOLWHUDWXUDIHPHQLQDHQWHQGLGDFRPRODH[SUHVLyQGHXQRVVXMHWRVTXHKDVWDKDFH PX\SRFRFDUHFtDQGHYR]HQHOiPELWRSROtWLFR\WDPELpQHQHODUWtVWLFR(QFXDOTXLHU FDVR HVWD HVWXGLRVD DGYLHUWH GH TXH HVWH HV XQ FRQFHSWR TXH KD GH PDQHMDUVH FRQ FXLGDGRVLVHSUHWHQGHTXHDFDEHH[FOXVLYDPHQWHHQUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHXQPRGR\XQD IRUPDGLIHUHQWHGHSHUFLELU\SODVPDUODUHDOLGDG<DTXHFRQYLHQHWHQHUHQFXHQWDTXH ,ELGHPSiJ 4 BACCOLINI. Op. cit. pág. 153. /285(,522SFLWSiJ 9È=48(=0HGHO0$0XMHU(FRORJtD\&RPXQLFDFLyQHQHOQXHYRKRUL]RQWHSODQHWDULRSiJ
KDEODUGHHVHOHQJXDMHIHPHQLQRSXHGHRFDVLRQDUSRUXQODGRODLQGHSHQGHQFLDGHOD PXMHUFRPRHVFULWRUDSHURSRURWURVXPDUJLQDFLyQ´ /R TXH SDUHFH LQGXGDEOH HV TXH OD LQFRUSRUDFLyQ GH OD PXMHU D OD OLWHUDWXUD SDVDQGR GH OD SDVLYLGDG GHO VXMHWR OHFWRU DO SDSHO GH DUWtILFH KD SURYRFDGR XQ JUDQ FDPELRXQDVLWXDFLyQGHGLVFXUVRGLVWLQWDGRQGHLPSRUWDQQRVyORODHQRUPHYDULHGDG HQORV SURFHGLPLHQWRVQDUUDWLYRV XVDGRVHQ ORV~OWLPRVGHFHQLRVVLQRVREUHWRGROD PXHVWUD GH XQD QXHYD YLVLyQ GHO PXQGR (Q HVWH VHQWLGR &DUPHQ 0DUWtQH]5RPHUR VHxDODTXH³ODPXMHUVHGLVSRQHDKDEODUGHORQRGLFKRDXQUHFHSWRUQRKDELWXDGRDVX KDEOD´\GHVHQWUDxDUODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHHVDQRYHGDGVyORSXHGHORJUDUVHDWUDYpVGHO DQiOLVLVWH[WXDO (VSUHFLVDPHQWHHVWHDQiOLVLVHOTXHKDFRQGXFLGRD&LSOLMDXVNDLWpDGLVWLQJXLU WUHVHWDSDVHQODHVFULWXUDGHODPXMHU³IHPHQLQD´TXHDFHSWDODWUDGLFLyQ\HOSDSHOGH OD PXMHU HQ HOOD ³IHPLQLVWD´ PXFKR PiV UHEHOGH \ DSRVWDQGR SRU OD SROpPLFD \ ILQDOPHQWH ³GH PXMHU´ FRQFHQWUDGD HQ HO DXWRGHVFXEULPLHQWR (VWD ~OWLPDHWDSD KD GHVHPERFDGRHQXQDDSXHVWDSRUODDXWRELRJUDItDHQODVSULPHUDVQRYHODVHVFULWDVSRU PXMHUHVHQPXFKRVFDVRVFRQXQSURWDJRQLVWDPDVFXOLQRSDUDFUHDUGLVWDQFLDHQWUHOD SHUVRQDOLGDG GH OD DXWRUD \ HO SHUVRQDMH SUHVHQWDGR (VWDUtDQ HQWUH HOODV (O EDQGLGR GREOHPHQWHDUPDGRGH6ROHGDG3XpUWRODV/X]GHPHPRULDGH/RXUGHV2UWL]R-XDQVLQ 7LHUUDGH'RORUHV0HGLR3RUHOORODVFDUWDVORVGLDULRVODVDXWRELRJUDItDVODSRHVtD SULYDGD\ODVKLVWRULDVRUDOHVREUDVGHPXMHUHVVRQWH[WRVGRQGHUDVWUHDUODFRQFLHQFLD\ ODH[SUHVLyQ GHOD PXMHUHVWXGLDGRV HVRVt GHVGHODQXHYDSHUVSHFWLYDGHLGHQWLGDG SURYLVLRQDO\FLUFXQVWDQFLDODOHMDGDGHODXQLYHUVDOLGDG (QHVWDE~VTXHGDGHLGHQWLGDGODOLWHUDWXUDHVFULWDSRUPXMHUHVKDDSRUWDGR UDVJRVGLIHUHQFLDOHVORDSROtQHRHOORJRFHQWULVPR\ORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVRUGHQDGRVVH VXVWLWX\HQSRUORGLRQLVtDFR5XSWXUDTXHLPSOLFDWDPELpQXQDSHUFHSFLyQGHOWLHPSR GLVWLQWDODH[SRVLFLyQOLQHDOGHQWURGHFiQRQHVUDFLRQDOPHQWHHVWDEOHFLGRVVHFRQYLHUWH HQVXJHUHQFLDSRpWLFDRPtVWLFD\HQPXFKDVRFDVLRQHVHQUHSHWLFLyQFtFOLFD 2WUDGH ODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVGHHVWDGHQRPLQDGDHVFULWXUDIHPHQLQDHVODUHQXQFLD &,3/,-$86.$,7e%/DQRYHODIHPHQLQDFRQWHPSRUiQHD+DFLDXQDWLSRORJtD GHODQDUUDFLyQHQSULPHUDSHUVRQD%DUFHORQD(GLWRULDO$QWKURSRVSiJ 8 BELLIDO Navarro, P. (1992): “Rosa Montero: De la realidad a la ficción”, Mosaico de varia lección en homenaje a José María Capote Benot. Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla. pág. 253. /285(,522SFLWSiJ &,3/,-$86.$,7e2SFLWSiJ
DXQHQIRTXHREMHWLYRRH[WUDGLHJpWLFRWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHPDVFXOLQRSDUDFHQWUDVHHQOD H[SUHVLyQGHORLQWHULRUGHODPDQHUDPiVLQPHGLDWDSRVLEOH(OUHIOHMRGHODUHDOLGDGQR HV OR IXQGDPHQWDO \ HO UHSRUWDMH REMHWLYR VH VXVWLWX\H SRU OD YLYHQFLD VXEMHWLYD (Q GHILQLWLYDVHUHQXQFLDDOOHQJXDMH\DODVQRUPDVGHFRPSRVLFLyQHVWDEOHFLGDVSRUORV KRPEUHV\VHHVWDEOHFHXQOp[LFRGLIHUHQWH\XQQXHYRXVRGHODVLQWD[LVHQPXFKRV FDVRV (Q HVWH VHQWLGR 0LFKqOH 0RQWUHOD\ VRVWLHQH TXH PLHQWUDV TXH HOKRPEUH VH VHSDUDGHVtPLVPRDOHVFULELUHVWDEOHFLHQGRHQWHV\PXQGRVQXHYRV\FRQXQDFODUD WHQGHQFLDDREMHWLYDUODPXMHUHQFDPELRHQFXHQWUDHQODSDODEUDXQDSURORQJDFLyQGH HOODPLVPD\SRUHVRVXHVFULWXUDHVPXFKRPiVLQPHGLDWD (O XVR GHO SVLFRDQiOLVLV \ FLHUWDVWHRUtDV GHOOHQJXDMH TXHFRPR VHxDODEDKDQ WHQLGR XQD LPSRUWDQFLD GHWHUPLQDQWH HQ OD FUtWLFD IHPLQLVWD GHVGH ORV DxRV KD VHUYLGR SDUD GHWHFWDU LPSRUWDQWHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH OD HVFULWXUD IHPHQLQD (QWUH HOODV GHVWDFD HO SUHGRPLQLR GHO VXEFRQVFLHQWH GRQGH VHJ~Q -XQJ UHLQD OR IHPHQLQR ORV VXHxRV\ORVUHFXHUGRVIUHQWHDOHJRORPDVFXOLQR/DQRYHODFRQWHPSRUiQHDVHQXWUH FRQIUHFXHQFLDGHHVWRVFRPSRQHQWHV$SXQWD6LPRQHGH%HDXYRLUODPXMHUHVPXFKR PiV UHWLFHQWH D UHFKD]DU ORV UHFXHUGRV \ SDUD 3UDWW OD QRYHOD IHPHQLQD HV ³XQD UHVWDXUDFLyQDWUDYpVGHOUHFXHUGR´ 6LJXLHQGRWDPELpQODVWHRUtDVGH-XQ$QQ%HOIRUG 8ODQRY KD VXJHULGR TXH PLHQWUDV OD SHUFHSFLyQ TXH HO KRPEUH WLHQH GHO WLHPSR HV IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHFXDQWLWDWLYDODGHODPXMHUHVFXDOLWDWLYD6RVWLHQHHVWDDXWRUDTXHHO WLHPSRIHPHQLQRHVVLHPSUHSHUVRQDO\TXHHVHVRSUHFLVDPHQWHORTXHLQIOX\HHQXQD SHUFHSFLyQ GLIHUHQWH GHO PXQGR \ OD YLGD HQ JHQHUDO (VWR FRQOOHYD XQD H[SRVLFLyQ PDVFXOLQDFDUDFWHUL]DGDSRUORUDFLRQDOSURJUHVLYD\OyJLFD\XQDIHPHQLQDPXFKRPiV FHUFDQDDODLOXPLQDFLyQUHSHQWLQD (QFXDQWRDODQRYHODKLVWyULFDFDEHGHVWDFDUWDPELpQHOLQWHUpVGHODVPXMHUHV SRUODSULPHUDSHUVRQDXQDJUDQLQQRYDFLyQDSDUWLUGHODFXDOODKLVWRULDHVWUDQVPLWLGD GHVGH XQD SHUVSHFWLYD VXEMHWLYD GLFKR GH RWUR PRGR IHPHQLQD GHVFRQRFLGD 8QD KLVWRULDGRQGHWLHQHPiVLPSRUWDQFLDORtQWLPRTXHORS~EOLFRHVGHFLU³KLVWRULDILOWUDGD SRUXQDFRQFLHQFLDLQGLYLGXDO´ ,ELGHPSiJ /285(,522SFLWSiJ &,3/,-$86.$,7e2SFLWSiJ ,ELGHPSiJ ,ELGHPSiJ
(QGHILQLWLYDSRGUtDGHFLUVHTXHODQRYHODIHPHQLQDKDWUD]DGRXQFDPLQRGHVGH HOUHDOLVPRVRFLDOKDFLDODUHDOLGDGSVLFROyJLFDGRQGHODVHVWUXFWXUDVHVWDEOHFLGDVVHKDQ VXVWLWXLGRSRUFRQILJXUDFLRQHVPiVOLEUHV\HOOHQJXDMHFRQYHQFLRQDOSRUXQDH[SUHVLyQ PiV ULFD \ SHUVRQDO 8Q VHQGHUR TXH PDUFD XQD LQFOLQDFLyQ KDFLD OR LQIRUPH TXH IUHFXHQWHPHQWH VH DVRFLD FRQ OR RUDO \ OR HVSRQWiQHR R LPSURYLVDGR \ TXH PDUFD WDPELpQXQDWHQGHQFLDKDFLDODVSUHVHQWDFLRQHVLQWHQVDPHQWHOtULFDVTXHVLQHPEDUJRQR FDHQHQHOVHQWLPHQWDOLVPR (VSUHFLVDPHQWHHVWDRULHQWDFLyQKDFLDODYLYHQFLDLQWHUQDODTXHFRORFDHQXQ OXJDUGHKRQRUDOSVLFRDQiOLVLVSXHVWRTXHODOLWHUDWXUDIHPHQLQDKDHQFRQWUDGRHQpO XQDIRUPDGHOLEHUWDGWRWDOODGHODSURSLDFRQFLHQFLD(QHVWHVHQWLGR³(VWHOOH-HOLQHN REVHUYDTXHLQFOXVRDOHVFULELUDXWRELRJUDItDODPXMHUVROtDKDEODUVREUHWRGRGHKHFKRV \HVFRQGtDVXVVHQVDFLRQHVPiVSURIXQGDVORFXDOYDGHDFXHUGRFRQODSURSXHVWDGH -XOLHW 0LWFKHOO GH YHU D OD PXMHU FRPR µDUTXHWLSR GH OD FRQFLHQFLD UHSULPLGD¶ (O SVLFRDQiOLVLVKDXVXUSDGRKR\HOOHQJXDMHGHODFRQIHVLyQGLFWDQGRXQOHQJXDMHQXHYR (Q YH] GH YHODU SRU µHO GHFRUR¶ VH LQVLVWH HQ GHVYHODU DXQTXH OD FHQVXUD QR KD\D GHVSDUHFLGRSRUFRPSOHWR´ +D\ TXLHQ KD OOHJDGR PXFKR PiV OHMRV HQ HVWH SODQWHDPLHQWR SDUD DILUPDU LQFOXVR FRPR 6KRVKDQ )HOPDQ TXH HO ULWPR SDUWLFXODU GH JUDQ SDUWH GH OD QRYHOD FRQWHPSRUiQHDYLHQHPDUFDGRSRUODORFXUD\ODHVTXL]RIUHQLD(OGRORUVHFRQYLHUWHHQ OLWHUDWXUD\ HOVXIULPLHQWRVHH[RUFL]DPHGLDQWHODSDODEUD(VRVXJLHUHSRUHMHPSOR &DUPHQ 0DUWtQ *DLWH HQ (O FXDUWR GH DWUiV 2WUD VXJHUHQFLD GH HVWD DXWRUD WDPELpQ FRQWULEX\HDH[SOLFDUHVHGHVHRGHODHVFULWXUDIHPHQLQDSRUKXUJDUHQODFRQFLHQFLD\HO VXEFRQVFLHQWHODSUHRFXSDFLyQSRUHODPRUXQWHPDUHFXUUHQWHHQVXREUD/DHVFULWRUD DVHJXUD HQ HO SUyORJR GH &XHQWRV FRPSOHWRV TXH HO DPRU HV XQR GH ORV SULQFLSDOHV PRWLYRVGHGHVHVWDELOL]DFLyQSDUDODVPXMHUHV³PiVDIHFWDGDVSRUODFDUHQFLDGHDPRU TXHORVKRPEUHVPiVDWRUPHQWDGDVSRUODE~VTXHGDGHXQDLGHQWLGDGTXHODVKDJDVHU DSUHFLDGDVSRUORVGHPiV\SRUVtPLVPDV´(VWRPLVPRVRVWLHQH*UXQEHUJHUGHVGHHO iPELWRGHODSVLFRORJtDFXDQGRDILUPDTXHSDUDODPXMHU³HODPRUHVHOJUDQDVXQWRGHOD YLGD´ 16Ibidem. pág. 30. ,ELGHPSiJV ,ELGHPSiJV
(QFXDOTXLHUFDVRHQHVWHSURFHVRGHDXWRDILUPDFLyQGHE~VTXHGDGHLGHQWLGDG \GH SURFHVRGH FRQFLHQFLDFLyQSXHGHQ DSUHFLDUVHWDPELpQ DFWLWXGHVTXHOHMRVGHVHU SDFtILFDVVRQPXFKRPiVSROpPLFDVHVORTXHVHFRQRFHFRPR³ODHVFULWXUDUHEHOGH´HQ XQDE~VTXHGDFRQWLQXDGHODH[SUHVLyQOLEUHWDQWRHQHOWHPDFRPRHQODFRQILJXUDFLyQ FX\DVDXWRUDVSURFODPDQTXHSDUDFUHDUHVQHFHVDULRGHVWUXLUSULPHUR(VWDGHVWUXFFLyQ DEDUFDGHVGHODVMHUDUTXtDVVRFLDOHVRODPRUDOEXUJXHVDKDVWDHOOHQJXDMH (Q GHILQLWLYD VH WUDWD GH GHUUXLU PHGLDQWH OD SDODEUD HO LPDJLQDULR VRFLDO H[LVWHQWHFDUDFWHUL]DGRD~QHQODVRFLHGDGDFWXDOSRUODRSRVLFLyQKRPEUHPXMHUDOJR FRQORTXHHVSRVLEOHURPSHUVLYHUGDGHUDPHQWHFRPLHQ]DDFRQFHELUVHHOVXMHWRFRPR CSRVLFLRQDOLGDG\QRFRPRHVHQFLDHVGHFLURFXSDQGRXQDSRVLFLyQHQXQPRPHQWR FRQFUHWR GH OD KLVWRULD FX\DV SUiFWLFDV \ GLVFXUVRV OH GHWHUPLQDQ SHUR TXH QR OH FRQGLFLRQDQ(OVXMHWRSXHGH\GHEHDGRSWDUXQDCSROtWLFDGHLGHQWLGDGXQDWRPDGH SRVLFLyQSDUDPRGLILFDUHVDVSUiFWLFDV\GLVFXUVRV (VWDSXHUWDDELHUWDDODOLEHUWDGGHO VXMHWRVHUiODTXHKDEUiGHVHUYLUSDUDWUDQVIRUPDUXQLPDJLQDULRVRFLDOHQWHQGLGRFRPR ³XQFRPSOHMRVLVWHPDGHYDORUHVTXHHVWDEOHFHODVFRQGLFLRQHVFRQFUHWDVGHH[SHULHQFLD GHODPXMHU´HQXQ³LPDJLQDULRGHDOLDQ]D´PXFKRPiVIOH[LEOH\HQULTXHFHGRU(Q HOOR OD OLWHUDWXUD WLHQH XQ SHVR IXQGDPHQWDO SHUR ORV PHGLRV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ \ OD PXMHU LQWHJUDGD HQ WRGR HO SURFHVR FRPR UHIHUHQWH UHFHSWRUD \ VREUH WRGR FRPR SURGXFWRUDKDEUiQGHGHVHPSHxDUXQSDSHOGHWHUPLQDQWH 3RU HOOR SDUHFH UD]RQDEOH \ GHVHDEOH DSURYHFKDU ORV KDOOD]JRV GH OD FUtWLFD IHPLQLVWDHQFXDQWRDOUDVWUHRGHUDVJRVFRPXQHVHQWH[WRVGHVXMHWRVP~OWLSOHVKDVWD DKRUDFHQWUDGDVREUHWRGRHQHOiPELWRGHODOLWHUDWXUD\WUDVODGDUORVPDQWHQLHQGRODV RSRUWXQDVGLVWDQFLDVDOiPELWRGHOSHULRGLVPRGHVHUYLFLRVHQHOTXHQRVHQFRQWUDPRV LQPHUVRVGHVGHORVDxRVRFKHQWD (VWDQXHYDHWDSDGHOSHULRGLVPRKDSURSLFLDGRXQD HQRUPHSURIXVLyQ\p[LWRGHWH[WRVFUHDWLYRV\GHRSLQLyQGRQGHKDQGHVWDFDGRHQORV ~OWLPRVDxRVPXMHUHVFRPR3LODU8UEDQR5RVD0RQWHURR0DUXMD7RUUHVHQWHRWUDV 7DPELpQHOODVFRPRORIXHURQHQVXPRPHQWRODVQRYHOLVWDVVRQUHFLpQOOHJDGDV D XQ iPELWR WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH PDVFXOLQR HQ SDUWLFXODU HO GHO SHULRGLVPRGH RSLQLyQ PDUFDGRSRUODDXUHRODGHSUHVWLJLRSURIHVLRQDOTXHURGHDDORVFROXPQLVWDV\SRUOD ,ELGHPSiJV /285(,522SFLWSiJ 9È=48(=2SFLWSiJV $50$f$1=$6(<'Ë$=12&,-3HULRGLVPR\$UJXPHQWDFLyQ*pQHURVGH2SLQLyQ %LOEDR6HUYLFLR(GLWRULDO8QLYHUVLGDG3DtV9DVFRSiJV
HQRUPH FDSDFLGDG FRQIRUPDGRUD GH OD UHDOLGDG VRFLDO TXH WLHQHQHVWRV WH[WRV1R HQ YDQR ORV WH[WRV GH RSLQLyQ VRQ FRQVLGHUDGRV HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG ORV ³PHQVDMHV YHUGDGHUDPHQWH RULJLQDOHV GH XQ SHULyGLFR´ HQFDUJDGRV GH FDQDOL]DU ORV DFRQWHFLPLHQWRVGLDULRVGHVYLiQGRORVGHORVMXLFLRVHTXtYRFRV\SUHSDUDQGRHOFDPLQR KDFLDODVFRQYLFFLRQHVTXHKDEUiGHGHIHQGHUHOOHFWRUGHSUHQVDXQOHFWRUFXDOLILFDGR\ FRPRHOSURSLRFROXPQLVWDOtGHUGHRSLQLyQ (QGHILQLWLYDVHWUDWDGHXQDSURSXHVWDGHWUDVSDVDUHOPHURDQiOLVLVWH[WXDO HQHOTXHDPHQXGRVHGHWLHQHQODVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVUHDOL]DGDVHQHVWHFDPSRKDVWDHO PRPHQWR SDUD DEDUFDU FRQFOXVLRQHV TXH SRQJDQ GH PDQLILHVWR ODV SRVLELOLGDGHV HGXFDWLYDVGHORVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQHQJHQHUDO\GHOSHULRGLVPRGHRSLQLyQHQ SDUWLFXODUDWHQGLHQGRDOFDPELRGHYDORUHVLQWURGXFLGRSRUODLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHODPXMHU FRPRJHQHUDGRUDGHHVWRVGLVFXUVRVORTXHODVFRQYLHUWHHQSHGDJRJDVGHJUDQDOFDQFH FRQLQGXGDEOHFDSDFLGDGSDUDPRGLILFDUHOLPDJLQDULRVRFLDOHQHOQXHYRPLOHQLR 6$17$0$5Ë$68È5(=/*pQHURVSDUDODSHUVXDVLyQHQ3HULRGLVPR0DGULG(GLWRULDO )UDJXD
