Maturing information management in compliance with international standards

Universidade do Minho Escola de Engenharia Knight Victor Maturing Information management in compliance with international standards November 2022 UMinho | 2022 Knight Victor Maturing Information management in compliance with international standards Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union The European Master in Building Information Modelling is a joint initiative of: Universidade do Minho Escola de Engenharia Knight Victor Maturing Information management in compliance with international standards Master Dissertation European Master in Building Information Modelling Work conducted under supervision of: Jose Granja Marta Campos (tutor in company) November, 2022 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ ii AUTHORSHIP RIGHTS AND CONDITIONS OF USE OF THE WORK BY THIRD PARTIES This is an academic work that can be used by third parties, as long as internationally accepted rules and good practices are respected, particularly in what concerts to author rights and related matters. Therefore, the present work may be used according to the terms of the license shown below. If the user needs permission to make use if this work in conditions that are not part of the licensing mentioned below, he/she should contact the author through the RepositóriUM platform of the University of Minho. License granted to the users of this work Attribution CC BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Grateful I am to God Almighty for his grace and strength to embark on this journey. To my beloved family Dr. & Mrs E.D. Knights thank you for all you support and prayers. Romeo, Lemuel, Peter, and Paul a big thank you for all the encouraging calls it meant a lot to me during this work. A very Big thank you to Marta Campos, I must say your passion and enthusiasm is infectious in a good way. Giving you time and resources to this course has not only support me through the dissertation but, has shown me that critical thinking and perseverance open doors to new frontiers, which could be just that leap one needs to get to the next level. Power to you and the good work you are doing. I will always remember it. I would like to express my gratitude to BIM A+ consortium, for supporting me with a fine token which subsidence my expenses. In a special way I would like to thank Oghenevwede Gift Agboro for being the cherry on this journey. God bless you. Jose Granja, your push, and guidance was helpful through the entire process I am grateful. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ iv STATEMENT OF INTEGRITY I hereby declare having conducted this academic work with integrity. I confirm that I have not used plagiarism or any form of undue use of information or falsification of results along the process leading to its elaboration. I further declare that I have fully acknowledged the Code of Ethical Conduct of the University of Minho. Knight Victor Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ v RESUMO A Gestão da Informação utilizando a Modelação da Informação sobre Edifícios (BIM) é um conjunto de conceitos e princípios recomendados para apoiar a gestão e produção de informação durante o ciclo de vida de um bem construído (EN ISO 19650-1, 2018). A gestão da informação é importante, especialmente em tempos recentes, com um tremendo impulso para a transformação digital. A noção de que a gestão da informação é melhor feita em sistemas robustos de gestão da informação (IMS) é correcta. É justo dizer que a dinâmica global vai no sentido de soluções baseadas na nuvem ou electrónicas mas, por outro lado, muitas empresas podem ser excluídas devido à dinâmica de mercado de acessibilidade em relação ao investimento de capital acessível à sua disposição. Certamente, chegará o momento em que a mudança antecipada para estes sistemas acontecerá, mas a grande questão é o que acontece entretanto? A informação criada, armazenada, utilizada e gerida deve ser organizada de forma bem estruturada, com as recomendações correctas e apropriadas, utilizando bons fluxos de trabalho e uma ferramenta simples. O estudo procura investigar abordagens de base para uma boa gestão da informação num caminho acessível, com o objectivo de colmatar a lacuna de uma má estrutura de gestão da informação. O trabalho foi capaz de recolher a informação necessária através de entrevistas de investigação. Descobriu-se então que os sistemas de gestão de informação existentes no mercado são dispendiosos e complicados de migrar para a maioria dos casos. Inevitavelmente, tornando mais difícil para os estabelecimentos de pequena e média escala a adopção de recomendações de melhores práticas de normas internacionais. Este estudo analisa a gestão da informação relacionada com um importante contribuinte para o ciclo de vida do património construído que são os Arquitectos que fazem Arquitectura. O estudo centra-se numa prática de pequena escala com o objectivo de elevar o seu actual nível de maturidade, além de alinhar os actuais processos de informação com as normas internacionais relevantes. Contudo, existe uma maturidade significativa na gestão da informação utilizando a metodologia BIM dentro da empresa. O entendimento de que o berço da gestão da informação depende de fluxos de trabalho pragmáticos dos processos existentes que informam a melhoria proposta foi útil neste trabalho. A abordagem procurou ferramentas prontamente disponíveis e acessíveis que potencialmente melhorariam a gestão da informação em torno do ambiente de dados comum (CDE), convenções de nomenclatura, e verificação da informação (Baseado em pastas). Três soluções tentadas a partir dos estudos abrem a porta para mergulhar num amplo espectro de soluções baseadas numa síntese robusta de fluxos de trabalho pragmáticos em torno da prática da gestão da informação na Arquitectura e outros agentes da indústria utilizando a metodologia BIM. O trabalho não cria um CDE perfeito mas tentou desenvolver três (3) soluções semi-automatizadas de nível para ajudar a gestão da informação de uma forma estruturada. Finalmente, para criar estas soluções, foram implementadas três ferramentas de Tecnologia da Informação; linguagem de programação Python utilizada para o desenho lógico, Tkinter para python utilizado para a IU, e Microsoft Access para a Base de Dados. Palavras-chave: (Gestão da Informação, Criador do nome do contentor, Metadados, CDE de base de dados, Verificação Automatizada) Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ vi ABSTRACT Information Management using Building Information modelling (BIM) is a set of recommended concepts and principles to support the management and production of information during the life cycle of a built asset (EN ISO 19650-1, 2018). The management of Information is important, especially in recent times with tremendous forward push in digital transformation. The notion that information management is best done on robust information management systems (IMS) is correct. Fair to say that global momentum is going in the direction of cloud-based or electronic solutions but on the other hand many firms might be excluded because of market dynamics of affordability in relation to affordable capital investment at their disposal. Surely, it will come a time that the anticipated shift to these systems will happen, but the big question is what happens in the meantime? However, Information created, stored, used, and managed should be organised in a well-structured manner with the correct and appropriate recommendations using good workflows and simple tools. The study seeks to investigate baseline approaches to good information management in an affordable path, with the aim to bridge the gap of poor information management structure (in small and medium scale enterprises). The work was able to gather necessary information through investigative interviews. It was then discovered that information management systems out there in the market are expensive to afford and complicated to migrate to in most cases. Inevitably, making it harder for small and medium scale establishments from adopting best practice recommendations of international standards. This study looks at information management relating to an important contributor to the built asset life cycle which are Architects doing Architecture. The study focuses on a small-scale practice with the aim to elevate its current maturity level, plus aligning the current information management processes with relevant international standards. Though, there is significant maturity in information management using BIM methodology within the firm. The understanding that the cradle of information management relies on pragmatic workflows of existing processes that informs proposed improvement was helpful in this work. The approach looked at readily available and affordable tools that would potentially improve information management around common data environment (CDE), naming conventions, and verification of information (Folder-Based). Three attempted solutions from the studies opens the gate to dive into a broad spectrum of solutions based on robust synthesis of pragmatic workflows around information management practice in Architecture and other industry players using BIM methodology. The work does not create a perfect CDE but has attempted to develop three (3) Tier semi-automated solutions to assist the management of information in a structured way. Lastly, to create these solutions three Information Technology tools were deployed; Python programming language used for logic design, Tkinter for python used for the UI, and Microsoft Access for the Database. Keywords: (Information Management, Container name, Metadata, Folder-base CDE, Automated Verification, SMEs) Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ vii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 13 1.1. MOTIVATION ..................................................................................................................... 14 1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT ................................................................................................... 15 1.3. OBJECTIVES AND GOALS ............................................................................................... 16 1.4. DISSERTATION STRUCTURE .......................................................................................... 16 2. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT USING BIM ....................................................................... 19 2.1. OVERVIEW CONCEPT OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ...................................... 19 2.2. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE ARCHITECTURAL REALM ............ 20 2.3. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, DIGITALIZATION, AEC INDUSTRY AND ISO 19650 1 & 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 22 2.4. STANDARDIZATIONS FOR INFORMATION MANAGEMENT. ISO 19650_1 & 2 ..... 23 2.5. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (IMS) ....................................................... 25 2.5.1. Electronic Document Management System application in the AEC industry ............... 26 2.5.2. Components of Information Management systems ....................................................... 27 2.6. SALIENT POINTS OF MANAGING INFORMATION USING THE BIM METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................ 28 3. DIAGNOSIS OF CASE STUDY AND DEVELOPMENTS ....................................................... 31 3.1. OVERVIEW AND FOCUS AREA ...................................................................................... 31 3.2. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT WITHIN MARTA CAMPOS ATELIER DE ARQUITECTURA PRACTICE ....................................................................................................... 31 3.3. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT WORKFLOWS (AS-IS) ............................................. 33 3.4. TABULAR SYNTHESIS OF WEAKNESS AND STRENGTHS ....................................... 34 3.5. PROPOSED WORKFLOWS FOR IMPROVEMENT (TO-BE) ......................................... 37 3.6. CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF IMPROVEMENT AREAS ............................................. 39 4. TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS (RESULTS) ............................................................................... 43 4.1. DEVELOPMENT OF 3 TIER FOLDER BASED CDE KIT ............................................... 43 4.2. CONCEPT PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS ........................................................................ 44 4.3. TIER 1: SCRIPTED FOLDER BASED CDE CREATOR ................................................... 45 4.3.1. Illustrative Structure ...................................................................................................... 45 4.3.2. Graphical Interface User Instruction / Workflow Principle .......................................... 45 4.4. TIER 2: SCRIPTED CONTAINER NAME CREATOR ...................................................... 46 4.4.1. Illustrative Structure ...................................................................................................... 46 4.4.2. Graphical Interface User Instruction / Workflow Principle .......................................... 47 4.5. TIER 3: AUTOMATED VERIFICATION SCRIPT ............................................................ 48 4.5.1. Illustrative Structure ...................................................................................................... 48 4.5.2. Graphical Interface User Instruction / Workflow Principle .......................................... 48 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ viii 5. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 51 5.1. GENERAL CONCLUSION .................................................................................................. 51 5.2. RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................................... 52 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 53 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. 55 APPENDICES ....................................................................................................................................... 56 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 16 The above list of issues can be considered as the cradle of information management when not using an EDMS solution. Attempting to correctly do this will make a positive difference in the realm of any AEC industry player. Limitations such as human working fatigue to follow through with all information management functions affects the organisation of information if manual process is used. Certain functional requirements need to be smart, which requires a more sophisticated programming ability creates limitation to addressing some of the functions. Time frame for the work has a direct impact on the overall aim. 1.3. Objectives and Goals What we would like to achieve is a “CDE KIT” entangling attainable information management solutions, ISO-19650 focused, for small/medium companies to easily dive into information management in an ever more digitalised AEC industry. This work aims at critical analysis of information management workflows (graphical and nongraphical) within the common data environment (CDE) as it is used in the establishment, as it relates to stipulations laid down in the ISO 19650-1&2 standards, as it connects to expanded functions (custom additions) and develops simple and affordable working scripts. within the realm of an Architectural Practice currently using BIM Methodology, (“Marta Campos – Arquitectura”) to identify weaknesses and strengths and proffer better workflows that comply with international standards. Hence, improving and extending BIM methodology performance, elevate the current maturity of the practice through modified workflows based on ISO standards. The goal is to design technology solutions that create folder based CDE, container naming creators, and verification mechanisms for all information that will be in the CDE folders. 1.4. Dissertation Structure Chapter 1 (Introduction) gives an elaborate explanation of different angles to the title and how these relate to one another and emphasises its importance. To talk about information management, it was good to link information and management as it has evolved through history (Human aspect). The sector involved in the use of information and its direct impact on employment was mentioned, and problems associated with excluding good practices due to economic situations followed, while the recommendation of the great standardization manual of BIM which is the ISO-19650 series, and its key connection to Information management was established. All this perspective feeds into the established problem manifest, extracted from the thoughts of the host organisation putting out the need to create useful information management practice that is affordable, though having its limitations does not warrant standing aside. Reflecting an important need for work in the niche. Chapter 2 (Information management in BIM and AEC) The history of information management and the early proponents of this term in modern day highlight its main ingredients. The content is structured in 6 parts. One, BIM and the AEC relevant background work as it applies to information management (IM) currently ongoing and in the recent past. Two, the collected review works of IM in the realm of Architecture as it is a major part of the AEC industry with a focus on CDE. Three, ISO 19650-1,2,3 and 4 are currently part of the ISO 19650 series which is the leading standards that govern BIM implementation, careful extracts from this document provided the sole source of truth as to how this uniform way of doing things will eventually be a norm. This section will outline a digital pipeline supporting IM vis-a-viz ISO standards. Four, understanding management systems especially EDMS Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 17 which is highly recommended by most guidance documents, knowing how it works and understanding its back-end philosophy through existing literature available can give insights to creating plugin links to foster interoperability. Five, MC’s information management knowledge area is well developed theoretically and in practice to noticeable maturity. The verbal narration of their management practice is captured in this section, with important insight coming from the leadership of the practice. A clear indication of strategies and the willingness to uphold them. Six, lastly important points of the ins and outs of information management in BIM are drawn and narrowed to Architectural practice and how it applies to allied professionals. Chapter 3 (Diagnosis of Case Study) The period of the study was characterized by reoccurring meetings every other week. It was an open discussion that gave a deep understanding of the practice, its values, working methods, challenges, step-by-step approach to projects inclined to Architectural phases and delivery recommendations from the ISO 19650-2. Leading to an illustration of the process in an AS IS process diagram. Through this rigorous exercise, obvious strengths and weakness was picked on, which eventually helped to identify a course of action. Focusing particularly on the CDE and container naming convention. TO-BE proposed workflows of improvement built on the exiting status. Chapter 4 (Technology Solution) Three Tier solution was considered, focusing on the CDE. Firstly, is the automated creation of folder-based CDE states recommended for information management over a project or an organized assets management procedure. Secondly, the creation of naming containers in a structured matter as stipulated by the UK National annex to the ISO-19650. Thirdly, is the verification of the information in the folders. As simple as the outcome of this approach sounds, it addresses important components of what characterizes the CDE. Good placeholders for different information stages, naming conventions and data repository that holders the correct metadata. A graphical user interface is developed for ease of use, connected to the database (Microsoft Access) through python logic language. Solutions demo illustrating diagrammatically proposed workflows. Chapter 5 (Conclusion/recommendations) In summary outlines the results of this work and make a case for future works that could be done. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 18 This page is intentionally left blank Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 19 2. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT USING BIM Utilizing information management to manage the information about an asset throughout its life cycle, BIM primarily uses a three-dimensional (3D) model of the asset. The two things work best together. A good model is created by solid information management practices, and a good model effectively manages information. 2.1. Overview concept of Information management Constructed from general readings, Information in general terms could mean the representation of messages of any form, it is not considered knowledge, rather it is an extract of data that is processed, organized, structured, and given a context to make it useful. To Put it in another form, Information simple or complex, structured, or unstructured is the fuel powering any organization for compliance, efficiency, effectiveness, etc. Strategic transformation depends on information without good information progress is uncertain. In general, management is the methodical process of controlling any kind of information within a structure by a series of actions and tactics that vary according to the type of thing that needs to be controlled. It is accurate to argue that something substantial has emerged and needs to be controlled in an organized manner when it comes to the topic of information management if the aforementioned explanations are combined to form information management. As shown in Figure 3 below, the CDE serves as the only source of truth for all information management activities that are strategically connected. The idea can be used in all areas of the AEC industry, as well as any other industry for that matter. Figure 3 - illustrating information management through a coordinated workflow (van de Watt, 2022). Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 20 2.2. Information management within the Architectural Realm Historically, information was managed by Architects as the sole controllers of the entire process. The dawn of the 20th century brought about releasing some of the Architect’s information management power to different structures and fast forward to recent times the entire spectrum of the industry transformed into what is shown in figure 4 below progressively presenting different times. Figure 4 - historic progression of the Architects Role in information management (Marta Campos Atelier de Arquitectura, n.d.) Figure 4 above with no doubt carries in its progressive pipeline journey through time. The illustration reveals what would be regarded as the roles of Architecture in the AEC industry across the timeline. On the contrary, embedded in it is the complexity and slow development of the magnitude of what it entails to be an Architect practicing Architecture. Generated in the flow of these matrices are containers of messages flowing in one direction, two directions, or multiple directions however the case may be, there is tremendous trouble created due to irregular patterns. Firstly, because there is no coherent manner in the way these messages are coordinated and managed. The construction process generates a significant amount of information, much of which is not integrated but is instead created and held by various people and organizations, according to certain subsequent research in the connected domains of engineering and construction. This can create problems with keeping information up-to-date and ensuring that all parties requiring access to the information have the most recent version (Abukhder & Munns, 2003). Two-thirds of the construction problems are caused by inadequate coordination and inefficient means of communication of project information and data (Cornick & Barre, 1991). Integration of the design and construction processes alone cannot improve productivity and performance without improved communication and efficient means of exchanging information (Dawood et al., 2002). Looking at another context, construction information can be grouped into three categories: general information, organization-specific information, and project-specific information (Dawood et al., 2002). Integration of the design and construction processes alone cannot improve productivity and performance without improved communication and efficient means of exchanging information. Fig. 5 shows a macro view of the current communication process in the industry. The same information, sometimes with different views, is often used in multiple functional areas of the construction process by multiple organizations involved in the project. The exchange of that information is still being carried out today in much the same way as it had been done in the last few decades-manually. In some Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 21 cases where computers are used to produce the data, they need to be reformatted before they can be imported and reused, resulting in misinterpretations or loss of vital information and errors(Dawood et al., 2002). Figure 5macro view of the communication process (Dawood et al., 2002). In the business of Architecture and the interaction with clients, Engineers, contractors and so on, information is created which needs to be managed and managed properly is the main issue. That is where the break lies. Figure 6 below, The Royal Institute of British Architects has a very robust plan of work which is used by organizations. It organizes the process of briefing, designing, constructing, and operating building projects into eight stages and explains the stage outcomes, core tasks and information exchange required at each stage. This table shows a comprehensive approach to how information potentially generated over a project or adopted by an organization is supposed to be coordinated. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 22 Figure 6 - RIBA plan of work (RIBA, 2020). 2.3. Information management, Digitalization, AEC industry and ISO 19650 1 & 2 Information management can be manual or electronic. So many factors affect transparency, efficiency, control, integrity, quantity, quality, and so on. It is no news that digital transformation has changed and is changing every aspect of today’s world. Transformations come with so many perspectives though having a common baseline which in this case is technology. Figure 7 below at the apex, is digital transformation, followed by digitalization and digitization. Figure 7 - macro view of the communication process (Saarikko et al., 2020). digital transformation is the process of strategically reimagining and fundamentally overhauling how an organization uses people, processes, and technology—focusing on seamless integration of business Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 23 models and digital technology across all areas to enhance operations, bring better value to the customer, and drive revenue (Lukasa, n.d.) Digitalization “The first contemporary use of the term “digitalization” in conjunction with computerization appeared in a 1971 essay first published in the North American Review. In it, Robert Wachal discusses the social implications of the “digitalization of society” in the context of considering objections to, and potentials for, computer-assisted human research. From this beginning, writing about digitalization has grown into a massive literature—one concerned less with the specific process of converting analogy data streams into digital bits or the specific affordances of digital media than with the ways that digital media variously structure, shape, and influence the contemporary world. In this sense, digitalization has come to broadly refer to the structuring of many and diverse domains of social life around digital communication and media infrastructures” (Brennen & Kreiss, 2016) Digitization Scholars across disciplines use the term “digitization” to refer to the technical process of converting streams of analogue information into digital information (Brennen & Kreiss, 2016). 2.4. Standardizations for Information management. ISO 19650_1 & 2 Literature around digital transformation elaborated above shows the need to upgrade and have a seamless flow of information across the AEC industry. Analysis and facts presented show the potential of the expected growth. To achieve this goal of upgrading the AEC industry, standards such as the ISO 19650-series published by International Standards Organization was arranged to help the shift for Organizations towards digitization. Notable is the first series that includes information management using building information modelling Placing importance on information management as the bedrock of digitization in the AEC industry. Key to all components, Architecture, Engineering, and Construction, with no one having less than the other in the level of cultivation towards a better system. It is worth listing out the ISO series as shown below in Figures 10 and 11 to give a background to its development. Figure 10 - PAS 1192 used as the basis for the ISO 19650 series. (shillcock & Operam, 2022). Figure 11 - ISO 19650 series – part 6 is in development. (shillcock & Operam, 2022). Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 24 The who, why, what is in it, and how can it help collaboration of information are explained below: Who developed the ISO 19650-series? When the United Kingdom PAS 1192 (Publicly Available Specifications) series was published (28/02/2013), it was found that a lot of organizations around the world started to adopt the PAS 1192 series and make that requirement to their projects. Further to that the International Organization for Standards (ISO) through one of its committees (ISO/TC/059/SC/13) responsible for all standards around the Organization and digitization of information about building and civil engineering works including building information modelling (BIM) developed the ISO 19650 series (shillcock, 2022). Why was it developed? Information has been produced in any case before the invention of any digital medium. Research had shown that information produced has been in silos and the training of creators of this information likewise. The impact of this is the production of wasteful information that invariably is incorrect, ambiguous, and incomplete resulting in significant waste in both cost and time. On the other side, with the development of different software solutions, to help with the problem based on promises made by vendors research has shown that it eventually gets worst with only the ability to produce inadequate quality information quicker than previously available methods. Tools are changing but the way we manage information is not. Hence, why the switch to collaborative ways of information management (shillcock, 2022). What is in the ISO 19650 series? Part 1 Concept and Principles, for the management of information throughout the entire asset lifecycle that is both the delivery and the operation phase. Part 2 Delivery Phase of Assets, Sets out the information management process for the management of information during the delivery phase of assets. It includes a national annex. Part 3 Operation Phase of Assets, Set outs the information management process for the management information during the operational phase of the assets. It is a prequel to part 2. Asset owners should start from this point. Part 4 Information Exchange looks at the effect of exchange of information between parties. Though not published yet. Part 5 Security Mind approach to information Management Adopting security management approach to managing information. This came about because most asset owners’ security policy is in chaos and now it is becoming structured and its online that comes with new treats and vulnerabilities, part of asset that are considered sensitive and helps to put measures in place to secure the associated information. Part 6 Health and Safety Work in Progress not published yet (shillcock, 2022). The ISO standards is considered has one of the best baseline documentations used to achieve better information management within the AEC industry. it has disrupted the industry and will continue to change the way things are done as time will reveal. Many Governments are appending it into national requirements for certain works, Business, Organizations, and the academia are continuously combing it and testing it recommendations for new, existing, and experimental projects. In addition, Information management, Standards and Digital means is now fused together in a structured format to project meaningful collaboration and seamless linking of all parties in the AEC industry. Another good explain of what the standards says about information management is found in the UK BIM alliance Guidance Documents. “Information management at its simplest is the management and execution of tasks relating to the definition of information requirements as well as information production, checking and delivery. It is fundamental to understand that information management applies to all information, collectively referred to as an “information model.” An information model is a set of structured and/or unstructured information holding any combination of geometrical information, alphanumerical information, and documentation. Everyone making up a project team has an involvement and interaction with information management in varying degrees. It is not a new concept and has existed in some shape or form ever since information production was carried out by hand (UK BIM Framework, 2021). Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 25 2.5. Information Management Systems (IMS) Architecture, Engineering, and Construction need to change, Standards are now available to guide everyone, and digital processes are highly sorted after to make it possible. Innovative ideas come with new challenges positive or negative. The information generated and managed needs mediums to be processed. Bringing into existence the need for proper Information manages systems. An extract from (Bourgeois & Bourgeois, 2014) “Information systems (IS) is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software that people, and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data”. “Information systems are combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational settings.” “Information systems are interrelated components working together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.” As you can see, these definitions focus on two diverse ways of describing information systems: the components that make up an information system and the role that those components play in an organization (Bourgeois & Bourgeois, 2014). Figure 12 shows diagrammatically how information system works in an elaborate manner. Figure 12 - illustration of how information system works. Broadly speaking Management is the strategic coordination of any organization’s resources in a beautiful and systematic manner. Mostly with the intention to having better productivity that leads to better profits and allow for smoother continuity. Now, this is to say that Information management systems is the fusion of all that is in management and information systems to makeup what we know as information management system. Information Management System (IMS) is a general term for software designed to help the storage, organization, and retrieval of information. Furthermore, IMS is also the name of IBM’s mammoth software program developed in the 1960s to support NASA's Apollo space program. This IMS version was the precursor to IBM's premier hierarchical database management system (DBMS) (Techopedia, 2017). Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 32 Figure 13 – worksheet used for assessment Source (BIM A+1). Based on the information gotten from series of interview with the BIM champion within the office, the information was injected into the matrix document for organizational BIM assessment, that covers a series of key planning elements inclusive of “process and information” relevant to the study. It revealed strong desire to improve processes. Figure 14 below shows that overall, BIM maturity level for an establishment of its size is significant and has a strong desire to grow more into using BIM process. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 33 Figure 14 -Results from organisational BIM assessment. 3.3. Information management workflows (AS-IS) The information management workflow in the practice is done internally with team members on a folder based CDE in their internal server while communicating with external professionals using Dropbox. Figure 19 Below diagrammatically shows the information management process over a project within the practice. The practice uses affordable resources to coordinate, share, manage, retrieve, and store information on a project-to-project bases. A parent folder holder is used to house two main folders, namely internal and external. Internal folder structure keeps information shared by local team working on a project. External refers to sets of information agreed and approved for sharing with specialist teams such as Electrical Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, structural Engineers etc. Manual transfer of information is used to shift information across the platforms. Furthermore, a crucial entity for identifying information in both structures is the container naming convention from the UK national annex. The process model in Figure 15 below, illustrates the information flow as it exists within the architectural practice of MC. When a project is initiated by a client who can be an individual, organisations, or government, that starts the cycle of an asset. The process begins to create information between the owner (Appointing Party) and the Architects (Lead Appointed). It corresponds to the Architectural phase 0_strategic definition and so on. Series of activities happen in this section and next stage can only continue if there is full agreement and approval to go ahead. From left to right the stages apply along the column while from top to bottom the process flow and a ridge connection to serve as demarcation. Information generated needs to be managed from the moment it is created. The status according to the illustration below takes place on two fronts, on a Windows operating system folder structure (Internal) and cloud-based (External). The information managed is in different forms and formats. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 34 Figure 15 - Workflow (AS-IS) used for information management with internal and external CDE. 3.4. Tabular synthesis of weakness and strengths Sorted out in Table 2 below shows identified strengths and weaknesses extracted during Interviews and periodic meetings during the study period. Narrows down to the following: Table 2 - columnated identification of strengths and weakness. Strengths Weakness 1 The use of international standards and globally recognized guidance documents. Namely:ISO-19650, RIBA plan of work, and UK BIM frame. The information management system around the CDE is currently organized differently, within Project team and other AEC players. Hence, making the flow of information difficult. 2 For information management best practice to really align to any practice and succeed the most critical component is the leaderships willingness. In this case the leader of the For BIM enabled projects to be interoperable from one platform to another good metadata structure is to be in place. So that mapping or migration of information would be seamless. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 35 practice is the captain steering the Voyage. 3 Modelling using computer-aided software is at an advance level plus information mapping on modelled elements and components is meticulously done. Information management is steered by people and their willingness to follow it through as agreed. To assist this commitment, database structure manipulations is directly connected to it. In this case of study there are limitation in database management of information produced across a project. 4 The scale of the establishment is an advantage in the sense that People management and technology skill upgrade might be easily embarked upon as opposed to larger scale establishment. Naming convention has a significant role in the organization of information. There is a limitation to the manual creation and storing the sequence of created naming formats. Tendency for error, fatigue as the project scales up are some of the flaws with the current approach. 5 Lack of storage history for container names. The tendency for information to be lost is high and traceability for projects that are for long periods becomes difficult. 6 Lack of storage for metadata associated to the information containers. 7 Lack of interoperability with other systems. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 36 Furthermore, the table below uses the information from Table 1 as needs to have of document management systems to evaluate MC’s practice. Table 3 - Evaluation of existing information management in relation to key components of an Information management system Components Rating 1= weak >>>>>>>>and>>>>>>>>>>> 5 = Strong Needs Improvement>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Excellent 1 2 3 4 5 1 Metadata 2 Integration 3 Capture 4 Data validation 5 Indexing 6 Storage 7 Retrieval 8 Distribution 9 Workflow 10 Collaboration 11 Versioning 12 Searching 13 Federated search 14 Publishing 15 Hardcopy reproduction The rating parameter ranges from 0-5. Zero (0) as the non-existing and Five (5) as Excellent. One (1) is the baseline for measurement and level of improvement increasing in positive multiples. Nine (6) out of Fifteen (15) components are low. There is awareness about the need to have but no implementation. In the middle, ratings 2-3 indicates components implemented that needs improvement. Overall, based on the IMS need to have guiding components the Information Management mechanism of the Atelier is low. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 37 3.5. Proposed workflows for improvement (TO-BE) After many deliberations, searching and researching on existing knowledge about common data environment. The approach mechanism employed, saw the possibility of organising information that resides in a CDE with readily opensource platforms available. The major problems of the folder based CDE solutions that is used in the practice are: 1, Lack of automated creation of parent folders and sub-folders. Hence, keeping consistency and traceability difficult. 2, Non-Existence of access control. 3, Lack of proper storage for information created and used within the CDE. 4, Non-Existence of metadata mapping registry. 5, Lack of revision control. 6, Manual interoperability of information between the office and shared CDE. 7, Naming convention creator is rigid and prone to errors with multiple users. Improvement around automated folder creation, automating naming creation, and verification of information as explained below, seeks to positively advance the current information management in the practice: 1, Design of an automated folder creation tool. Serving as a generic tool that is used from project to project. Tackling errors and inconsistency. 2, Generating automatic container naming identifications (ID) for all information. keeping an organised record of IDs created with all relevant information including the Metadata. 3, All information created, used, and stored need to be verified. Hence, a verification routine defined by a tool designed to check and validate information using the ID structure as a checking tool. Considering that simple and affordable solutions is created with available tools, creating some level of automation so that errors are minimised, accuracy is assured, reduction in process fatigue, making sure workflows are easy to follow, creating the appropriate metadata structure that shall provide easy interoperability with other systems and verification of information (flagging off inconsistencies). Figure 16 below shows the re-engineered process (TO-BE) with 3 three tiers semi-automated application all working to better arrange information and manage the information created, used, stored, and archived. Using a database platform for information safe keep, easy to use interface and connected with a logic language mechanism. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 38 Figure 16 – Illustration of To-Be for the improvement of the current information management around the CDE (TO-BE). Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 39 3.6. Conceptual analysis of improvement areas 1 The CDE template is to be a Folder based structure developed around the states and the transition path for the states (placeholder) for information that would be created and managed during the life cycle of an asset. Respective folders which are simply created with any computer system will represent the states (it can be done manually or automated) work in progress/shared/archive/published. In addition to following what was stipulated by international standard, expansions to include other local requirements is formed in the structure such that the entire folder project is keep organised for information management. (Which includes, querying, auditing, access etc.) Figure 17 shows the concept as prescribed by ISO 19650 while figure 18 shows the concept adjusted to fit to purpose for the case study. Figure 17CDE states for information management functions (ISO 19650). Figure 18 - Proposed concept for generic CDE workflow using Folder based structure. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 40 2 Creating Container Names has to do with naming convention that is usually a mandatory agreement between parties involved in using BIM. In this case the Architectural Practice adopts the UK National Annex to BS EN ISO 19650-2:2018 (figure 19) for the purpose of Information container Identification. All information that shall and would be within an agreed CDE no matter the platform, a careful and well-structured information container is a need to have so that the management aspect of the information is easy and the potential benefit for interoperability is possible and much more. Figure 19 - ISO 19650-2 recommendation for information container naming (according to UK National annex). In the concepts and principles document (part 1) naming convention is to be agreed on from the on-set, just like the annexing document suggested though it is not limited only to what is recommend. It can be expanded to have additional fields as the case maybe depending on a project or organizational requirement. Examples of case scenarios is shown in figure 20 as recommended by UK BIM guidance document. Figure 20 - An example of a range of metadata that can be assigned in a cloud based CDE solution (Uk BIM Framework, 2021). Likewise in MC’s practice it adopts the requirement of the UK National annex with additional information fields of its own as shown in figure 21 below: Figure 21 - An example of expanded range of metadata according to the need of Mc’s Atelier. 3 Verification of information has to do with checking for conforming and non-conforming information container within the CDE states so that regular assurance is ascertained time to time over the course of the project. Consistency of information is key for seamless inter-relationship of information across systems of all parties involved. Sharing and exchanging information depends on good information management structure. Key Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 41 ingredient of that is verification routines assisting in checking that information is managed properly. 4 Realistically depending on involving parties on a project there might be pockets of CDE’s created that need to be interoperable with one another. Building information management in the manner so far recommend by standards and all supporting methodologies makes this process possible one. As shown below in figure 22 the interoperation between two CDE solutions. Interoperability of systems is the lifeline of collaborative work. Figure 22 - Illustration of two different CDE solutions where metadata assignment must transfer (UK BIM Framework, 2021). The Proposal (Figure 23) coined around four steps aims to proffer these solutions for the practice to improve the current way they manage information internally and externally in an inexpensive way. Whereby, information management around the main need to have in a CDE and the containers that are keep within the CDE is properly managed in accordance with good international practice. Making it possible with simple and free to use tools at disposal. The proposal looks at automating the process to a large extent thereby tackling issues of errors and reduction of workplace fatigue generated because of repetitive task. The workplan strategy is captured in Figure 31 below. Figure 23 - Illustration of a workplan that would address the concept of the proposal. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 48 4 Further to that, the Add list button is used to add a complete string of all the information concatenated to generate the ID into the Data list at the bottom of the interface. (For visual check) 5 Thereafter, it is recommended at intervals of 10 number ID generated. The Add to database button is clicked to return into a table within database. 4.5. Tier 3: Automated verification script 4.5.1. Illustrative Structure Description: Figure 27 below contrary to the solution 1 and 2 is an automation for the verification of information. It works basically as a check for conforming and non-conforming information within the folder based-CDE. The check is performed based on the naming structure of each container. The rule is designed to sort out into lists correct and wrong files. The verification of information absolutely confirms that all procedures are done correctly. Figure 27 - Illustration of how information is verified 4.5.2. Graphical Interface User Instruction / Workflow Principle Step by step instruction on how to use the solution is as follows: 1 Launch the GUI as it is a standalone application. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 49 2 Find the path where the folder to be checked is located 3 Activate the check folder items for naming consistency. 4 Click on the button (Run Verification) if everything goes as it should be the list box below with sort-out all files into two groups (showing conforming and non-conforming) 5 Lastly, a generate report button at the button of the interface can be used to export of details of the result. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 50 This page is intentionally left blank Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 51 5. CONCLUSION 5.1. General Conclusion This work revealed that information management using BIM as recommended by ISO-19650 series is key to the advancement of any organisation that adopts it, in this case of study there are positive indicators of improvement of existing information management practices. Although, the notion that large capital investment is required for improved information management using BIM has seen a shift to an alternative approach. Whereby, simple inexpensive solutions can be critically manipulated to achieve or align processes to what much expensive solutions will offer (A glimpse of this possible was found in this study. Making investing capital a less limiting factor). A part way for small and medium organisations to participate in using recommendation of ISO19650 series in an affordable manner for managing information was divulged. The picture was to see that a complete BIM TOOL KIT is achieved, but due to time frame allowed for the work and knowledge of soft computer systems development. The work focus to answer folder based CDE start kit. The Approach was to produce semi-automated 4-layer CDE kit using available resources for information management in a small Architectural practice. Namely, folder based CDE template, container naming creator, scripted verification tool and interoperable mechanism with cloudbase or EDMS common data environments. Three out of four was developed to a significant degree. It improves information management functions in accordance with ISO-19650 recommendation (partially) by automating folder creation (CDE state information placeholder WIP, Shared, Published and Archive states), generating container naming identification strings (for correct and unique labelling of information), and lastly, verification tool that runs a check on all items in the folder for consistency. Furthermore, a database structure was structure to play the role of a registry for safe keep of all information labels with the aim to utilise it for possible interoperability. Worth to mention that the solutions develop has the potential to reduce fatigue generated from manual processes, improve efficiency, reduce errors, and organise information for easier future use. The solutions developed are generic making them possible to be used by other industry players. Finally, it is remarkable how much can be achieved with the readily available open-source resources, considering the fact that two-third of global employment is in small and medium scale organisations. The study opens the potential for this significant category of organisational improvement through information management which has a direct influence on business process by indulging in the use of open available and inexpensive solutions to improve information management which in turn will certainly impact market share (business improvement) positively. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 52 5.2. Recommendations Overall, the studies conducted is a tip of the iceberg as to how much can be achieved through critical investigation for meaningful improvement at the barest cost for establishments with low investment capitals, willing to adopt globally accepted improvement around information management using BIM. However, the outcome of this work has the following recommendations: 1 The simple solutions developed in this study opens potential development for further improvement with the aim of developing a complete BIM TOOL KIT for better information management, developed within Architecture practices and with all recommendations of ISO-19650 1&2 aligning with it. 2 Based on the possibility coming from the study, which shows that information consistency can be achieve through simple and inexpensive solutions. The big issue around interoperability in Architecture, Engineering, and construction (AEC) can be improved. Through further research on the building frame of electronic management systems which could better give and insight as to how better to structure information that would seamless be mapped across different systems. 3 Allied AEC industry professionals that collaborate with Architectural practices can dive into the development of BIM TOOL KIT for better information management and that is cognisance of their unique working processes but at the same time aligns with international standards. Thereby making collaborative operation possible and affordable. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 53 REFERENCES Abukhder, J., & Munns, A. K. (2003). Attributing management problems on construction projects to project information. In Association of Researchers in Construction Management (Vol. 2). Agarwal R., Chandrasekaran S., & Sridhar M. 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Marta Campos Atelier de Arquitectura. (n.d.). About - Marta Campos. Retrieved August 20, 2022, from http://martacampos.pt/en/about/ Mirus, P. (2017). (3) Information Management Basics - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pMl0bHxEck&t=1557s RIBA. (2020). RIBA Plan of Work 2020 Overview RIBA Plan of Work. www.ribaplanofwork.com Saarikko, T., Westergren, U. H., & Blomquist, T. (2020). Digital transformation: Five recommendations for the digitally conscious firm. Business Horizons, 63(6), 825–839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2020.07.005 shillcock, P. (2022). (3) ISO 19650 Overivew: The Who, Why, What, and How of ISO 19650 by Paul Shillcock (Operam) - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-P0X7gXwNg Succar, B. (2010). Building Information Modelling Maturity Matrix. Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 54 Techopedia. (2017). What is an Information Management System (IMS)? - Definition from Techopedia. https://www.techopedia.com/definition/26859/information-managementsystem Turk, Ž. (2020). Interoperability in construction – Mission impossible? Developments in the Built Environment, 4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2020.100018 UK BIM Framework. (2021). ISO 19650 Guidance Part A: The information management function and resources. https://ukbimframeworkguidance.notion.site/ISO-19650Guidance-Part-A-The-information-management-function-and-resourcescf1be61f9d2345e59abe07a4d740e751 Uk BIM Framework. (2021). ISO 19650 Guidance Part C: Facilitating the CDE (workflow and technical solutions). https://ukbimframeworkguidance.notion.site/ISO-19650-GuidancePart-C-Facilitating-the-CDE-workflow-and-technical-solutionsff3bdbcf1c1349c1a98c586943d0a9f1 van de Watt, W. (2022). (3) 1tag part 2 - information Management Workflow [03-P0101-S0] - YouTube. Information Management Workflow. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvGmAwrm0_M Werner, R. (2020). (3) The Father Of Quantitative Easing - Richard Werner | PBD Podcast | Ep. 161 - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDmY1kY4slk&list=PLQrUC37UWfNNU4XtJhMfNzfCTaytD_RV&index=18&t=1722s Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 55 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AEC AECO BIM CDE DBMS DDD EDMS GUI ISO IMS ID MC RIBA TTT WIP Architecture, Engineering and Construction Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operation Building Information Modelling Common data Environment Data-base Management system Digital Transformation, Digitalization, Digitization Electronic Document management system Graphic User Interface International Standard organisation Information management systems Identification Marta Campos Atelier de Arquitectura Royal Institute of British Architects Triple T solutions Work in Progress Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 56 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Code used for solution 1 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 57 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 64 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 65 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 66 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 67 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 68 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 69 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 70 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 71 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 72 Appendix 2: Code used for solution 2 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 73 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 80 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 81 Maturing Information Management in compliance with international standards Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 82