Towards the comprehensive bonus for social housing services

Chapter 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus for Social Housing Services Y. Vidal Diaz, Fco. J. Guevara-Garcia, M. Leon-Muñoz, and I. Guzman Carrizosa Abstract The main objective of the work under study is to find means and tools to achieve the reduction of energy poverty in Spain: creation of a social bonus of services that allows politicians to make decisions for it. This energy bond or “social service bonus” includes energy costs: electricity and gas, telecommunications (Internet), as well as other supplies (water and discharge). The first thing that arises is the reduction of supply costs by optimizing the installation and contracting systems. We start from the data provided from the previous study on energy demand and the corresponding energy improvement and sustainability measures, in a public building of social housing in C / La María, in Seville. This study shows that it is possible to achieve energy self-sufficiency and improved comfort in an efficient and cost-effective way in the short term. Next, the reduction of costs by modifying the contracting systems and the study of the social bonuses offered by the different companies in the different supplies are studied. With the data obtained, it is proposed to create a “social bonus of services” where the total cost of them could be reduced from 80 to 90% of the current payment. Finally, it is proposed that the social bonus of services can have the same treatment as the rent, with a system of subsidy or bonus of the same depending on the family and income parameters of the tenants. Y. V. Diaz Qingdao, Shandong, China Fco. J. Guevara-Garcia (B )·M. Leon-Muñoz ·I. Guzman Carrizosa University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain e-mail: guev[email protected] M. Leon-Muñoz e-mail: [email protected] I. Guzman Carrizosa e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 C. Rubio-Bellido and J. Solis-Guzman (eds.), Energy Poverty Alleviation, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91084-6_5 91 92 Y. V. Diaz et al. Introduction The 2020 Indicators Update report explains and analyzes the evolution in 2019 of energy poverty in Spain compared to previous years through the four indicators proposed by the European Observatory on Energy Poverty (EPOV) and adopted in the ENPE as main indicators to monitor its monitoring in our country [1,2] (Table 5.1). Royal Decree-Law 15/2018, of 5 October, on urgent measures for the energy transition and consumer protection establishes the obligation of the Government to approve a National Strategy against Energy Poverty within 6 months of its entry into force, which prepares and approves this Strategy, whose execution period covers, from 2019 to 2024 [3]. For each of the EPOV indicators: reduce, at least 25% in 2025 seeking to go further and reach 50% its current values. The following table shows the following percentages of the population suffering from the circumstances of energy poverty included in each of the four indicators, and the results of reduction are observed with a decrease of 25% of them (minimum objective) and with a decrease of 50%, indicated in the objective sought. Primary Indicators I. Percentage of population with disproportionate expenditures (2 M): indicator that measures the percentage of the population for which the actual expenditures on domestic energy are twice the average. II. Hidden energy poverty (PEE or HEP): an indicator that measures the percentage of the population for which total domestic energy expenditure is below half the national average. III. Percentage of the population that declares itself unable to maintain housing at anadequatetemperature(indicatoroftheSurvey of LivingConditions—ECV). IV. Percentage of the population that declares delays in the payment of housing bills (ECV indicator). Seville has hosted the launch of the European project POWERTY (renewable energiesfor vulnerable groups),which aims tofacilitatethe useofrenewableenergies forvulnerablegroupsaffectedbyenergypoverty,throughthepromotionofinnovative low-cost solutions. Led by the Andalusian Energy Agency, this European project, Table 5.1 Evolution of the four indicators of energy poverty from 2016 to 2019 in Spain Primary indicator 2016 2017 2018 2019 Disproportionate expenditure 2 M (% households) 16,7 17,3 16,9 16,7 Hidden energy poverty HEP (% households) 11,3 10,7 11,0 10,6 Inadequate temperature in housing in winter (% population) 10,1 8,0 9,1 7,6 Late payment of bills for housing supplies (% population) 7,8 7,4 7,2 6,6 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 93 framed within the Interreg Europe program, has a budget of 1.1 million euros, of which 83.6% are co-financed by the European Commission. The partners specified the different thematic axes on which the project will be structured, highlighting the new innovative renewable energy technologies aimed at vulnerable groups, which include from collective and urban energy systems to new renewableenergyfinancing formulas suitable for vulnerable groups or improvements in the regulatory framework, without obviate encouraging citizen participation of these social groups. To highlight, the intervention of the University of Manchester, which, after a brief presentation of the work of the European Observatory on Energy Poverty, guided on the methodology followed to determine this energy poverty, describing various successful practices that have been developed in other countries of the European Union and that are related to renewable energies and energy poverty. Likewise, the Andalusian Energy Agency detailed the different organizational, management, financing, and communication aspects of the project, in accordance with the rules of the Interreg Europe program. Causes and Measures in Energy Poverty Energy poverty can be defined as that situation suffered by households that cannot afford sufficient energy services to meet their domestic needs and/or are forced to allocate an excessive part of their income to meet the energy expenditure of their homes. From here, the term vulnerable consumer is also extracted, such as that consumer of electrical energy or thermal uses who is in a situation of energy poverty, being able to be a beneficiary of the support measures established by the administrations. Energy is a basic good and energy poverty is a measure of the energy vulnerability of the population, whose causes as well as the measures for its reduction (correction, prevention, and transformation) are in Table 5.2. Some studies refer to other additional elements that have a more or less direct impact on energy poverty, such as – Weather conditions (if they are extreme the energy consumption is higher). – Habitat (rural areas have higher rates of energy poverty due to the characteristics of homes—large, old, and with greater consumption needs—and difficulties in accessing natural gas, which make them have to use other fuels, which are generally more expensive). – The lack of information (not only on measures to improve the energy efficiency of households—subsidies for the purchase of more efficient appliances, aid for the rehabilitation of housing, change of habits …—but the impact that these have on bills) (SIIS Center for Documentation and Studies, 2013) [4,5]. The first factor causing energy poverty is a low level of household income. Whatever definition of energy poverty we use as a starting point, they all refer to the 94 Y. V. Diaz et al. Table 5.2 Causes and measures to reduce energy poverty Main causes Measures to reduce energy poverty • Low household income • Poor state of general socio-economic “health” Urgent-corrective: • Social rates • Direct financial aid • Lack of criteria for managing energy consumption • Bad habits Preventive: Energy saving (bill reduction): • Information to improve our behavior when consuming energy: defend the right to know our consumption data, to be able to buy energy judiciously, and to improve our consumption habits • Limited energy efficiency of homes, facilities, and equipment • Building culture and equipment without energy criteria Preventive: • Energy efficiency (doing the same with less energy) and power generation for self-consumption from renewable sources • Information, improvements in the building, facilities, appliances, equipment, vehicles… • Highenergyprices • Current unsustainable energy model Transformative: Collective initiatives that favor the transition to another more sustainable energy model. For example: • Energy cooperatives (consumption, energy generation) • Development of active local and regional energy policies • Distributed generation for self-sufficiency of communities inability to meet adequate energy expenses on the part of the household, a reality to which those households with low incomes are mainly exposed. Works such as the ACA report in 2012 and 2014 emphasize this reality, highlighting the close relationship between energy poverty and social exclusion or unemployment. However, there may be times when the relationship between energy poverty and general poverty was not biunivocal. There could be false positives in both directions, namely, households that, although they have an insufficient income, were not energy poor, and households that, despite enjoying an income situation that allowed them a comfortable life, were in a situation of energy poverty. The first case would correspond to households whose energy expenditure is very small in relation to the rest of the expenses. To put it another way, they would be households in which the energy component is not relevant for the purposes of placing them in a situation of poverty. The second case would affect households capable of meeting all basic expenses except energy. In general, this case corresponds not so much to causes associated with the level of income as to the following two causes described. In the period 2007–2012, according to data from the INE, the average annual income of households in Spain barely grew by 1%, and, what is more worrying, the Gini coefficient, which measures inequality in the distribution of income, suffered an 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 95 Fig. 5.1 Evolution income/expenses 2006–2016 increase of 13%. That is, the data confirm that the economic crisis has contributed to exacerbating the differences between the highest and lowest incomes in our country. Given that energy poverty greatly affects the latter, this is a clear indicator that the problem has increased in recent years [6] (Fig. 5.1). Everything changed from March 2020, with the pandemic and, although experts agree that energy poverty has escalated due to the effect of COVID-19, it is too early to know to what degree. Even so, we find some indirect indicators: since April 2020, applications for the electricity social bond have grown at a rate of more than 200 requests per day. This has caused that in August of last year exceeded 1.3 million beneficiaries, according to the National Commission of Markets and Competition (CNMC). “The confinement first, and the situations of unemployment or ERTE, teleworking or the cessations of activity that have been associated with the crisis later, have forced thousands of people to stay many more hours in their homes and, as a consequence, to consume more energy,” argues José Luis López, Director of the Association of Environmental Sciences (ACA), pioneer entity in the study of this problem. Also a report prepared by the General Council of Technical Architecture of Spain andMutualOwnersduringtheconfinementstatesthat8%of Spanish homes wouldbe cold this past winter in their homes and 35% would not reach a comfort temperature [7,8]. Energy efficiency Once again, if we review the proposals for the definition of energy poverty presented to date, in all of them we find the reference to the inability of households to pay for adequate energy services, the most important element being the ability to maintain a sufficiently warm temperature in the home in winter. A thermally inefficient home needs a greater amount of energy to reach that temperature, which has a direct influence on its energy bill or, more specifically, on the difficulty of facing it. 96 Y. V. Diaz et al. Hence, any action to improve the energy efficiency of a home, to the extent that it reduces its demand and energy consumption, contributes to alleviate the problem of energy poverty of the same if it has it, or in any case reduces its vulnerability to suffer it. The objective of energy efficiency is one of the pillars in the European energystrategyto 2020 and2030. Within it, the issue of housing rehabilitation plays a key role that has its legal expression in Directive 2012/27/EU transposed by Spanish legislation in Law 8/2013 on urban rehabilitation, regeneration, and renewal. Impact of the cost of energy on the family budget That the cost of energy has an influence on the problem of energy poverty is obvious, but it is necessary to be very cautious when analyzing this relationship. First of all, it should be noted that the cost of energy in the main house accounted for an average of 6.67% of the family budget in Spain in 2013. This can be compared with the expenditure groups present in the Family Budget Survey (EPF). Secondly, it is also important to point out that the only way to walk towards a path of greater efficiency in which the right signals are sent to agents is for the price of energy to collect all its costs, internal and external, and exclude those that do not correspond to it. Therefore, we should not speak of high or low prices, but of prices that correctly collect the total costs associated with the production and consumption of energy or not. That said, it is clear that, for various reasons (the description of which is beyond the scope of this report), the energy cost for Spanish households has increased significantly in recent years (especially since 2007). According to Eurostat data, the price of the electricity bill of an average household in Spain increased by 76% in the period 2007–2014, partly due to the incorporation of costs associated with social and environmental policies. In the same way, the natural gas bill in an average Spanish household also increased by 35% in the same period. These increases obviously contribute to a greater impact of these costs on family budgets, and therefore on their contribution to situations of energy poverty [9]. Measures to reduce energy costs at home A household that has difficulty coping with adequate energy costs has three options. (a) The first option is to reduce your energy bill. If this reduction does not imply keeping the home outside the range of temperatures recommended by the WHO, then that household itself would not be in a situation of energy poverty. Now,if this reduction in consumption exceedsthe minimum comfort threshold, we can speak of a home in a situation of energy poverty, and therefore exposed to its consequences. (b) The second option for the home is to stop paying their energy bills, which in most cases leads to a power outage, the most serious case being when this cut is in winter. (c) The third option, which only applies to those households that can afford it, is to increase the percentage of income that goes to energy, which entails other types of indirect consequences that are more difficult to quantify, but no less real. 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 97 Consequences of Energy Poverty Some of the consequences of energy poverty must be treated in an approximate and qualitative way, since there are no reliable empirical studies that allow them to be reasonably quantified. It is difficult to separate the consequences of energy poverty from those arising from general poverty. Health impact Themostserious consequencesareassociatedwithexposuretocoldtemperaturesand theirconsequencescan be severe,especiallyinchildrenand theelderly.Following the 1987 WHO report, the effects that exposures to certain excessively low temperature ranges in the home can cause are •Below 16 °C: respiratory problems. •Below 12 °C: circulatory problems. •Below 5 °C–6 °C: risk of hypothermia. •Mortality in winter. Some of the health impacts described above can be aggravated to cause premature death of people. In Spain, this fact has been highlighted in the ACA reports of 2012 and 2014. That the number of deaths from disease increases in winter is an empirical finding, and the indicator that collects this phenomenon is the Winter Additional Mortality Rate (TMAI). The problem is to relate this TMAI with the degree of incidence of energy poverty, something for which there are no reliable studies. The ACA, in its 2014 report, assigned a range of between 10 and 40% of the TMAI to energy poverty, which yielded average figures for the period 1996–2012 of between 2,400 and 9,600 deaths per year. Finally, they set the percentage of the TMAI directly attributable to energy poverty at 30%, as suggested by the WHO report for the European region in 2011, which meant attributing to energy poverty a figure of additional deaths in winter in Spain of 7,200 people each year. In any case, it must be remembered that this attribution of 30% is nothing more than an approximation without basis in the empirical evidence for Spain. Social impact A more diffuse effect of energy poverty than that related to health is social impact. This is a two-faceted problem. For adults, energy poverty often adds to an existing problem of social exclusion. The social agents note cases of households in which their inability to meet the energy bill leads them to keep the temperature of the house below the minimum of comfort. This means that some of them, especially those inhabited by families that exceed the poverty line for the first time, restrict their relationships and social activities for fear that their precariousness will be exposed. For young people and adolescents, it also means barriers to proper development, especially in the field of education. Poor energy conditions in the home have a negative impact on the performance of the students who inhabit it. 98 Y. V. Diaz et al. Economic impact All the consequences described above are limited to the personal sphere, either directly in health issues for those affected, or indirectly in other social considerations related to the well-being or integration of people. However, this impact on household members also has a social translation that can be reflected in monetary terms. •Health system, which has to face the treatment of all the ailments linked to energy poverty exposed in the previous points. •Reduction in productivity, mainly due to the sick leave that diseases linked to energy poverty entail. The chapter on premature deaths due to energy poverty deserves special mention, since they also entail economic costs. There are several methods proposed for the calculation of economic costs that do not have to date a concretion for the case of Spain. Although this report does not address it, as also highlighted in the 2012 ACA report, an estimate of the aggregate costsincurredby societydueto energypoverty, orseen fromtheopposite perspective, an analysis of the aggregate social benefits that adequate energy poverty alleviation policies would generate, it would be very useful to correctly assess the importance of the problem and guide its possible solutions. This analysis should also include an attribution of the above costs or benefits to the various components of general poverty, which makes it even more complex. Energy poverty, as poverty, is not only a social or economic dysfunction, but it is also primarily an ethical problem that threatens the dignity of every human being who suffers from it, the same dignity that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights seeks to protect. If we use Sen’s capabilities approach, energy poverty, generally as one more element of general poverty, curtails the ability of household members to develop personally and collectively in the society in which they live. We are therefore faced with a question of justice, and not merely with a socio-political or socio-economic problem. The measures proposed in this Strategy for People in Energy Poverty will seek to prevent the worsening of health as a result of the lack of correct access to energy sources. This is evidenced by the Bulletin on Social Vulnerability nº17 of the Spanish Red Cross, in a study carried out on its population served. The Environment of Social Housing Housing has been a fundamental right universally recognized for more than a quarter of a century. It is a permanent and safe place that every person deserves, where they can gather with their family, recover physically and emotionally from daily work, and leave daily rehabilitated to earn the support of their own and themselves. It is a family refuge where you get understanding, energy, encouragement, optimism to 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 99 live, and give yourself positively to the society to which you belong. It is a small portion of territory where exclusivity of use is recognized [9]. Society must make a commitment to ensure that every citizen has access to at least onesite with climate protection and hygiene. Ithas beenthe objectof agrowingsocial and institutional concern in our country, manifested with a profuse legislation and a very varied housing experience. Now, the concept of social housing that includes all the values indicated above refers to the most dispossessed sectors of the population and with the most precarious socio-economic situation. This last quality affects and compromises the deepest levels of feeling and consciousness, encouraging society to give a comprehensive and definitive response and solution, trying to overcome all obstacles arising from services and human errors. Environmental conditioning of the space Itisnotcustomary,forreasonsofscarcityofresources,forthesocialhousingprogram to pronounce itself in a precise and quantified way on the environmental quality of the spaces. Moreover, there is a generalized characteristic in which any housing design dispenses with studies of quantifiable conditioning of its different environments. We would say that the normal thing is that the solution is solved conceptually and intuitively. In this sense, the housing design has not been technified and there are no standards on the amount of light, ventilation, temperature, acoustics, humidity, etc. that must be met in each of the different activities that are carried out inside the social housing. The quality of life in social housing Social housing is not an object, but a system and process that must meet certain minimum requirements to ensure adequate comfort to the activities that users must perform inside. But in addition to this, this user must really satisfy his own desires and aspirations, as well as feel the right to exercise his property; he must participate in the stages of the process that define the character of his home and not be restricted only to the financing and construction of it. The user must understand their home and shape it as their familygroup transforms and evolves; he must be the main protagonist of this process and the first to feel, appreciate, and qualify this quality of life that housing provides. That is why in the gestation of social housing we must have the presence of the inhabitant; we must know him and also commit him to the origin and destiny of it, because only he will know authentically the right or right about the quality of life that is conformed to him by defining him and providing him with social housing. On the other hand, when the State opts for a progressive housing line of action, it is understood that it is committed to monitoring the process, providing professional advice and material help to the inhabitant, until he finishes his housing, constituting not only an authority that provides subsidy, but also promotes, stimulates, and also controls the process as a non-permanent phenomenon, in order to optimize the 106 Y. V. Diaz et al. There are two types of bonuses according to the money that people over 16 years of age who live in the same house earn. 50% BONUS For houses where all people over 16 years of age earn less than e790.86 or 1.2 of the IPREM. 100% BONUS For houses where the cohabitants earn less than the Minimum Income for Social Insertion or are at risk of social exclusion according to the social services of the City Council. These discounts also apply to fixed fees for supply and sanitation services and contracting and reconnection fees. The rate discount does not cover other services included in the invoice. For example, provincial and regional royalties or taxes or the improvement of infrastructures. Social gas bonus In Spain, the Social Gas Bond is still under development, as aid for vulnerable consumers. Social telecommunications bond Currently, there is only the Social Telephony Subscription, which is an economic benefit included within the Universal Telecommunications Service and who aims to helpretireesandpensioners,citizenswithlow incomes or at risk of socialexclusion— provided they meet some requirements—when hiring a fixed telephone line. But there is a commitment from the president of the Spanish government to create the Social Internet Access Bonus, a program to ensure Internet access for groups at risk of social exclusion, rural areas and assimilated, pensioners, and people with low incomes. With this, it seeks to guarantee medium high-speed Internet connections, more than 30 Mbps, to combat the digital divide. So far the details of this bond are not known, it is foreseeable that it will be part of the Universal Telecommunications Service. The financing of the Internet bond is about to be defined, three options are proposed: – Public financing through the General State Budget. – Finance the bond through telecommunications operators. – Do it through a mixed public–private system. Methodology First of all, we want to emphasize that this study will not be limited to the so-called “energy poverty,” which would supposedly include only electricity, gas, and /or other 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 107 alternative energy supplies, but we include water and discharge supplies, as well as broadband data. In that sense, we will refer to the Services including: •Energy services: electricity, gas, and others. •Hydraulic services: water supply and discharge. •Telecommunications services: broadband communication. Regarding the study methodology, the following steps will be followed: •Reduction of energy cost. Energy efficiency. •Optimization of contracts. Rates. •Change of contracting systems. Collective bargaining. •Creation of the social bonus of supplies. Management. Reduction of Energy Cost The proposal of the energy study of the PFG of Mr. Eduardo Fernández Gaspar consists of the adoption of the following MAE Energy Saving Measure: •Use of air conditioning by heat pump type “Super digital Inverter 3-Phase.“ •Use of enthalpy recuperators for the ventilation of homes. •Use of solar thermal panels for the production of DHW and heating aid. This achieves a global indicator of 17.38 kWh/m2year, which means an economic saving of 83.70% of electricity consumption. With this proposal the total annual consumption of the building is of 8.687,59 kWh/year that can be generated and self-consumed with PV boards. Optimization of Contracts In this section, the optimization of contracting is studied, studying the different rates available to the different companies in the market. This system can basically be applied to electricity, gas, and telecommunications services. In Spain, it does not apply to water supply and discharge services since it is a regulated market directly managed by the municipalities or given in concession to a single company. Proposal for Improvement in Electrical Energy This improvement proposal consists of using different hourly rates of different electricity companies, which, in this case, are Endesa and ODF Energy, and applying them to the consumption data and different proposed improvements provided in the PFG of Eduardo Fernández Gaspar. 108 Y. V. Diaz et al. The considerations to be taken into account in the calculation of the annexed tables, for any improvement in electrical energy, are summarized as follows: •16 homes +1 by common areas would be a total of 17 to be counted. •Annual consumption KWh/year: 139,256.91 kWh. This data is taken from the Final Degree Project of Eduardo Fernández Gaspar. •For the calculation of the invoice, a fixed amount is contemplated that depends on the contracted power and a variable amount for energy consumed, to which are added other taxes such as: electricity tax, meter rental, and VAT 21%. •Rate with hourly discrimination in two periods, night and day, before June 1 were the following: – Price rush hour: 0.1490 e/kWh. – Price of the valley hour: 0.0703 e/kWh. – Power: 0.1152 e/kW day. – Permanence: No permanence. – Rate type: 2 prices. – Access fee: 2.0DHA. •As of June 1, RD 244/2019, of April 5, is applied with an increase in the price of the contracted power and the energy consumed, establishing a single hourly discrimination rate. This is called One Luz 3 periods, in which there are two ways to contract the power and three time slots a day, except holidays and weekends (Tables 5.4 and 5.5). •Splar Tempo Rate Self-consumption It is a tariff designed for the self-consumption of energy from a photovoltaic solar installation. This rate benefits from a cheaper price in the Tempo Hours when the installation is not generating its own energy and needs to resort to the electricity grid. Summer timetable: •Tempo Hours: from 18.00 to 9.00 h. (15 h). Table 5.4 Schedule prices per contracted power. Endesa Power (up to 15 KW) e/KW month Peak hour 2.815472 Valley time 0.378113 Table 5.5 Schedule prices electricity consumption. Endesa Energy term e/KWh Timetable Peak hour 0.252870 10:00–14:00 and 18:00–22:00 h Flat time 0,12,657 8:00–10:00 and 22:00–00:00 h Valley time 0,074,384 00:00–8:00 h 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 109 Table 5.6 Prices contracted power and electricity consumption self-consumption Access fee T. power e/kW month T. energy e/kW Cte. imported (energy purchased) T. energy e/kWh Other taxes T. energy e/kWh Cte. Exported (energy sold) 2.0 DHA 3,984,651 0,05 0,070,185 0,05 2.1 DHA 4,18,225 0,05 0,067,755 0,05 Table 5.7 Change rates 1/June/2021. ODF energy •Rest of hours: from 9.01 to 17.59 h. (9 h). Winter timetable: •Tempo hours: from 17.00 to 10.00 h. (17 h). •Rest of hours: from 10.01 to 16.59 h. (7 h). In the hours of optimal solar incidence, there will be self-consumption and the energy of the plate itself will be consumed. On the other hand, in the hours of the day in which there is no sunlight, the so-called tempo hours will be taken from the network, whose prices stipulated in this rate are the following, as of June 1, 2021 (Tables 5.6 and 5.7). •Another alternative is the change to the ODF supplier, whose rate is summarized below. Comparative Study with Individual Hiring for Housing Endesa Company (a) In the first place, the building is considered with a contracted power per house, of 4.4 KW, which, in the conditions of construction of the building, as reflected 110 Y. V. Diaz et al. in the tables, each household would pay an average of e104.40/month, and currently with the change of rate amounts to e137.31, a very high cost in the case of social housing. (b) Then, taking into account the same considerations above, but applying the energy improvements in the building as studied in Eduardo Fernández Gaspar’s PFG, each one independent according to what is reflected in tables, would have a lower electricity cost than in the previous section, which depending on the effectiveness of the improvement itself ranges between e53.48 and e102.07 per month, although now it would go from e64.77 to e134.03 e. (c) If all the improvements in the building are executed together, in tables it appears that the energy consumption costs fall considerably to the amount of e32.70/month, but with the change of rates according to RD 244/2019 they amount to e35.16. (d) Taking the option of using renewable energy with photovoltaic panels, it represents a total of 13 plates of 0.410 KW, which add up to a total of 5.2Kwp for self-production of 8,687.59 kWh/year, and considering 1/3 as surplus energy that is sold to the company Endesa at e0.05/KWh and the necessary during the hours that there is no sun, it is also purchased at e0.05/KWh plus the rest of the taxes of 7.0185%. In this case, the energy compensation has been made with the company and as reflected in tables, the amount of monthly electricity only reaches e20.50/housing, although currently it would reach the amount of e21.72/monthly housing. (e) As a last study, the approach is made that, in the case of not executing the improvements in the building, the number of plates necessary to supply the energy demand would be 205 plates (Table 5.8). The following table shows the comparison between the application of different measures (Table 5.9,5.10,5.11 and 5.12). Table 5.8 Cost installation of photovoltaic panels Description e/unit Unit Amount (e) Photovoltaic panels 166 205.00 34.030,00 Plate installation 600 205,00 123.000,00 157.030,00 Table 5.9 Comparative cost installation photovoltaic panels with or without joint improvements Description Amount (e) Joint measures +photovoltaic panels 112.461,96 Only photovoltaic panels 157.030,00 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 111 Table 5.10 Comparative cost of electricity consumption before June 1, 2021. Endesa Endesa: Night and day rate (before June 1st) Fixed annual amount Amount per energy consumption Consumption current building status N. houses Contracted power (KW)/ housing Price e/KW day Day/Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWh/Year Price e/KW rush hour Price e/KW valley hour Annual amount peak hours Annual amount hours valley Annual amount per energy consumed 17 4,4 0,1152 365 3.145,19 139.256,91 0,149 0,0703 8.645,53 5.710,69 14.356,23 Consumption with facility improvements N°. houses Contracted power (KW) Price e/ KW day Day/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWH/ Year Price e/ KW rush hour Pricee/ KW valley hour Annual amount peak hours Annual amount hours valley Annual amount per energy consumed Solar control sheets 17 4,4 0,1152 365 3.145,19 108.869,55 0,149 0,0703 6.758,98 4.464,56 11.223,54 Air conditioning installation 82.438,94 5.118,08 3.380,68 8.498,77 Inst. entálpico retriever 100.890,74 6.263,63 4.137,36 10.400,99 Inst. air conditioning +recuperator 70.359,74 4.368,17 2.885,34 7.253,50 Susti. PVC aluminium windows 135.574,39 8.416,91 5.559,68 13.976,59 Solar panels 100% ACS 105.448,20 6.546,58 4.324,25 10.870,83 Solar panels for heating 56.504,56 3.507,99 2.317,16 5.825,15 Joint 22.695,85 1.409,03 930,72 2.339,75 Consumption with non-renewable energy + improvementS Nº. housing Contracted power (KW)/ housing Price e/ KW day Days/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWh/ Year Energy sold/ bought Price e/ KWh Price e/ KW valley hour Annual amount to be compensated Annual amount per energy (continued) 112 Y. V. Diaz et al. Table 5.10 (continued) Endesa: Night and day rate (before June 1st) Fixed annual amount Amount per energy consumption Inst. photovoltaic panels 5.2 KWp (energy produced andsoldtoEndesa) 17 4,4 0,1152 365 3.145,19 8.687,59 2.895,86 0,05212 150,93 284,24 Buyenergyfrom Endesa(1/3) 0,150275 435,18 Consumption with non-renewable energy without improvements Nº. housing Contracted power (KW)/ housing Price e/ KW day Days/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWh/ Year Energy sold/ bought Price e/ KWh Price e/ KW valley hour Annual amount to be compensated Annual amount per energy Inst. photovoltaic panels 84 KWp (energy produced andsoldtoEndesa) 17 4,4 0,1152 365 3.145,19 139.256,91 46.418,97 0,05212 2.419,36 4.556,25 Buyenergyfrom Endesa(1/3) 0,150275 6.975,61 Endesa: Night and day rate (before June 1st) Invoice break down Consumption current building status Sub-total annual invoice Annual electricity tax Price rental counter/ day Annual rental contador Annual total VAT 21% Total annual invoice amount Total annual amount/ housing Total monthly amount/ housing Social bonus 25% Social bonus 75% 17.501,42 89,48 0,0265630 9,70 17.600,59 3.696,12 21.296,72 1.252,75 104,40 78,30 62,64 Consumption with facility improvements Sub-total annual invoice Annual electricity tax Price rental counter/ day Annual rental contador Annual total VAT 21% Total annual invoice amount Total annual amount/ housing Total monthly amount/ housing Social bonus DCTO. 25% Social bonus DCTO. 40% Solar control sheets 14.368,73 73,46 0,0265630 9,70 14.451,89 3.034,90 17.486,79 1.028,63 85,72 64,29 51,43 Air conditioning installation 11.643,96 59,53 11.703,49 2.457,73 14.161,22 833,01 69,42 52,06 41,65 Inst. entálpico retriever 13.546,18 69,26 13.615,44 2.859,24 16.474,69 969,10 80,76 60,57 48,45 (continued) 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 113 Table 5.10 (continued) Endesa: Night and day rate (before June 1st) Invoice break down Inst. airconditioning +recuperator 10.398,69 53,17 10.451,86 2.194,89 12.646,75 743,93 61,99 46,50 37,20 Susti. PVC aluminium windows 17.121,78 87,54 17.209,32 3.613,96 20.823,28 1.224,90 102,07 76,56 61,24 Solar panels 100% ACS 14.016,02 71,66 14.087,68 2.958,41 17.046,09 1.002,71 83,56 62,67 50,14 Solar panels for heating 8.970,34 45,86 9.016,20 1.893,40 10.909,60 641,74 53,48 40,11 32,09 Joint 5.484,94 28,04 5.512,99 1.157,73 6.670,71 392,39 32,70 24,52 19,62 Consumption with nonrenewable energy + improvements Sub-total annual invoice Annual electricity tax Price rental counter/ day Annual rental contador Annual total VAT 21% Total annual invoice amount Total annual amount/ housing Total monthly amount/ housing Social bonus DCTO. 25% Social bonus DCTO. 40% Inst. photovoltaic panels 5.2 KWp (energy produced andsoldtoEndesa) 3.429,43 17,53 0,0265630 9,70 3.456,66 725,90 4.182,56 246,03 20,50 15,38 12,30 Buyenergyfrom Endesa (1/3) Consumption with nonrenewable energy without improvements Sub-total annual invoice Annual electricity tax Price rental counter/ day Annual rental contador Annual total VAT 21% Total annual invoice amount Total annual amount/ housing Total monthly amount/ housing Social bonus DCTO. 25% Social bonus DCTO. 40% Inst. photovoltaic panels 84 KWp (energy produced andsoldtoEndesa) 7.701,44 39,38 0,0265630 9,70 7.750,52 1.627,61 9.378,12 551,65 45,97 34,48 20,69 Buyenergyfrom Endesa(1/3) 114 Y. V. Diaz et al. Table 5.11 Comparative cost of electricity consumption as of June 1, 2021. Endesa Endesa: One electricity rate (from June 1st) Fixed annual amount Amount per energy consumption Consumption current building status N. houses Contracted power (KW)/ housing Price H. tip e/ KW day Price H. valle e/ KW day Day/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWh/ Year Price e/ KW rush hour Price e/ KW flat hour Price e/ KW valley hour Annual amount peak hours Annual amount flat hours Annual amount hours valley 17 4,4 0,093849 0,0126 365 2.562,27 139.256,91 0,25287 0,12657 0,074384 11.737,96 4.406,44 4.316,04 Consumption with facility improvements N°. houses Contracted power (KW) Price H. tip e/ KW day Price H. valle e/ KW day Day/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWh/ Year Price e/ KW rush hour Price e/ KW flat hour Price e/ KW valley hour Annual amount peak hours Annual amount flat hours Annual amount hours valley Solar control sheets 17 4,4 0,093849 0,0126 365 2.562,27 108.869,55 0,25287 0,127 0,074384 9.176,61 3.444,90 3.374,23 Air conditioning installation 82.438,94 6.948,78 2.608,57 2.555,06 Inst. entálpico retriever 100.890,74 8.504,08 3.192,44 3.126,94 Inst. airconditioning +recuperator 70.359,74 5.930,62 2.226,36 2.180,68 Susti. PVC aluminium windows 135.574,39 11.427,57 4.289,91 4.201,90 Solar panels 100% ACS 105.448,20 8.888,23 3.336,64 3.268,19 Solar panels for heating 56.504,56 4.762,77 1.787,95 1.751,26 Joint 22.695,85 1.913,03 718,15 703,42 (continued) 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 115 Table 5.11 (continued) Endesa: One electricity rate (from June 1st) Fixed annual amount Amount per energy consumption Endesa: Tempo self-consumption rate Consumption with non-renewable energy + improvements Nº. housing COntracted power(KW)/ housing Price e/ KW day Price H. valle e/ KW day Days/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWh/Year Energy sold/ bought Price e/ KW tempo hour Price e/ KW valley hour Annual amount to be compensated Inst. photovoltaic panels 5.2 KWp (energy produced and sold to Endesa) 17 4,4 0,1328217 365 3.626,30 8.687,59 2.895,86 0,05 144,79 Buy energy from Endesa (1/3) 2.895,86 0,05 −144,79 Consumptionwithnonrenewable energy without improvementS Nº housing Contracted power (KW)/ housing Price e/ KW day Days/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWh/Year Energy sold/ bought Price e/ KW tempo hour Price e/ KW valley hour Annual amount to be compensated Inst. photovoltaic panels 84KWp(energy produced and sold to Endesa) 17 4,4 0,1328217 365 3.626,30 139.256,91 46.418,97 0,05 2.320,95 Buy energy from Endesa (1/3) 0,05 −2.320,95 (continued) 122 Y. V. Diaz et al. Comparative Study with Collective Bargaining The collective contract consists of the installation of a single meter in the building, considering that each house would be contracted with an average power of 2.2, since the peak consumption does not occur simultaneously, with which the total maximum power contracted would be 37.4 KW. This contract would be easily adjustable in reality by checking a posteriori the measurement of the maximeters. The same alternatives are proposed as in the previous point: Endesa Company (a) In the first place, the building is considered in the current conditions without any improvement of installation, as reflected in the tables, each household would pay an average of e95.02/month, and currently with the change of rate amounts to e129.67, very high cost for the case of social housing. (b) Then, taking into account the same considerations above, but applying the energy improvements in the building as studied in PFG by Eduardo Fernández Gaspar, each one independent according to what is reflected in tables, would have a lower cost of electrical energy than in the previous section, which, depending on the effectiveness of the best, as reflected in attached tables, it ranges between e44.10 and e92.70/month, although with the current rate it would go from e57.13 to e103.06. (c) If all the improvements in the building are executed together, in tables it appears that the energy consumption costs fall considerably to the amount of e23.32/month, but with the change of rates according to RD 244/2019 they amount to e27.52. (d) Taking the option of using renewable energy with photovoltaic panels, it represents a total of 13 plates of 0.410 KW, which add up to a total of 5.2 Kwp for self-production of 8,687.59 kWh/year, and considering 1/3 as surplus energy that is sold to the company Endesa at e0.05/KWh and the necessary during the hours that there is no sun, it is also purchased at e0.05/KWh plus the rest of the taxes of 7.0185%. In this case, the energy compensation has been made with the company and as reflected in tables, the amount of monthly electricity only reaches e0.89/housing, although currently it would reach the amount of e11.13/monthly housing. (e) As a last study, the approach in the case of not executing the improvements in the building, the number of plates necessary to supply the energy demand would also be 205 plates (Tables 5.13,5.14 and 5.15). Best Proposal for Energy Improvement Once the comparative study has been carried out in terms of the contracted power and the consumption of electrical energy, both at the level of individual and collective contracting, with the company Endesa, and obtained the aforementioned results, a better proposal is investigated with the marketing company ODF ENERGÍA. 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 123 Table 5.13 Comparison of electricity consumption costs before June 1st, 2021. Endesa Night and day rate (before June 1st) Fixed annual amount Amount per energy consumption Consumption current building status Nº houses Contracted power(KW)/ housing Price e/ KW day Day/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWH/Year Price e/ KW rush hour Price e/ KW valley hour Annual amount peak hours Annual amount hours valley Annual amount per energy consumed 17 37,4 0,1152 365 1.572,60 139.256,91 0,149 0,0703 8.645,53 5.710,69 14.356,23 Nº houses Contracted power (KW)/ housing Price e/ KW day Day/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWH/ Year Price e/ KW rush hour Price e/ KW valley hour Annual amount peak hours Annual amount hours valley Annual amount per energy consumed Solar control sheets 17 37,4 0,1152 365 1.572,60 108.869,55 0,149 0,0703 6.758,98 4.464,56 11.223,54 Air conditioning installation 82.438,94 5.118,08 3.380,68 8.498,77 Inst. entálpico retriever 100.890,74 6.263,63 4.137,36 10.400,99 Inst. airconditioning +recuperator 70.359,74 4.368,17 2.885,34 7.253,50 Susti. PVC aluminium windows 135.574,39 8.416,91 5.559,68 13.976,59 Solar panels 100% ACS 105.448,20 6.546,58 4.324,25 10.870,83 Solar panels for heating 56.504,56 3.507,99 2.317,16 5.825,15 (continued) 124 Y. V. Diaz et al. Table 5.13 (continued) Night and day rate (before June 1st) Fixed annual amount Amount per energy consumption Joint 22.695,85 1.409,03 930,72 2.339,75 Nº housing Contracted power (KW)/ housing Price e/ KW day Days/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWH/ Year Energy sold/ bought Price e/ KWh Price e/ KW valley hour Annual amount to be compensated Annual amount per energy Inst. photovoltaic panels 5.2 KWp (energy produced andsoldtoEndesa) 17 37,4 0,1152 365 1.572,60 8.687,59 2.895,86 0,05212 150,93 284,24 Buyenergyfrom Endesa (1/3) 0,150275 435,18 Nº housing Contracted power (KW)/housing Price e/ KW day Days/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWH/Year Energy sold/ bought Price e/ KWh Price e/ KW valley hour Annual amount to be compensated Annual amount per energy Inst. photovoltaic panels 84 KWp (energy produced andsoldtoEndesa) 17 37,4 0,1152 365 1.572,60 139.256,91 46.418,97 0,05212 2.419,36 4.556,25 Buyenergyfrom Endesa (1/3) 0,150275 6.975,61 (continued) 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 125 Table 5.13 (continued) Night and day rate (before June 1st) Invoice break down Consumption current building status Sub-total annual invoice Annual electricity tax Price rental counter/ day Annual rental contador Annual total VAT 21% Total annual invoice amount Total annual amount/ housing Total monthly amount/ housing Social bonus DCTO. 40% Bono social DCTO. 40% 15.928,82 81,44 0,0265630 9,70 16.019,96 3.364,19 19.384,15 1.140,24 95,02 57,01 57,01 Sub-total annual invoice Annual electricity tax Price rental counter/ day Annual rental contador Annual total VAT 21% Total annual invoice amount Total annual amount/ housing Total monthly amount/ housing Social bonus DCTO. 40% Bono social DCTO. 40% Solar control sheets 12.796,14 65,42 0,0265630 9,70 12.871,26 2.702,96 15.574,22 916,13 76,34 45,81 45,80 Air conditioning installation 10.071,36 51,49 10.122,85 2.125,80 12.248,65 720,51 60,04 36,03 36,02 Inst. entálpico retriever 11.973,59 61,22 12.034,81 2.527,31 14.562,12 856,60 71,38 42,83 42,83 Inst. airconditioning +recuperator 8.826,10 45,13 8.871,22 1.862,96 10.734,18 631,42 52,62 31,57 31,57 Susti. PVC aluminium windows 15.549,19 79,50 15.628,68 3.282,02 18.910,71 1.112,39 92,70 55,62 55,62 Solar panels 100% ACS 12.443,43 63,62 12.507,05 2.626,48 15.133,52 890,21 74,18 44,51 44,51 Solar panels for heating 7.397,74 37,82 7.435,57 1.561,47 8.997,04 529,24 44,10 26,46 26,46 (continued) 126 Y. V. Diaz et al. Table 5.13 (continued) Night and day rate (before June 1st) Invoice break down Joint 3.912,35 20,00 3.932,35 825,79 4.758,14 279,89 23,32 13,99 13,99 Sub-total annual invoice Annual electricity tax Price rental counter/ day Annual rental contador Annual total VAT 21% Total annual invoice amount Total annual amount/ housing Total monthly amount/ housing Social bonus DCTO. 40% Bono social DCTO. 40% Inst. photovoltaic panels 5.2 KWp (energy produced andsoldtoEndesa) 1.856,84 9,49 0,0265630 9,70 1.876,03 393,97 2.269,99 133,53 11,13 6,68 6,68 Buyenergyfrom Endesa (1/3) Sub-total annual invoice Annual electricity tax Price rental counter/ day Annual rental contador Annual total VAT 21% Total annual invoice amount Total annual amount/ housing Total monthly amount/ housing Social bonus DCTO. 40% Bono social DCTO. 40% Inst. photovoltaic panels 84 KWp (energy produced andsoldtoEndesa) 6.128,85 31,33 0,0265630 9,70 6.169,88 1.295,67 7.465,55 439,15 36,60 21,96 21,96 Buyenergyfrom Endesa (1/3) 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 127 Table 5.14 Comparison of electricity consumption costs as of June 1st, 2021. Endesa Endesa: One LUZ rate (from June 1st) Fixed annual amount Amount per energy consumption Consumption current building status Nº. houses Contracted power (KW) Price H. tip e/ KW day Price H. valle e/ KW day Day/ Year Fixed annual amount(e) Annual consumption kwh/ Year Price e/ KW rush hour Price e/ KW flat hour Price e/ KW valley hour Annual amount peak hours Annual amount flat hours Annual amount hours valley Annual amount per energy consumed 17 37,4 0,093849 0,0126 365 1.281,13 139.256,91 0,25287 0,12657 0,074384 11.737,96 4.406,44 4.316,04 20.460,44 Consumption with facility improvements Nº. houses Contracted power (KW) Price H. tip e/ KW day Price H. valle e/ KW day Day/ Year Fixed annual amount(e) Annual consumption kwh/ Year Price e/ KW rush hour Price e/ KW flat hour Price e/ KW valley hour Annual amount peak hours Annual amount flat hours Annual amount hours valley Annual amount per energy consumed Solar control sheets 17 37,4 0,093849 0,0126 365 1.281,13 108.869,55 0,25287 0,127 0,074384 9.176,61 3.444,90 3.374,23 15.995,75 Air conditioning installation 82.438,94 6.948,78 2.608,57 2.555,06 12.112,41 Inst. entálpico retriever 100.890,74 8.504,08 3.192,44 3.126,94 14.823,46 Inst. air conditioning +recuperator 70.359,74 5.930,62 2.226,36 2.180,68 10.337,66 Susti. PVC aluminium windows 135.574,39 11.427,57 4.289,91 4.201,90 19.919,38 Solar panels 100% ACS 105.448,20 8.888,23 3.336,64 3.268,19 15.493,06 (continued) 128 Y. V. Diaz et al. Table 5.14 (continued) Endesa: One LUZ rate (from June 1st) Fixed annual amount Amount per energy consumption Solar panels for heating 56.504,56 4.762,77 1.787,95 1.751,26 8.301,98 Joint 22.695,85 1.913,03 718,15 703,42 3.334,61 Consumption with non-renewable energy + improvements Nº. housing Contracted power (KW) Price e/ KW day Price H. valley e/ KW day Days/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption kwh/ Year Energy sold/ bought Price e/ KW tempo hour Price e/ KW valley hour Annual amount to be compensated Annual amount per energy Inst. photovoltaic panels 5.2 KWp (energy produced and sold to Endesa) 17 37,4 0,1328217 365 1.813,15 8.687,59 2.895,86 0,05 144,79 – Buy energy from Endesa (1/3) 2.895,86 0,05 −144,79 Consumptionwithnonrenewable energy without improvements Nº housing Contracted power (KW) Price e/ KW day Days/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption kwh/ Year Energy sold/ bought Price e/ KWh Annual amount to be compensated Annual amount per energy Inst. photovoltaic panels 84 KWp (energy produced and sold to Endesa) 17 37,4 0,1328217 365 1.813,15 139.256,91 46.418,97 0,05 2.320,95 – (continued) 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 129 Table 5.14 (continued) Endesa: One LUZ rate (from June 1st) Fixed annual amount Amount per energy consumption Buy energy from Endesa (1/3) 0,05 2.320,95 Endesa: One LUZ rate (from June 1st) Invoice break down Consumption current building status Sub-total annual invoice Annual electricity tax (5.11%) Price rental counter/ day Annual rental contador Annual total VAT 21% Total annual invoice amount Total annual amount/ housing Total monthly amount/ housing Social bonus DCTO. 25% Social bonus DCTO. 40% – – – 21.741,57 111,16 0,0265630 9,70 21.862,42 4.591,11 26.453,53 1.556,09 129,67 97,26 77,80 Consumption with facility improvements Sub-total annual invoice Annual electricity tax (5.11%) Price rental counter/ day Annual rental contador Annual total VAT 21% Total annual invoice amount Total annual amount/ housing Total monthly amount/ housing Social bonus DCTO. 25% Social bonus DCTO. 40% Solar control sheets 17.276,88 88,33 0,0265630 9,70 17.374,91 3.648,73 21.023,64 1.236,68 103,06 77,29 61,83 Air conditioning installation 13.393,54 68,48 13.462,02 2.827,02 16.289,04 958,18 79,85 59,89 47,91 Inst. entálpico retriever 16.104,59 82,34 16.186,93 3.399,25 19.586,18 1.152,13 96,01 72,01 57,61 Inst. air conditioning +recuperator 11.618,80 59,40 11.678,20 2.452,42 14.130,62 831,21 69,27 51,95 41,56 Susti. PVC aluminium windows 21.200,51 108,39 21.308,90 4.474,87 25.783,77 1.516,69 126,39 94,79 75,83 (continued) 130 Y. V. Diaz et al. Table 5.14 (continued) Endesa: One LUZ rate (from June 1st) Invoice break down Solar panels 100% ACS 16.774,20 85,76 16.859,96 3.540,59 20.400,55 1.200,03 100,00 75,00 60,00 Solar panels for heating 9.583,11 49,00 9.632,11 2.022,74 11.654,85 685,58 57,13 42,85 34,28 Joint 4.615,74 23,60 4.639,34 974,26 5.613,60 330,21 27,52 20,64 16,51 Consumption with non-renewable energy + improvements Sub-total annual invoice Annual electricity tax (7.0185%) Price rental counter/ day Annual rental contador Annual total VAT 21% Total annual invoice amount Total annual amount/ housing Total monthly amount/ housing Social bonus DCTO. 25% Social bonus DCTO. 40% Inst.photovoltaic panels 5.2 KWp (energy produced and sold to Endesa) 1.813,15 12,73 0,0265630 9,70 1.835,57 385,47 2.221,04 130,65 10,89 8,17 6,53 Buy energy from Endesa (1/3) Consumptionwithnonrenewable energy without improvements Sub-total annual invoice Annual electricity tax (7.0185%) Price rental counter/ day Annual rental contador Annual total VAT 21% Total annual invoice amount Total annual amount/ housing Total monthly amount/ housing Social bonus DCTO. 25% Social bonus DCTO. 40% Inst.photovoltaic panels 84 KWp (energy produced and sold to Endesa) 1.813,15 12,73 0,0265630 9,70 1.835,57 385,47 2.221,04 130,65 10,89 8,17 6,53 Buy energy from Endesa (1/3) 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 131 Table 5.15 Comparison of electricity consumption costs as of June 1, 2021. ODF energy Rate 3.0 TD middle high season Fixed annual amount Amount per energy consumption Consumption current building status Nº houses Contracted power (KW)/ housing Price H. tip e/ KW DAY Price H. valle e/ KW day Day/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWh/ year Price e/ KW P2 Price e/ KW hour P3 Price e/ KW P6 Annual amount peak hours Annual amount flat hours Annual amount hours valley Annual amount per energy consumed 17 4,3 0,0852 0,0039 365 2.273,26 139.256,91 0,12800 0,10100 0,067 6.684,33 4.102,28 3.110,07 13.896,68 Consumption with facility improvements Nº houses Contracted power (KW)/ housing Price H. tip e/ KW DAY Price H. valle e/ KW day Day/ Year Fixed annual amount (e) Annual consumption KWh/year Price e/ KW P2 Price e/ KW hour P3 Price e/ KW P6 Annual amount peak hours Annual amount flat hours Annual amount hours valley Annual amount per energy consumed Solar control sheets 17 4,4 0,0852 0,0039 365 2.326,13 108.869,55 0,12800 0,101 0,067 4.645,10 3.665,27 2.431,42 10.741,80 Air conditioning installation 82.438,94 3.517,39 2.775,44 1.841,14 8.133,98 Inst. entálpico retriever 100.890,74 4.304,67 3.396,65 2.253,23 9.954,55 Inst. air conditioning + recuperator 70.359,74 3.002,02 2.368,78 1.571,37 6.942,16 Susti. PVC aluminium windows 135.574,39 5.784,51 4.564,34 3.027,83 13.376,67 Solar panels 100% ACS 105.448,20 4.499,12 3.550,09 2.355,01 10.404,22 Solar panels for heating 56.504,56 2.410,86 1.902,32 1.261,94 5.575,12 Joint 22.695,85 968,36 764,09 506,87 2.239,32 (continued) 138 Y. V. Diaz et al. Fig. 5.5 ICP limiting power consumption. Sinotimer1 For the calculation of the variable quota, the corresponding variable concepts are applicable, which in our case are the following: Home use—Block 1: – Supply: 0,542 e/m3. – Discharge: 0,334 e/m3. – Purification: 0,348 e/m3. – Provincial Consortium Canon: e0.1865/m3. – Autonomous Canon: 0.20 e/m3. Taking the data corresponding to the building under study, the following results are obtained (Table 5.18). Each household will have to pay an average of e38.52/month of supply and sewerage, with an individual-type contract. Being a social housing building, the logical thing is that it is assigned to economically vulnerable people, with which they will have the application of some bonus, leaving the quotas as shown in Table 5.19 (Table 5.20). In the two previous cases, the amount of water consumed is reduced to 13.20 m3 because for the application of the voucher they require a maximum consumption, and from there it is charged at the corresponding price. 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 139 Table 5.18 Monthly amount EMASESA. Individual contracting Concepts Nº housing Price e/Day Days/Year Fixed annual amount (e) Monthly consumption m3/housing Total annual consumption m3/year Price e/M3Annual amount per consumption Fixed amount+annual variable Total import/MES Total amount/month/housing Supply 17 0,1398 365 867,46 16,00 3.264,00 0,542 1.769,09 Bonus for compliance. Payment −0,004166 −25,85 – Direct debit bonus −0,004166 −25,85 Poured 0,0408 253,16 0,334 1.090,18 Purification 0,0408 253,16 0,348 1.135,87 Canon Provincial 0,1865 608,74 Autonomous Canon 0,0333 206,63 0,20 652,80 Total integral cycle 1.528,71 5.256,67 6.785,39 565,45 33,26 VAT 10% –678,54 56,54 3,33 Sub-total invoice 7.463,92 621,99 36,59 RSU-fixed fee 17 23,20 394,40 –394,40 RSU-variable quota Total RSU Total import –7.858,32 654,86 38,52 140 Y. V. Diaz et al. Table 5.19 Monthly amount EMASESA with 50% bonus. Individual contracting 50% bonus Concepts Nº housing Price e/day Days/Year Fixed annual amount 50% (e) Monthly consumption m3/housing (50%) Total annual consumption m3/year (50%) Monthly consumption m3/housing (100%) Total annual consumption m3/year (100%) Price e/M3Annual amount per consumption 50% Annual amount per consumption 100% Fixed amount + annual variable Total import/MES Total amount/ month/housing Supply 17 0,1398 365 433,73 13,20 2.692,80 2,80 571,20 0,542 729,75 309,59 1.421,37 Bonus for compliance. Payment −0,004166 −25,85 – – Direct debit bonus −0,004166 −25,85 Poured 0,0408 126,58 0,334 449,70 190,78 767,06 Purification 0,0408 126,58 0,348 468,55 198,78 793,91 Canon provincial 0,1865 502,21 106,53 608,74 Autonomous Canon 0,0333 206,63 0,2000 538,56 114,24 320,87 Total integral cycle 841,82 2.688,76 919,92 3.608,68 300,72 17,69 VAT 10% – – 360,87 30,07 1,77 Sub-total invoice 3.969,55 330,80 19,46 RSU-fixed fee 17 23,20 394,40 –394,40 394,40 RSU- variable quota Total RSU Total import – – 4.363,95 363,66 21,39 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 141 Table 5.20 Monthly amount EMASESA with 100% bonus. Individual contracting 100% bonus Concepts Nº housing Price e/day Days/Year FIxed annual amount 0% (e) Monthly consumption m3/ housing (0%) Total annual consumption m3/year (0%) Monthly consumption m3/ housing (100%) Total annual consumption m3/year (100%) Price e/M3Annual amount per consumption 0% Annual amount per consumption 100% Fixed amount + annual variable Total import/ MES Total amount/month /housing Supply 17 0,1278 365 0,00 13,20 2.692,80 2,80 571,20 0,542 –309,59 309,59 Bonus for compliance.Payment −0,004166 – – Direct debit bonus −0,004166 Poured 0,0408 0,00 0,334 –190,78 190,78 Purification 0,0408 0,00 0,348 –198,78 198,78 Canon provincial 0,1865 106,53 106,53 Autonomous Canon 0,0333 206,63 0,2000 114,24 320,87 Total integral cycle 206,63 0,600 342,72 919,92 1.262,64 105,22 6,19 VAT 10% – – 126,26 10,52 0,62 Sub-total invoice 1.388,90 115,74 6,81 RSU-fixed fee 17 23,20 394,40 ––394,40 32,87 1,93 RSU-variable quota Total RSU 394,40 32,87 1,93 Total import – – 1.783,30 148,61 8,74 142 Y. V. Diaz et al. Comparative Study with Collective Bargaining of the Building If you opt for the installation collectively, the data resulting from the calculation of supply and sewerage is practically the same as individually, both with and without bonus (Table 5.21). Best Proposal for Improvement in Supply Analyzing the results obtained in the two main options, it is considered necessary to request a water and discharge rate bonus, at least in the same proportion as the rental price, so that the application of the contract collectively throughout the building is profitable. Proposal for Improvement in Gas The gas installation would be eliminated, since when using photovoltaic panels it would be changed to the use of electric water heaters. Proposal for Improvement in Telecommunications The telecommunications service can be offered with an offer of e29.95/month per contract, with Jazztel, which regardless of whether the contract is individual or collective, the cost will be higher or lower. Comparative Study with Individual Contracting Nowadays, it happens that many homes do not have an Internet network and after the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been shown that it is a necessary work tool both at school level and at the professional level. Therefore, a basic need facility in homes should be considered. The conventional system consists of the installation of a router per house connected by wiring to the Wi-Fi network. The company Jazztel offers an offer of e29.95/month, using the fiber optic of 600 Mbps of upload and download per house, a very high speed to obtain excellent browsing results. The installation is free for homes where there is already a Fiber Jazztel telephone network. 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 143 Table 5.21 Monthly amount EMASESA with or without bonus. Collective bargaining Concepts Nº housing Price e/day Days/Year Fixed annual amount (e) Monthly consumption m3/ housing Total annual consumption m3/year Price e/ M3Annual amount per consumption Fixed amount + annual variable Total import/ MES Total amount/ month/ housing – – – Supply 17 0,128766 365 798,99 16,00 3.264,00 0,542 1.769,09 Bonus for compliance.Payment −0,00417 −25,85 – Direct debit bonus −0,00417 −25,85 Poured 0,0408 253,16 0,334 1.090,18 Purification 0,0408 253,16 0,348 1.135,87 Canon Provincial 0,187 608,74 Autonomous Canon 0,0333 206,63 0,2000 652,80 Total integral cycle 1.460,25 5.256,67 6.716,92 559,74 32,93 VAT 10% -671,69 55,97 3,29 Subtotal invoice 7.388,61 615,72 36,22 RSU-fixed fee 17 23,20 394,40 –394,40 RSU- variable quota (continued) 144 Y. V. Diaz et al. Table 5.21 (continued) Concepts Nº housing Price e/day Days/Year Fixed annual amount (e) Monthly consumption m3/ housing Total annual consumption m3/year Price e/ M3Annual amount per consumption Fixed amount + annual variable Total import/ MES Total amount/ month/ housing – – – Total RSU Total import –7.783,01 648,58 38,15 50% bonus Concepts Nº housing Price e/Day Days/Year Fixed annual amount 50% (e) Monthly consumptionm3/ housing (50%) Total annual consumptionm3/ year (50%) Monthly consumptionm3/ housing (100%) Total annual consumptionm3/ year(100%) Price e/ M3Annual amount per consumption 50% Annual amount per consumption 100% Fixed amount + annual variable Total import/ MES Total amount/ month/housing Supply 17 0,1287 365 399,29 13,20 2.692,80 2,80 571,20 0,542 729,75 309,59 1.386,93 Bonus for compliance. Payment −0,00417 −25,85 – – Direct debit bonus −0,00417 −25,85 Poured 0,0408 126,58 0,334 449,70 190,78 767,06 Purification 0,0408 126,58 0,348 468,55 198,78 793,91 Canon provincial 0,1865 502,21 106,53 608,74 Autonomous canon 0,0333 206,63 0,2000 538,56 114,24 320,87 Total integral cycle 807,38 2.688,76 919,92 3.608,68 300,72 17,69 VAT 10% – – 360,87 30,07 1,77 Sub-total invoice 3.969,55 330,80 19,46 (continued) 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 145 Table 5.21 (continued) Concepts Nº housing Price e/day Days/Year Fixed annual amount (e) Monthly consumption m3/ housing Total annual consumption m3/year Price e/ M3Annual amount per consumption Fixed amount + annual variable Total import/ MES Total amount/ month/ housing – – – RSU-fixed fee 17 23,20 394,40 –394,40 394,40 RSU- variable quota Total RSU Total import – – 4.363,95 363,66 21,39 100% bonus Concepts Nº housing Price e/Day Days/Year Fixed annual amount 0% (e) Monthly consumptionm3/ housing (0%) Total annual consumptionm3/year (0%) Monthly consumptionm3/ housing (100%) Total annual consumptionm3/ year (100%) Price e/ M3Annual amount per consumption 0% Annual amount per consumption 100% Fixed amount + annual variable Total import/ MES Total amount/ month/ housing Supply 17 0,1278 365 0,00 13,20 2.692,80 2,80 571,20 0,542 –309,59 309,59 Bonus for compliance.Payment −0,00417 – – Direct debit bonus −0,00417 Poured 0,0408 0,00 0,334 –190,78 190,78 Purification 0,0408 0,00 0,348 –198,78 198,78 Canon Provincial 0,1865 106,53 106,53 Autonomous Canon 0,0333 206,63 0,2000 114,24 320,87 Total integral cycle 206,63 0,600 342,72 919,92 1.262,64 105,22 6,19 (continued) 146 Y. V. Diaz et al. Table 5.21 (continued) Concepts Nº housing Price e/day Days/Year Fixed annual amount (e) Monthly consumption m3/ housing Total annual consumption m3/year Price e/ M3Annual amount per consumption Fixed amount + annual variable Total import/ MES Total amount/ month/ housing – – – VAT 10% – – 126,26 10,52 0,62 Sub-total invoice 1.388,90 115,74 6,81 RSU-fixed fee 17 23,20 394,40 – – 394,40 32,87 1,93 RSU- variable quota Total RSU 394,40 32,87 1,93 Total import – – 1.783,30 148,61 8,74 5 Towards the Comprehensive Bonus … 147 Table 5.22 Cost of installation Wi-Fi/housing in conventional system. Individual contracting Element and quantity Item (e/ud) Amount (e) 1 Router Xiaomi AX1800 45,00 45,00 Labor 30,00 30,00 Amount/housing 75,00 The Xiaomi AX1800 Router is updated improving in terms of its installation without wiring and without the need for an outdoor antenna. In addition, it will be compatible with Mesh networks, allowing a simultaneous connection of up to 128 wirelessdevices.Its price reachesaround 45e/unit, withwhich the investmentwould be as shown in Table 5.22. Comparative Study with Collective Bargaining by Floor of the Building Mesh or Mesh networks: Today, it continues to happen that in many homes the Wi-Fi coverage is not very good with the conventional system, you have 100 Mgts or 1 Gb. As a solution to this, mesh or mesh networks appear, significantly improving wireless access. It is a way of not having the house full of cables, to give adequate access to computers, smartphones, tablets, and other devices. The mesh-type network consists of a group of devices that act as a single Wi-Fi network, that is, there will be several Wi-Fi sources (Wi-Fi points) in the home, instead of a single router. Its operation is automatic and intelligent, the network itself establishes which the best element is the better which the optimal coverage is achieved, adapting to the different spaces of the house. Therefore, this solution is excellent in homes with more than one floor. It would be necessary to contract the Internet access of 5 ×600Mbps or 5 × 1 Gb with the provider Jazztel, which provides access routers compatible with mesh networks, with a cost of e30 per repeater placed per floor, located in common areas of the building. The maintenance cost would be around e7.5/housing (Table 5.23). Table 5.23 Cost installation Wi-Fi/housing in mesh system. Collective bargaining Element and quantity Item (e/unit) Amount (e) 1 Router Xiaomi AX1800 45,00 45,00 5 repeaters (Basement +housing floors) 30,00 180,00 Labor 200,00 200,00 Total amount 521,00 Amount/housing 32,56