Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650

Universidade do Minho Escola de Engenharia Frank Roberto Chuquín Montoya Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 July 2022 UMinho | 2022 Frank Roberto Chuquín Montoya Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union The European Master in Building Information Modelling is a joint initiative of: July 2022 Universidade do Minho Escola de Engenharia Frank Roberto Chuquín Montoya Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Master Dissertation European Master in Building Information Modelling Work conducted under supervision of: José Carlos Lino Miguel Ângelo Dias Azenha Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ ii AUTHORSHIP RIGHTS AND CONDITIONS OF USE OF THE WORK BY THIRD PARTIES This is an academic work that can be used by third parties, as long as internationally accepted rules and good practices are respected, particularly in what concerts to author rights and related matters. Therefore, the present work may be used according to the terms of the license shown below. If the user needs permission to make use if this work in conditions that are not part of the licensing mentioned below, he/she should contact the author through the RepositóriUM platform of the University of Minho. License granted to the users of this work Attribution CC BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to highlight the support of Erasmus Mundus Scholarship, professors, and administrative staff of the three universities involved in the consortium that help me along the entire experience of this master. Also, I would like to thank to my family (my parents: Gloria, Roberto and my brother Cristhian) who always give me breath and encourage me to pursue my dreams. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ iv STATEMENT OF INTEGRITY I hereby declare having conducted this academic work with integrity. I confirm that I have not used plagiarism or any form of undue use of information or falsification of results along the process leading to its elaboration. I further declare that I have fully acknowledged the Code of Ethical Conduct of the University of Minho. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ v RESUMO A indústria de arquitetura, engenharia, construção e operação (AECO) tem-se esforçado por adotar uma abordagem mais integrada em todo o ciclo de vida do projeto. Esta nova metodologia deve incluir tecnologias, processos e pessoas. A urgência para esta mudança vem do baixo nível de produtividade no sector AECO que tem impacto em diferentes fatores, tais como: tempo, custo, âmbito e qualidade. O contratante é um dos atores ou partes interessadas dentro da cadeia de fornecimento da indústria AECO. Além disso, é o originador das metas, objetivos, propósitos e requisitos que o projeto deve cumprir para ser considerado bem-sucedido. Então, um contratante consciente sobre a necessidade de inovação e de transformação digital deve tomar a liderança, implementando o BIM. No entanto, não é um caminho fácil não só para as diferentes dimensões a considerar, tecnologias, processos e pessoas, mas também para os enormes guias, modelos, livros, artigos existentes que podem criar confusão num contratante para iniciar a sua viagem BIM. Esta dissertação assume a perspetiva de um contratante que pretende criar um processo de fluxo alinhado não só com a série ISO 19650 mas também com critérios de interoperabilidade vindos do OpenBIM, e ainda por cima acrescentando algumas ferramentas de Construção Lean. A primeira abordagem discutida neste documento são os passos necessários que uma parte nomeada necessita para seguir a série ISO 19650. O resultado tangível disto é a geração de treze modelos diferentes, com um guia técnico que pretende apontar o caminho do contratante na sua viagem BIM. O segundo passo foi a incorporação nos documentos de práticas sobre interoperabilidade através de conceitos OpenBIM tais como IFC, MVD, BCF e IDS. Como terceiro passo, foram incluídas cinco ferramentas da comunidade de Construção Lean que pretendem impulsionar a sinergia entre Lean e BIM. O processo de validação consistiu numa série de entrevistas e inquéritos semiestruturados a um painel de peritos da indústria. Este processo ajudou a refinar os modelos propostos e o guia técnico alinhado com a série ISO 19650, o OpenBIM e as ferramentas Lean Construction. Foram incluídas algumas alterações de acordo com as respostas e comentários dos peritos. Os resultados ajudaram a melhorar e a considerar a perspetiva da indústria que o painel de peritos trouxe para esta investigação. Foi constatada a necessidade de melhorar os conhecimentos dos profissionais sobre OpenBIM e construção Lean nos aspetos mais práticos das ferramentas de cada domínio. Também foi salientada a conveniência de ter dois tipos complementares de documentos: modelos e guia técnico para ajudar a designar as partes na sua implementação do BIM. Além disso, foram encontradas dúvidas sobre a praticabilidade e adequação do quadro de informação ao nível do quadro de informação em relação a outra abordagem como LOD. Palavras chave: Entidades Contratantes, BIM, ISO 19650, Lean, OpenBIM Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ vi ABSTRACT The architecture, engineering, construction, and operation (AECO) industry strives for a more integrated approach in the entire project life cycle. This new methodology of doing must include technology, process, and people. The urgency of change comes from the low productivity level in the AECO sector which impacts in different factors such as: time, cost, scope, and quality. The appointing party is one of the actors or stakeholders within the supply chain of the AECO industry. Also, it is the originator of the goals, objectives, purposes, and requirements that the project must fulfill to be considered successful. Then, a conscious appointing party about the necessity of innovation and a digital transformation can take the lead by implementing BIM. Nevertheless, it is not an easy path not only for the different dimensions to consider as it was mentioned technology, process and people, but also for the enormous guides, templates, books, papers existing that can create confusion in an appointing party for starting its BIM journey. This dissertation takes the perspective of an appointing party that intends to create a flow process aligned not only with ISO 19650 series but also with interoperability criteria coming from OpenBIM, and on top of that by adding some Lean Construction tools. Then, the first approach discussed in this document is the necessary steps that an appointing party needs to follow ISO 19650 series. The tangible result of this is the generation of thirteen different templates with alongside a technical guide that intends to pave the path of the appointing party in its BIM journey. The second step was the incorporation in the document of practical’s about interoperability through OpenBIM concepts such as IFC, MVD, BCF and IDS. As a third step it was included five tools from the Lean Construction community that pretend to boost the synergy between Lean and BIM. The validation process consisted of a series of semi-structured interviews and surveys to a panel of experts from the industry. This process helped to refine the proposed templates and technical guide aligned to ISO 19650 series, OpenBIM and Lean Construction tools. Some changes were included according to the answers and comments of the experts. The findings helped to improve and to consider the perspective of the industry that the expert panel brought to this research. It was found that necessity to improve the knowledge of practitioners about OpenBIM and Lean construction in the most practical aspects of the tools of each domain. Also, it was highlighted the convenience of having two complementary types of documents: templates and technical guide for helping appointing parties in its BIM implementation. Moreover, there was found doubts about the practicality and suitability of the level of information framework over other approach as LOD. Keywords: Appointing parties, BIM, ISO 19650, Lean, OpenBIM Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ vii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 13 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................. 17 2.1. STANDARDS ISO 19650 SERIES ...................................................................................... 17 2.2. GUIDANCE .......................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.1. Guidance ISO 19650-Part 1 (2019): Concepts .............................................................. 19 2.2.2. Guidance ISO19650-Part 2 (2022): Delivery phase ...................................................... 19 2.2.3. ISO 19650 Guidance Part A (2021) .............................................................................. 21 2.2.4. BIM execution planning Pennsylvania State (2019) ..................................................... 24 2.2.5. Past dissertations: Mirniazmandan, S. (2021) ............................................................... 24 2.3. OPENBIM ............................................................................................................................. 25 2.3.1. ISO 19650 Guidance Part B Open Data (2020) ............................................................ 25 2.3.2. BuildingSmart International .......................................................................................... 25 2.3.2.1. OpenBIM ................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.2.2. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) ............................................................................ 25 2.3.2.3. Model View Definition (MVD) ................................................................................ 26 2.3.2.4. BIM Collaboration Format (BCF) ............................................................................. 26 2.3.2.5. Information Delivery Specification (IDS) ................................................................. 26 2.4. CDE ....................................................................................................................................... 26 2.5. BEP PRE AND POST APPOINTMENT .............................................................................. 27 2.6. LEVEL OF INFORMATION NEED.................................................................................... 28 2.7. FEDERATION STRATEGY AND INFORMATION CONTAINER ................................. 30 2.8. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 30 2.9. INFORMATION PROTOCOL ............................................................................................. 32 2.10. INFORMATION STANDARD ........................................................................................ 32 2.11. INFORMATION METHODS AND PROCEDURES ...................................................... 32 2.12. TEMPLATES AND TOOLS ............................................................................................ 33 2.12.1. Plannerly........................................................................................................................ 33 2.12.1.1. EIR Template .......................................................................................................... 33 2.12.1.2. BEP Template ......................................................................................................... 34 2.12.2. BIM execution planning Pennsylvania State (2019) ..................................................... 35 2.12.2.1. Define BIM goals and potential BIM uses Template .............................................. 35 2.12.2.2. Evaluation of potential BIM uses ............................................................................ 35 2.12.2.3. Process map Template ............................................................................................. 35 2.12.2.4. Defining information exchanges Template ............................................................. 35 2.12.2.5. BIM project execution plan (BEP) Template .......................................................... 36 2.12.3. International BIM toolkit (2020)-Cambridge University .............................................. 36 2.12.3.1. EIR Template .......................................................................................................... 36 2.12.4. Past dissertations: Terrosi, G. (2020) ............................................................................ 37 2.12.4.1. EIR Template .......................................................................................................... 37 2.12.4.2. BEP Template ......................................................................................................... 37 2.12.5. Past dissertations: Fontana, B. (2020) ........................................................................... 37 Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ viii 2.12.5.1. Information Management Template ........................................................................ 37 2.12.6. Guidance Part D: Information requirements – EIR Template ....................................... 37 2.13. LEAN AND BIM .............................................................................................................. 39 3. TEMPLATES AND TECHNICAL GUIDE PROPOSED ............................................... 41 3.1. ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS - OIR ..................................... 41 3.2. PROJECT INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS - PIR ........................................................ 42 3.3. EXCHANGE INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS - EIR ................................................... 44 3.4. PRE BEP ............................................................................................................................... 47 3.5. INFORMATION STANDARDS .......................................................................................... 51 3.6. INFORMATION METHODS AND PROCEDURES .......................................................... 51 3.7. INFORMATION PROTOCOL ............................................................................................. 53 3.8. RESPONSE REQUIREMENTS AND EVALUATION CRITERIA ................................... 55 3.9. REFERENCE INFORMATION AND SHARED RESOURCES ......................................... 58 3.10. REVIEW AND ACCEPT MODEL................................................................................... 60 3.11. LESSON LEARNED ........................................................................................................ 61 3.12. ARCHIVE PROJECT INFORMATION MODEL (PIM) ................................................. 62 3.13. MASTER INFORMATION DELIVERY PLAN - MIDP ................................................ 63 4. VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS .......................................................... 65 4.1. 1ST ROUND OF INTERVIEWS –VALIDATION PROCESS ............................................ 65 4.2. SURVEY –VALIDATION PROCESS ................................................................................. 66 4.3. 2ND ROUND OF INTERVIEWS –VALIDATION PROCESS ........................................... 72 4.4. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS ................................................................................................... 73 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................... 75 REFERENCES......................................................................................................................... 77 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................ 80 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... 81 APPENDIX 1: INFORMATION MANAGEMENTE FUNCTION ASSIGNMENT MATRIX...... 81 APPENDIX 2: PROPOSED TEMPLATES ...................................................................................... 83 APPENDIX 3: INTERVIEWS QUESTIONS 1ST AND 2ND ROUND.......................................... 91 APPENDIX 4: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ................................................................................. 92 Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 15 Figure 1 – Research methodology It must be said that this dissertation considers precedence works made by former students of the BIM A+. The work of Mirniazmandan (2021) named “Proposal of a company BIM guide in alignment with ISO 19650”, the BIM guide created in this dissertation was divided in four sections: policy, people, process and technology which is a compiling effort of different standard and guides. Also, the work of Terrosi (2020) “guidelines for BIM information management at design stage” was considered for this dissertation because it contains a series of documents such as: matrix BIM competencies (for assessing desirable role competency), matrix project team members maturity level assessment (appraise people competency), template of exchange information requirement (EIR), template of BIM execution plan (BEP), matrix CDE comparison analysis and a workflow for the design stage. Besides, Fontana (2020) presented the master thesis named: “Information management workflow for the construction and operation phases on a BIM process”. This work presents an information requirement template containing four sections: technical, management, commercial, and legal. Also, contains a process map for the construction and operation phase taken into account BIM uses, CDE, interoperability and quality control. This thesis is divided into five chapters that contains the following information: Chapter 1 it is about the introduction of the work and explain the problem, gives a hypothesis, points out the objectives and outcomes, explains the research methodology, an assessment of past studies and summarizes the chapters. Chapter 2 it is the literature review that shows the most important standards, guides, online resources, templates and master thesis that cover the topics of this dissertation. This literature review is structured considering the most relevant topics for this dissertation. Chapter 3 presents templates and a technical guide that intent to be descriptive and instructional, both documents are part of this framework proposal by the author of the thesis. These resources work closely with the process framework proposal. This proposal intends to be simple and straightforward considering the pains and gains of an appointing party for starting its BIM journey. Chapter 4 here is presented the validation of the deliverables (templates and technical guide) in an industrial/professional environment through surveys and interviews to a panel of experts. This helps to change or make some adjustments to those resources. Chapter 5 points out conclusions and recommendations considering the work done in this dissertation and it states some areas for future research. Literature Review Validation and Results Development of templates Initial Interviews Develop. of technical guidance Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 16 This page is intentionally left blank Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 17 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Through an extensive literature review of different documents (i.e., standards, guides, templates. manuals, books) a selection of relevant topics aligned to this dissertation was made. In the reference section it can be found the list of the material revised. From them, stand out the international standard ISO 19650 series (2018), the UKBIM Framework (2022), International BIM toolkit (2020), and the open standards from BuildingSmart International (2022a). The topics listed as relevant were thirteen: standards, guidance, OpenBIM, CDE, BEP pre and post appointment, level of information need, federation strategy and information container, information requirements, information protocol, information standard, information methods and procedures, and Lean-BIM. Each topic is discussed in the following sub-sections. 2.1. Standards ISO 19650 series ISO 19650-1 (2018) defines what is fundamental for the information delivery which is the Exchange Information Requirements (EIR). It is pointed out in ISO 19650-1 (2018) that an appointing party is responsible for formulating the information requirements. Those requirements help to define what information is needed, when and who is responsible for producing. This information requirements must use the concept of level of information need. Also, for the appointing party is pivotal to establish the information standard, production methods and procedures and the common data environment (CDE). The ISO 19650-2 (2018) specifies the information management process that starts with assessment and need until project close-out. In this dissertation is important to map each of the process in order to determine the level of involvement of the appointing party. The following is the list of activities that ISO 196502 considers as part of the information management process: assessment and need, invitation to tender, tender response, appointment, mobilization, collaborative production of information, information model delivery and project close-out. Then, each process is composed by different activities. For assessment and need the activities are: appoint individuals to undertake the information management function, establish the project´s information requirements, establish the project´s information delivery milestone, establish the project´s information standard, establish the project´s information production methods and procedures, establish the project´s reference information and shared resources, establish the project´s common data environment, establish the project´s information protocol. All those activities are part of the responsibility of the appointing party according to ISO 19650-2 (2018). In the process named “invitation to tender” the activities are the following: establish the appointing party´s exchange information requirements, assemble reference information and shared resources, establish tender response requirements and evaluation criteria and compile invitation to tender information. For “tender response” the activities are: nominate individuals to undertake the information management function, establish the delivery team´s (pre-appointment) BIM execution plan, assess each task team capability and capacity, establish the delivery team´s capability and capacity, establish the delivery Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 18 team´s mobilization plan, establish the delivery team´s risk register and compile the delivery team´s tender response. All those activities are part of the responsibility of a prospective lead appointed party. The process named “appointment” has the following activities: confirm the delivery team´s BIM execution plan, establish the delivery team´s detailed responsibility matrix, establish the lead appointed party´s exchange information requirements, establish the task information delivery plan (s), establish the master information delivery plan, complete lead appointed party´s appointment documents and complete appointed party´s appointment documents. The fifth process is “mobilization” and the activities are: mobilize resources, mobilize information technology and test the project´s information production methods and procedures. Most of these activities are responsibility of the lead appointed party. For “collaborative production of information”, the activities are: check availability of reference information and shared resources, generate information, undertake quality assurance check, review information and approve for sharing and information model review. The process of “information model delivery” is composed by: submit information model for lead appointed party authorization, review and authorize the information model, submit information model for appointing party acceptance, review and accept the information model. Here, the review and acceptance steps are considered responsibility of the appointing party. For “project close-out” the activities are: archive the project information model and capture lessons learned for future projects. Those are responsibilities of the appointing party. The ISO 19650-2 (2018) also shows an information management assignment matrix that propose a match between each process and activity with different stakeholders (appointing party, third party, lead appointed party and appointed party). This matrix helps to understand how it should be a proper assignment and what to expect from others. Nevertheless, for an appointing party who wants to initiate its journey in BIM thought the ISO 19650 is not enough this assignment matrix because it is no stated explicitly who is responsible for each activity. Certainly, this can vary from project to project, but a clear indication of responsibilities will help the appointing party. Finally, the standard ISO 19650 series (2018) defines fundamental concepts that needs to be addressed by the appointing party. The ones detected are the following: common data environment, level of information need, information requirement as a specification of what, when, who, how is to be produced any information. Also, the concept like the identification of key decision points that help to define information deliverables. 2.2. Guidance The UK BIM Framework (2022) is a guidance that facilitates the understanding and implementation of the international standard ISO 19650 series. From the UK BIM Framework (2022) it was extracted some important insights about the ISO 19650 series considering the perspective of the appointing party. Also, the BIM project execution planning guide of the Pennsylvania State (2019) is a guidance for developing a BIM plan (BEP). Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 19 2.2.1. Guidance ISO 19650-Part 1 (2019): Concepts Firstly, there are four resources that helps to set out the appointing party information requirements and bring clear definitions for the information needed: organization information requirements (OIR), project information requirement (PIR), asset information requirement (AIR) and exchange information requirement (EIR). The following figure 2 – Information requirements, shows how the requirements influence each other in a cascade mode. Figure 2 – Information requirements. Adapted from ISO 19650-Part 1 (2018) Secondly, the guidance points out about the use of two matrix: information management activities and information deliverables. Also, it is said that this last matrix matches the deliverables against the information exchange stages. Nevertheless, there is not further guidance about how to proceed in the elaboration of this matrix. Then, this is an opportunity for this dissertation to explore on this. Thirdly, it is necessary to use a metadata attribute for each information container in order to retrieve information. Then, there are different possibilities for choosing the classification system which can be Uniclass, Onmiclass or MasterFormat. Fourthly, management and processes need to be set up at the beginning from the appointing party. These can be done by the information production methods and procedures, information standards, the level of information need and information protocols. 2.2.2. Guidance ISO19650-Part 2 (2022): Delivery phase In this guidance, it is explained that the interaction between parties (i.e., appointing party, lead appointed parties and appointed parties) can be adopted by any delivery method of a project (i.e., integrated project delivery -IPD, design-bid-construction, design-construction, and construction management). This is shown in the following figure 3 – Interaction between stakeholdersin which we have one appointing party and different lead appointed parties: OIR PIR AIR EIR Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 20 Figure 3 – Interaction between stakeholders. Adapted from ISO 19650-Part 2 (2018) Certainly, there are some delivery methods as the IPD that enables and foster collaboration and BIM implementation. Also, there are other delivery methods as Design-Bid-Build that for its fragmentation in nature bring more challenges and more responsibilities to the appointing party for implementing BIM. Moreover, this guidance shows how in the eight stages of the process information management are involved each party. Considering the perspective of the appointing party, the following figure 4 – Information management processespoints out its level of involvement from low to high. A color code is used, in which high involvement is color sky blue, medium involvement is green and low involvement is yellow: 1. Assessment and need 2. Invitation to tender 3. Tender response 4. Appointment 5. Mobilization 6. Collaborative production of information 7. Information model delivery 8. Project closeout High High Low Medium Low Low Medium High Figure 4 – Information management processes. Adapted from Guidance Part A (2019) and Guidance ISO 196502 (2022) Also, those processes (from “invitation to tender” until “project close-out”) can be grouped in: information procurement, information planning and information production according to the ISO 19650 Guidance Part A (2021). From the guidance, it can be elaborated a RACI matrix showing more details in the activities related to the appointing party and the responsibility in each activity. The importance of this table 1 -Responsibility of the appointing partyis to make clear what should be the focus of this appointing party. This is shown in the following table: Appointing Party Lead Appointed Party: Architectural Designer Information procurement Information planning Information production Lead Appointed Party: Contractor Lead Appointed Party: Project Manager Lead Appointed Party: Engineering designer Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 21 Table 1 - Responsibility of the appointing party Clause in ISO 196502 Activity Appointing Party 5.1.1 Appoint individuals to undertake the information management function. Resp./Acc. 5.1.2 Establish the project´s information requirements. Resp./Acc. 5.1.3 Establish the project´s information delivery milestone. Resp./Acc. 5.1.4 Establish the project´s information delivery standard. Resp./Acc. 5.1.5 Establish the project´s information production methods and procedures. Resp./Acc. 5.1.6 Establish the project´s reference information and shared resources. Resp./Acc. 5.1.7 Establish the project´s common data environment. Resp./Acc. 5.1.8 Establish the project´s information protocol. Resp./Acc. 5.2.1 Establish the appointing party´s exchange information requirements. Resp./Acc. 5.2.2 Assemble reference information and shared resources. Resp./Acc. 5.2.3 Establish tender response requirements and evaluation criteria. Resp./Acc. 5.2.4 Compile invitation to tender information. Resp./Acc. 5.4.6 Complete lead appointed party´s appointment documents. Resp./Acc. 5.7.4 Review and accept the information model. Resp./Acc. 5.8.1 Archive the project information model. Resp./Acc. 5.8.2 Compile lessons learned for future projects. Resp./Acc. 5.4.1 Confirm the delivery team´s BIM execution plan. Consulted 5.4.5 Establish the master information delivery plan. Informed 5.5.2 Mobilize information technology. Informed This guidance highlights the importance to set key decision points as a manner to create the information delivery milestone. Also, it is mentioned how the exchange information requirements derived from the project information requirement and the assets information requirement. As part of the invitation to tender documentation, the appointing party could attach a pre-BIM execution plan as a template. Finally, in the activity of review the information model, the appointing party should check the information container against the EIR, MIDP and the level of information need. 2.2.3. ISO 19650 Guidance Part A (2021) This part of the guidance presents a list of what an appointing party should expect when receives the proposals from the prospected lead appointed party: Pre appointment BIM execution plan, capability and capacity summary, mobilization plan, and a risk register. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 22 Thereafter, in the appointment process the appointing party must expect to receive from the lead appointed party the following resources: BIM execution plan, detailed responsibility matrix, lead appointed party´s exchange information requirements; and master information delivery plan. Moreover, this guidance gives a recommendation about how to deal with multiple lead appointed parties in the same stage. In this regard, it is said that is a good practice that the appointing party share templates in order to create consistency (regarding structure and format) between the different BIM execution plans of each lead appointed parties. Also, those lead appointed parties working in parallel should share and communicate between each other their BIM execution plan. Furthermore, this guidance shows a more detail (expanded) information management function assignment matrix. This helps an appointing party knowing the sub-activities that need to be done. For instance, for process 1 named “Assessment and need”, this guidance reports a detail assignment matrix. See following figures 5 and 6: Figure 5 –Detail assignment matrix for activities 1.1 to 1.5. Extracted from Guidance Part A (2021). Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 23 Figure 6 – Detail assignment detail matrix for activities 1.6 to 1.9. Extracted from Guidance Part A (2021), Also, in the case of the following process there is a detailed matrix of sub-activities. Apart from process 1 showed early, other process that an appointing party should take attention are: invitation to tender, tender response, appointment, mobilization, information model delivery and project close-out. Those figures are presented in appendix 1 “information management function assignment matrix”. A list of resources is pointed out in this guidance A and it is helpful for mapping what the appointing party shall produce and it is shown in figure 7-List of resourcesbut there is not more detail on how to proceed creating those resources. Figure 7 – List of resources-Extracted from Guidance Part A (2021) Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 24 2.2.4. BIM execution planning Pennsylvania State (2019) The BIM execution planning of Pennsylvania State (2019) is a guide for developing a BIM plan (BEP). This guide states five steps which are the following: define the goals, select model uses, define the BIM execution process, define the information deliverables, and develop the infrastructure. Moreover, this Pennsylvania State document states that it will be necessary at least four meetings for developing the BIM plan. Also, it was depicted the agenda for each meeting and the tasks between meetings. Certainly, this will help organizations to keep in mind a route map. Besides, the document can be used as a guidance for creating a BIM plan for a particular project, but also for developing a BIM execution planning standard at the organization level. By doing this, stakeholders in an individual project will have a starting point and they will benefit from the organizational standards. In this effort of developing a BIM plan at organizational level, it is necessary to follow the same five steps showed paragraphs above. Although, there is one additional consideration about the BIM mission statement in the step one. Furthermore, the BIM execution planning of Pennsylvania State (2019) shows ten recommendations for developing a BIM plan. Between those the following deserve some particular attention: each project team needs a BIM champion, owner involvement is critical throughout the entire process, the BIM project execution planning procedure can be adapted to different contracting structures and developing an organizational BIM project execution plan. 2.2.5. Past dissertations: Mirniazmandan, S. (2021) It is presented a proposal of a company BIM guide (the company is an international BIM consultant) aligned to ISO 19650 series, this BIM guide is divided into four sections: policy, people, process, and technology. Then, for each section, the author developed sub-sections that permit to establish a clear structure which help to have a clear view of the guide and its component. Furthermore, for each subsection there are different components that are useful for taken into account for implementing BIM. For instance, the policy section has two sub-sections: regulatory and contractual. Each of them has one component or resources: standards/classification and BIM execution plan respectively. The contribution of this reference is that establishes a baseline of different components/resources/topics or documents to be addressed in the context of a BIM implementation such as: standards, BIM execution plan, roles, responsibilities, competencies, education/training/support, BIM uses, BIM deliverables, Lox, quality control, information exchange and collaboration, CDE, clash detection, COBie, folder structure, naming conventions, presentation styles, software and file format, software template, BIM Object, and modelling procedures. Therefore, those components will be useful material for considering in this work for taking into account the perspective of an appointing party plus ISO 19650 series and OpenBIM. For example, the recommendation stated by Mirniazdan (2021) about a minimum list of IFC parameters in objects such as: ifcExportAs, ifcExportType, NominalLenght, NominalHeight, and NominalDepth. As well as the use of reference model for sharing coordinates with all disciplines. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 31 information for the entire life of the asset. For the definition of information, the guidance mention that the level of information need will help to build an EIR. It is recommended in this guidance that an appointing party could develop a master set of EIR and then filter them according to each appointment. The ISO 19650 Guidance part D (2022) depicts a flowchart for preparing EIR, in the figure information is divided in structured and unstructured information. Structured information is referring to models, databases, and spreadsheet. Unstructured information is the one cannot be queried by a machine and needs to be interpreted by a person for having meaning (e.g., drawings, reports, sounds, images). Figure 9Structured and unstructured informationshows the decomposition explained. Figure 9 – Structured and unstructured information-Extracted from guidance part D Also, the BIM execution planning of Pennsylvania State University (2019) points out the importance of determining the “specific implementation areas and uses” which at the end are information requirements. In this sense, the selection of BIM uses is an important step to define the information content. A strategy mentioned in the document is to “begin with the end in mind” and it refers to consider what is going to be the end use of the information and continue in reverse order in the project phases, this can help to choose conveniently the BIM uses. Also, there is special attention to five BIM uses which are: capture existing conditions, author design model, coordinate design model, review design model and compile record model. Those BIM uses are advised to implement. In the section “Templates” of this dissertation is analyzed the template presented for selection of BIM uses. Moreover, in the BIM execution planning document, the definition of the information exchange means to detail what information is needed for delivering a specific BIM use. Not only for the author, but also for the receiver is important to understand and state clearly what will be the information content. Then, Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 32 there is presented a template for capturing this information exchange that will be analyzed in the subsection “Templates”. 2.9. Information protocol Considering the ISO 19650 Guidance Part E of the UK BIM Framework (2021), it is necessary to incorporate an information protocol in order to establish clearly the rights and obligations of each party (i.e., appointing party and lead appointing party), this incorporation must be done by a clause in the Appointment. Also, the information protocol needs to be included since the invitation to tender process and goes through the appoint documents. About the terminology used in the information protocol, an appointor is an appointing party and an appointee is a lead appointed party. The Information Particulars are part of the information protocol, and this Information Particulars contain a list of all the resources or relevant documents. Between those documents listed are: mobilization plan, master information delivery plan, and the task information delivery plan. It is a good practice that in case of conflicts between the Appointment and information protocol, this last should be take precedence. 2.10. Information standard Considering the ISO 19650 Guidance Part E of the UK BIM Framework (2021), the information standard is formulated at the project level. A special characteristic of the information standard is that a lead appointed party can suggest additions or amendments. The information standard should include the following: the level of information need, classification system adopted, requirements for the designation of internal and external spaces, document headers and title block, and information container ID convention. Mirniazmandan (2021), highlights the use of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) as an open standard, the same as the Model view definition (MVD) and the BIM collaboration Format (BCF) as well. By using those standards, the information delivery will be aligned with an OpenBIM approach. Besides, BuildingSmart International-Bsi (2022a) considers as data standards: IFC and MVD. Also, as workflow standards: BCF, IDS (information delivery specification) and IDM (information delivery manual). Also, Mirniazmandan points out the use of a classification system as Uniclass 2015 because it is in accordance with ISO 12006-2, then it can be used in an international stage. Besides, the implementation of a plan of work as RIBA can be considered as a standard. 2.11. Information methods and procedures Considering the ISO 19650 Guidance Part E of the UK BIM Framework (2021), this resource must be produced by the appointing party and this document describes the necessary processes for preparing deliverables. In this sense, it is said that methods and procedures could be captured by using information Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 33 delivery manual (IDM). Nevertheless, the guidance repeats what was indicated in the information standard with respect to the establishment of the form of the title block and document header. According to this guidance “the information production methods and procedures may describe the process of preparing deliverables (such as drawings, models, other deliverables) prior to their use in an activity such as spatial coordination, quantity take-off by the lead appointed party, or review and acceptance by the appointing party”. Then, it is closely related with defining the process of quality assurance and quality control as well. Also, the ISO 19650-1 (2018) points out the importance of information verification and validation at the start and end of project stages. It is described in the BIM execution planning of Pennsylvania State (2019) the necessity of mapping the BIM process. To develop a high-level BIM overview map and a detailed BIM use process map. The first one looks for ordering in a sequence the different BIM uses to be implemented and it contains information exchanges. The second enters in more detail processes for each BIM use which also include sequencing those process establishing responsible parties, information content and information exchanges. 2.12. Templates and Tools In this section is presented templates and tools found in the literature review coming from different sources. Also, an analysis was made in each template or tool. 2.12.1. Plannerly Plannerly is a cloud-based BIM management tool, this platform developed different templates aligned to ISO 19650 series such as: OIR, PIR, EIR, BEP, Appointment, Risk, Mobilize, Lessons, RACI, Meetings and Glossary. All those templates can be customized according to the necessities. Then, it is understandable that the original template developed by Plannerly has as many sections as possible to cover different scenarios and circumstances of different types of projects. 2.12.1.1. EIR Template The template Exchange Information Requirement (EIR) of Plannerly is divided in sections and subsections. One of the most relevant sections is named “Process” which is in section 4 in the template. This section is comprised of 18 sub-sections and two of them demand special attention: 4.1 Assessment; and 4. 5 Establishing information requirement. In this sub-section 4.1 Assessment, there is an indication that can creates confusion for an appointing party because it is said that the remaining sub-sections (from sub-section 4.2 to 4.18) must be completed by the prospective lead appointing party. But those remaining sub sections must be addressed in the preappointment BIM execution plan. Moreover, some of those sub-sections are declarative such as: 4.4 training requirements; 4.8 option appraisal; 4.9 design change control. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 34 In the sub-section 4.5 Establishing information requirement is said the level of information need will be applied and it will be addressed in the template named “scope”. Then, this sub-section 4.5 does not bring value to the appointing party, it creates more documentation that is not necessary. Moreover, in sub-section 7.1 High level responsibility matrix there are two points that need to be addressed: 1) This sub-section sends us to the template “scope”. Then, this sub-section does not need any development (i.e., section 7.1 does not bring value). 2) The table showed in this sub-section combines BIM uses with components or objects of a project. Therefore, this table is not matching with the high-level responsibility matrix showed in the annex A of the ISO 196501. Besides, in sub-section 7.4 Example information requirements is shown a table containing facets of information such as: description, form, format and milestone which are matching with the guidance part D of the UKBIM framework. Nevertheless, in the same sub-section 7.4 is pointed out that is recommended to use the template “scope” that might help to structure the requirements. Therefore, in this scenario the appointing party have the option to choose one direction or the other. But the burden of information can limit the implementation of BIM management from the appointing party. 2.12.1.2. BEP Template In the BEP template of Plannerly, there is not an explicit separation between a pre-appointment BEP and a post-appointment BEP. This can create some misunderstanding, especially when an appointing party is in the first steps of its BIM journey. Even though, a BEP (pre or post appointment) will be developed by the prospective lead appointed parties. An appointing party might develop a template for the pre-appointment BEP. In this sense, some of the sub-sections from BEP template of Plannerly that can be important to include in this pre-appointment BEP created by the appointing party are the following: sub section 1.5; 4.1; 5.3; 6.4; 7.2 and 8.1. For instance, in Sub-section 1.5 “Appointing party/client satisfaction” of the BEP template, there are questions that need to be answered by the prospective lead appointed party. Those questions want to understand how expectations related to the information management will be set out. Also, how progress will be measure and reported to the appointing party. Also, section 4 “Processes” describe in a clear manner how the information production will be. For example: sub-section 4.1 describes how the project information model will be delivered by teams. Other sub-sections point out about scheduling meetings, coordination milestone and quality control. Moreover, in sub-section 6.4 “Interactive workspace” is asked to the prospective lead appointed party how the workspace will be implemented in technology terms and if teams will be collocated. Apart from than, in sub-section 7.2 “OpenBIM file formats” is pointed out the requirements about delivering files in two formats: IFC and the native format. Besides, in sub-section 8.1 is stated in a clear manner what is excluded and the variations. This help to level expectations of different stakeholders. Nevertheless, there are two sections who create certain misunderstanding. Sub-section 5.3 “Information container/file naming standard” is shown in the BEP but, it is not showed in the exchange requirement or in the project information standard. Then, an appointing party could think that this structure for the Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 35 information container must be indicated by the prospective lead appointed party, but this is not what the ISO 19650 series defines. Also, there is the sub-section 5.4 “geometry and reliability definition” which seems unconnected with other parts specially with the level of information need. Then, this can be misleading for an appointing party. 2.12.2. BIM execution planning Pennsylvania State (2019) 2.12.2.1. Define BIM goals and potential BIM uses Template It is presented in the document “BIM execution planning” of Pennsylvania State (2019) a template that helps to define goals and potential BIM uses. In this template, the goals are ranked between 1 to 3 considering its priority. This specific template can be aligned with the definition of OIR, PIR and AIR. 2.12.2.2. Evaluation of potential BIM uses Moreover, there is a template for selecting BIM uses more conveniently. This template is a structure manner to evaluate potential BIM uses. This template combines an assessment of capacity and capability of the different stakeholders involved in the information production. Besides, it evaluates the value of a specific BIM uses for the project and for the responsible party as well. There is an evaluation of the potential value, the cost of implementation and the risk associated by the potential implementation of the BIM uses. Finally, it has the decision to implement or not the evaluated BIM use. 2.12.2.3. Process map Template Furthermore, there is a detail explanation about how mapping the project execution process considering first an overview map and a detail BIM use process map. Both utilize the Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN). For the overview map there are two lanes: BIM uses and information exchange. Meanwhile, for the detailed map there are three lanes: reference information, processes, and information exchange. It is said that is necessary to represent internal and external information exchange using this notation BPMN. In the annex of the Pennsylvania State document there are different detailed maps templates that can be customized. 2.12.2.4. Defining information exchanges Template Then, for defining those information exchanges it was designed a worksheet that is characterized by five points: 1) it uses the CSI Uniformat II as a model element breakdown structure. 2) A three-tier level of detail structure: A: accurate, B: general and C: schematic; 3) Assign responsible party 4) model receiver 5) model file type. Critically, this worksheet helps to keep track of what is an output for a particular BIM use and later will be an input for another BIM use. In this sense, the evaluation of consistency can be made by using this worksheet. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 36 2.12.2.5. BIM project execution plan (BEP) Template Finally, the BIM execution planning of Pennsylvania State (2019) presents the template of the BIM project execution plan (BEP) that contains 14 sections. This template shows a structure that looks for answering who, when, what, when is going to be deliver the information exchange and the information content. Following, it is shown some of the sections that deserves more attention: Section B: Project information: It contains the project milestones. Section D: Project goals/BIM uses: Designed to evaluate and support the decision of delivering determined BIM uses. Section F: BIM process design: It is composed of two sub-sections a) level one process overview map and b) list of level two-detailed BIM use process map. Section G: BIM information exchanges: It has two sub-sections named a) list of information exchange worksheet and b) model definition worksheet. Nevertheless, there is not clear the specific difference between those two. This slightly difference is that in the model definition worksheet is shown the project stage. The remaining data of those both documents show the same information. Section L: Model structure: It explains the file name structure and the federation strategy. Section M: Project deliverables: It indicates the stage, the approximate due date Section N: Delivery strategy/Contract: It is addressed some specific measures to take considering the delivery method of the project. Also, it is established the team selection procedure. 2.12.3. International BIM toolkit (2020)-Cambridge University 2.12.3.1. EIR Template It is divided into three sections: introduction, information requirements, information standards and information production methods and procedures. In the introduction section is established the purpose of the exchange information requirements through goals and objectives. Those are closely related to the OIR, PIR and AIR. Also, this section points out what is expected as a pre-appointment BEP. Then, in the section information requirement it is stated the plan of work which is recommend being aligned to a national standard. Moreover, this section contains the information delivery milestone as the information management key performance indicator as well. Nevertheless, section 2.6 and 2.7 corresponding to project information model (PIM) and asset information model (AIM) respectively can be repetitive because all the expected outcomes (deliverables) were mentioned previously. The last section contains not only the information standards but also the information production methods and procedures. Within the sub-topics of information standards there are: information container identification or naming convention, common data environment requirements, method of assignment the level of information need, and information model quality. The level of information need is explained in this document through the level of detail and the level of information, which can be misleading Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 37 considering the definition in BS ISO 17412-1 (2020). Then, the information production methods and procedures are composed by the information management function which can use a RACI matrix considering the activities of the annex A of the ISO 19650-2 (2018), common data environment workflow, information exchange frequency, authorization and acceptance process. 2.12.4. Past dissertations: Terrosi, G. (2020) 2.12.4.1. EIR Template It is comprised of five sections: project general information, applicable standards, technical information, information management and plan of work. The technical information contains the following: model exchange formats, CDE platform, structure of the CDE and coordination system. The section named information management has roles and responsibilities, data segregation, security, collaboration, and issues management. Besides, there is a detail matrix of roles in the EIR template. This matrix is not a RACI, but it points out who is the responsible and who is contributor. Then, the data security table shows who has access to different deliverables. Finally, the plan of work divides the project in stages and present the deliverables. 2.12.4.2. BEP Template This template has eight sections which are the following: organigram, BIM coordination, RACI matrix, software, name convention, object library parameter, LOD and project milestone. The master information delivery plan (MIDP) is not developed in this BEP. The RACI matrix considers deliverables in the design stage and the roles taken into account as owner, BIM consultant, BIM manager, BIM coordinator and BIM modeler. About the level of development (LOD) is considered the specification of the BIMForum (i.e., a scale between 100 to 500). Also, there are recommended deliverables and an indication about who should be the responsible for presenting each deliverable in a meeting. 2.12.5. Past dissertations: Fontana, B. (2020) 2.12.5.1. Information Management Template This template is divided into four sections: management, technical, commercial, and legal. Bianca Fontana (2020) based this division considering PAS 1192-3 “Asset information requirements”. From this document it can be taken some elements for using in the production of an EIR, AIR and BEP. 2.12.6. Guidance Part D: Information requirements – EIR Template This template follows the line of thought depicted in the flowchart showed in section 2.8 of this dissertation. Then, a series of sections of the template are presented and the first one looks for establishing the relationship between the PIR and EIR through the purposes. The following table 2-EIR summaries and purposesintends to show that connection that must be between the project information requirement PIR and the exchange information requirement EIR. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 38 Table 2 - EIR summaries and purposes PIR EIR Information purpose – to support Then, the following table 3Pre-requisites for EIRstates those pre-requisites that will condition EIR. Table 3 – Pre-requisites for EIR Information is required to meet the purposes-to support. Information specifier/receiver Information provider Information delivery milestone After, this other table 4 -Specifying detail for structured informationshows the presentation of structured information: Table 4 - Specifying detail for structured information Item Content summary Form Format Information exchange date Plain language description Next, this table 5Specifying detail for unstructured informationshows the presentation of unstructured information: Table 5 - Specifying detail for unstructured information Item Content summary Form Format Information exchange date Plain language description Content comments Later, table 6-Content breakdown-geometrical information-, table 7-Content breakdownalphanumerical informationand table 8-Content breakdown-documentation informationshow the content breakdown of the information, first geometrical, then alphanumerical and finally documentation. Table 6 - Content Breakdown-Geometrical information Object Detail Dimensionality Location Appearance Parametric behavior Table 7 - Content Breakdown-Alphanumerical information Object (asset) MaximumWeightPerHook ElementWeight Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 39 Table 8 - Content Breakdown-Documentation information Object (asset) DocumentName DocumentCategory (based on classification) DocumentDescription Next, this table 9Metadata for alphanumerical informationshows the necessity to further indicate the nature of the expected content by given value types and units through metadata: Table 9 - Metadata for alphanumerical information Object and Attribute/Property Metadata 1 Data type Metadata 2 units Metadata 3 Example value Metadata 4 Placeholder value Nevertheless, when in the guidance is showed some examples related to health and safety, they introduce a slightly different and reduced template, as the following table 10-detailed EIR for health and safety: Table 10 - Detailed EIR for health and safety Information requirement Level of information need Acceptance criteria Supporting information Key date 2.13. Lean and BIM According to ISO 19650 series, building information modelling is about getting the right amount of information in different phases of a project such as design, construction and operation. It is said that this can be reached through better specification of information requirements. As it is pointed out by the guidance D of the UK BIM Framework (2022): “information management is to make sure that the right information is delivered to the right receiver at the right time in order to fulfill a specific purpose”. This last phrase is certainly close to the line of thought of Lean. There are some tools coming from the methodology of Lean Construction that can be applied in the BIM process. Those could be: Choosing by advantages (CBA), Set based design (SBD), Plus/Delta analysis, Ishikawa diagram and 5 whys analysis. Choosing by advantages consists of a structured comparison between different alternatives considering their attributes. This tool looks for avoiding bias analysis by comparing each attribute and pointing out the advantages of one over the other. The tool defines terms such as: factor, criteria and attributes as part of the methodology. Set based design (SBD) looks for the creation of different scenarios or in our sector could be different design alternatives, different construction methods, different materials. This tool fosters the creativity and innovation by asking a set of alternatives and looking for the most optimal according to different criteria. SBD can works closely with CBA. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 40 The analysis plus/delta is a collaboration meeting between stakeholders which is made at the end of the session. The objective of this tool is to point out what good practices are being made and what should be changed. This tool can help to detect deviations and to improve collaboration and productivity. Finally, Ishikawa diagram and 5 whys analysis look for identifying causes of a specific problem and by doing that to increase knowledge about a process. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 47 The CDE is described in section 7 (see figure 22EIR proposed template-section 7: CDE) considering both of aspects: workflow and as solution. This according to the ISO 19650-2. In sub-section 7.1 named CDE workflow is necessary to describe the detail how stakeholders are going to interact and dealing with information. This means, to establish the different process such as working in progress, shared, published and archive of the information. This can be made with a process map or by describing step by step the entire process. Sub-section 7.2 called CDE solution explains the technology, the software, the necessary hardware for working in the common data environment. It is important to give details in order to avoid delays in the use of the CDE. Figure 22 - EIR proposed template-section 7: CDE Section 8 (see figure 23EIR proposed template-section 8: Capturing lesson learned) is dedicated to describe what is expected from the prospective lead appointed party for capturing lesson learned. This section describes what is expected to do from the prospective lead appointing party for capturing lessons learned. The collaboration that is need from this role and the responsibility must be described for avoiding misunderstanding and lack of commitment. Figure 23 - EIR proposed template-section 8: Capturing lesson learned 3.4. Pre BEP This is the template that should be delivered to the prospective lead appointing party for filling according of how the information management are going to be handled. This pre BEP template once was completed in the tender process will be assessed by the appointing party. It is composed by seven sections. In section 1 (see figure 24Pre BEP proposed template-section 1: Details of individuals undertaking the information management). describes the professional experience of those individuals who will be responsible for information management. This section must be completed considering the capacity and capability assessment that also must be delivered by the prospective lead appointing party. By assuring that the right people are on board, it will assure to fulfill the expectation of the appointing party. An appointing party should evaluate if the experience presented are relevant for the task in hand. It is a good practice to ask for a presentation of the team in a meeting where some questions arise in order to measure the appropriateness of the team. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 48 Figure 24 - Pre BEP proposed template-section 1: Details of individuals undertaking the information management The following section 2 (see figure 25Pre BEP proposed template-section 2: Proposed information delivery strategy) divides the information delivery strategy in seven different dimensions: delivery team scope, delivery team organizational structure and composition, objectives/goals for the collaborative production of information, approach to meet the EIR, quality assurance and quality control. This section pretends to measure the level of understanding and experience of the prospective lead appointing party by addressing different issues. First, by clearly stating what the scope and second by presenting the composition and structure of the team. Then, objectives for the collaborative production of information must be specific and achievable this will help to express the team approach to meet the exchange information requirements. Finally, as part of the work how the quality assurance in the entire process and how quality control will be carry out by the prospective lead appointing party are the last two sub-sections. Figure 25 - Pre BEP proposed template-section 2: Proposed information delivery strategy Section 3 defines the proposed federation strategy, and it is showed in the following figure 26Pre BEP proposed template-section 3: Proposed federation strategy). It is divided in seven sub-sections: define strategy, BIM process design, breakdown structure, model delivery, project meetings, electronic communication, and coordination milestones. The first sub-section of this part is the definition of the strategy and the supporting elements of how to handle the federation. Then, a description or a diagram that explains the entire process (activities, flow Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 49 and stakeholders) of federation is asked in sub-section 3.2. Later, a list or a diagram of the components of the federation in what is called the breakdown structure is required in sub-section 3.3. The last four sections: model delivery, project meetings, electronic communication and coordination milestones address the collaboration environment that is needed. For instance, in the sub-section model delivery the definition of what information will be delivered, when, in what frequency and format are required. Also, a list of proposed project meeting and a description of a general structure of those meeting are necessary in sub section 3.5. The use of electronic communication must be clearly specified above the platform or CDE used. Finally, as a result of the model delivery and project meeting subsections is the interest to state which are the important milestones considering the coordination and federation of the project information model. Figure 26 - Pre BEP proposed template-section 3: Proposed federation strategy To establish a high-level responsibility matrix that matches deliverables and roles is asked in section 4 of the template (see figure 27Pre BEP proposed template-section 4: High level responsibility matrix). A table connecting the deliverables and roles of the prospective lead appointed party is asked in this sub-section. The detail and granularity of this matrix will show the level of understanding and experience that will be assessed by the appointing party. Figure 27 - Pre BEP proposed template-section 4: High level responsibility matrix Section 5 is focused on the description of the software and hardware needed to implement the information delivery management strategy. This section also includes an OpenBIM approach and it asked to the prospective lead appointing party how is planned to use the IFC protocol, MVDs, BCF and IDS (see figure 28Pre BEP proposed template-section 5: Confirmed schedule of software, hardware and IT). The description of the software solutions and the necessity of hardware are key elements to Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 50 evaluate, and the two sub-sections address them. Moreover, the third sub-section ask for a description of how an OpenBIM approach will be implemented by the prospective lead appointing party. Figure 28 - Pre BEP proposed template-section 5: Confirmed schedule of software, hardware and IT It is in section 6 that the prospective lead appointing party is asked to analyze and give feedback to the information methods and procedures prepared by the appointing party (see figure 29Pre BEP proposed template-section 6: Proposed adds/amends to project´s methods and procedures). After an analysis of what was received as information methods and procedures. It is expected that the prospective lead appointing party is able to propose changes or improvements by supporting its suggestions with the aim to make it more feasible and with more value (lean approach) to reach the exchange information requirements Figure 29 - Pre BEP proposed template-section 6: Proposed adds/amends to project´s methods and procedures The prospective lead appointing party is required to propose changes or improvements to the project information standards. This is made in section 7 of the template (see figure 30-Pre BEP proposed template-section 7: Proposed adds/amends to project´s information standards). After an analysis of what was received as information standards. It is expected that the prospective lead appointing party is able to propose changes or improvements by supporting its suggestions with the aim to make it more feasible and with more value (lean approach) to reach the exchange information requirements. Figure 30 - Pre BEP proposed template-section 7: Proposed adds/amends to project´s information standards Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 51 3.5. Information Standards It is proposed a series of standards as a reference for consideration of an appointing party. It is assumed in this proposal that is of interest to implement ISO 19650 series and an OpenBIM approach. Then, the appointing party can agree with this minimum list (see figure 31-Information standards proposed template) or to include other standards as ISO 7200 for considering technical product documentation or other standards as the National CAD Standards of USA. Figure 31 - Information standards proposed template 3.6. Information Methods and Procedures This proposed template contains four sections (see figure 32Information methods and procedures proposed template-section 1: Capturing of existing asset information). The first of them pretends to list and deliver any previous information of the asset to be built, here it can be used a cross reference to section 1 of the template “reference information and shared resource”. The appointing party must collect any information that brings value to the project, and this must be available to the prospective lead appointing party. This is important for taking into consideration in the tender response. Then, this section must describe the type and nature of the existing information. Figure 32 - Information Methods and Procedures proposed template-section 1: Capturing of existing asset information In section 2 is described the generation, review, and approval process. This section is divided in nine sub-sections: process map, production of information, federation strategy, intermediate reviews and verification (peer review), option appraisal/set based design, design change control, responsibility matrix, coordinates, and technology/file formats. See figure 33Information methods and procedures proposed template-section 2: Generation, review or approval of new information. In this section the appointing party establishes some guidelines. First, a general process map can be shared by the appointing party, this is a general process, and it shows how the appointing party consider the development of the process. Then, an explanation about how the production of information should Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 52 be from the perspective of the appointing party. Later, a federation strategy overview is described as a guideline. Sub-section 2.4 states the necessity of revision of the progress as a verification that the work has been doing as planned and according the EIR and other resources such as the information standards and information methods and procedures. Then, in sub-section 2.5 the appointing party asks for the consideration of some options for the design, this is known as set based design in the lean construction community. As any project, it is expected to have some changes in the process. So, a mechanism of design change control must be established by the appointing party for avoiding claims and issues. Then, in sub-section 2.7 is shown a responsibility matrix that contains the roles of the appointing party with the deliverable of information that this appointing party is in charge. Later, if it is known the coordinates (datum) of the project, they are shared. Finally, the sub-section 2.9 should describe some considerations of the technology to use and the necessity of implement an OpenBIM approach. Figure 33 - Information Methods and Procedures proposed template-section 2: Generation, review or approval of new information Any condition or restriction about security of the information is addressed by the appointing party in section 3 (see figure 34Information methods and procedures proposed template-section 3: Security of distribution of information). In this section is expected to complete the conditions, and requirements for the use of information. To follow the guidelines of ISO 19650-5 is a guarantee to maintain a security standard for the treatment of sensitive information. Also, it is important to define access requirements. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 53 Figure 34 - Information Methods and Procedures proposed template-section 3: Security of distribution of information The delivery process that includes quality assurance and quality control that is expected by the appointing party is described in section 4 (see figure 35-Information methods and procedures proposed template-section 4: Delivery of information to the appointing party). This section starts by describing the manner or protocol for delivering information to the appointing party. This includes necessity to include a quality assurance and quality control in different points of inspections of the process. Figure 35 - Information Methods and Procedures proposed template-section 4: Delivery of information to the appointing party 3.7. Information Protocol This is a proposal of the structure of an Information Protocol (see figure 36-Information protocol proposed template-structure). In the sense it pretends to make it easier for an appointing party to start its BIM journey. In this "proposal information protocol" is the intention to recommend what should be taken into account in this document, but it does not give specific clauses. The UK BIM Framework shows an exhaustive example with clauses that the author of the dissertation found relevant for its implementation with some minor recommendations. Specific recommendations in each section are described. Section 1: Information Particulars The importance of this first front page comes because it highlighted the most relevant documents or resources in the appointment. It is necessary to complete in detail by describing each item in the information particular showed in the UK BIM framework. Section 2: Interpretation It can be recommended to change clause 1.2: "provide or deliver information management according to the UK BIM Framework", instead of UK BIM Framework it should be: ISO 19650 series. Apart from that, the clause 1.5 is important because it establishes an order of precedence between documents when a conflict or inconsistency arises. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 54 Section 3: Obligations of the appointing party As an appointing party it is necessary to maintain updated the Information Particulars. Also, it is an obligation to carry a sensitivity assessment. Section 4: Obligation of the appointee and appointor This section in the template of UK BIM framework creates confusion to include the term "prepared documents" instead of "information deliverables" or "resources". Besides, the appointee and appointor must comply with security requirements. Finally, this protocol must be incorporated in all appointments, it must cascade. Section 5: CDE solution and workflow Clause 5.1 of the UK BIM template should change a little in order to add an OpenBIM approach because now how is written in the template aforementioned it does not give any room for interoperability. Then, it can consider to include: "the appointee shall use an OpenBIM approach for assuring interoperability between stakeholders. For instance, by defining appropriate MVDs according to the IFC schema selected (2x3 or 4). Section 6: Use of information It is about given grants and licenses for using the "Material". So, it is relevant that the appointing party must read and consider this clause. Consider to change the term “material” for resources or information deliverables. Section 7: Transfer of information It is recommended to use the term "exchange information requirements" instead of "works information requirements" that is the one used in the NEC contract. Also, it is mentioned that the appointee shall prepare a Risk assessment. Finally, it is said that the appointee shall help to capture lessons learn by providing relevant information. Section 8: Liability It is stated there is not liability if the information is used in other purpose not declared in the exchange information requirement (i.e., level of information need). Section 9: Remedies-security It specifies the procedure of termination when there is a breach from the appointee. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 55 Figure 36 - Information Protocol proposed template-structure 3.8. Response Requirements and Evaluation Criteria The section 1 points out what is expected to receive from the prospective lead appointing party as part of the response tender. Here the appointing party can agree with the 4 requirements that consist of the presentation of: pre BEP, mobilization plan, risk assessment and the team´s capability and capacity (see figure 37Response requirements and evaluation criteria proposed template-section 1: response requirements). There is room to add another resource required but this will be different from the ones recommended by the ISO 19650 series. Figure 37 - Response requirements and Evaluation Criteria proposed template-section 1: Response requirements Then, the evaluation criteria is explicitly written in order to reach transparency in the tendering process. This section points out the six factors for evaluation of each tender response (see figure 38-Response requirements and evaluation criteria proposed template-section 2: evaluation criteria). Those factors are technical, competency, quality, economical, mobilization plan and risk register. It can be included other criteria as well according to the requirement of the appointing party. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 56 Figure 38 - Response requirements and Evaluation Criteria proposed template-section 2: Evaluation criteria In section 3 is shown the templates for using the tool of lean construction called “choosing by advantages” CBA. The sub-section 3.1 (see figure 39Response requirements and evaluation criteria proposed template-sub-section 3.1: using choosing by advantages CBA) consists of the factors and criteria to be considered in this methodology. This methodology defines the concepts of factor and criteria, those factors were stated in section 2 and now the criteria is defined. The criteria is the desired requirement considering an specific factor. Also, it can be understood this term criteria as the specification or description of the factor. In the template, it is presented a common criteria that can be considered by the appointing party. Figure 39 - Response requirements and Evaluation Criteria proposed template-sub-section 3.1: Using choosing by advantages CBA Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 63 3.13. Master Information Delivery Plan - MIDP It is proposed a Master Information Delivery Plan (MIDP) as a template to be delivered to the lead appointing party in order to comply with some requirements at the moment of elaboration of the MIDP: information container (name and title), delivery milestone (dates), predecessor, duration (production), time to review for lead appointed party, time to review and acceptance for appointing party, responsible/actor, and level of information need. The appointing party does not need to complete anything about the master information delivery plan MIDP. The objective to propose a template is to facilitate the analysis of what is presented by the lead appointed party and to make sure is included some important details. For instance, the time for review that needs not only the lead appointed party, but also the appointing party is crucial for consideration in the entire information delivery process. Also, it is of particular interest the match that the lead appointed party must do between the information container, deliver milestone, predecessors, and level of information need. The form of this MIDP is a table, but it can also be presented as a Gantt diagram as a complement. The following figure 51MIDP proposed templateshows the structure of the template. Figure 51 - MIDP proposed template Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 64 This page is intentionally left blank Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 65 4. VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS 4.1. 1st Round of Interviews –Validation Process This first round of interviews has the aim to make an introductory exploration of the knowledge level of 3 experts. Those experts came from the industry and their day-to-day they deal with information management using BIM. During the interviews were asked about specific topics such as: ISO 19650 series and OpenBIM and some tools about Lean Construction. Those interviews consist of five open questions. In the following, it is showed the answers and statistics for each one. The first question was “are you aware of ISO 19650 series?” and the responses were that all experts were acquainted about the ISO 19650 series and two-thirds pointed out that they have a referential knowledge or just about part 1 of ISO 19650. The second question was “How do you rate your knowledge about ISO 19650 series? Limited, regular, good or excellent”. The responses go from limited to good. One third of the answers mentioned limited, other third regular, and the last third good. The third question was “Are you aware of OpenBIM approach?”. All of the interviewees mentioned that they know about OpenBIM but in different levels. One of them mentioned IFC as part of the OpenBIM and other interviewee explained that OpenBIM consist of sharing information freely. The fourth question was “How do you rate your knowledge about OpenBIM? Limited, regular, good or excellent. Two-thirds of the answers mentioned “limited” as the level of knowledge and just one-third pointed out as “good” level. The last question was “How do you define the information requirements for a project?”. One of the interviewees mentioned that the information requirement needs to be specific and related to the nature or type of project, for buildings are different from lineal projects. Also, that those information requirements need to be elaborated by the client or a third party in its representation, but not for the contractor. This in order to maintain transparency in the workflow. Then, another interviewee stated that the objectives must be taken into account for formulating the information requirements. Besides, other interviewee started answering about a request for information requirements as a manner of dealing with a scope not properly defined. Through this first interview it can be considered that ISO 19650 is slightly better known than OpenBIM standards. Nevertheless, this does not mean that knowledge about ISO 19650 series is depth between interviewees. There is a convergence about the importance for defining information requirements which must be adjusted or aligned to the goals or expectations of the client or in terms of the ISO 19650 the appointing party. The answers collected in this first round of interviews will help to weight the answers, comments, and suggestions coming from the interviewees in the second round of interviews and in the survey. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 66 4.2. Survey –Validation Process In this second part of the validation process the specific objective was to test different sections or parts of the proposed templates and the technical guide through 29 questions in a survey using the Likert scale and 6 open questions to capture in more detail some of the considerations of the experts. There were the same interviewees than in the first round. Also, the survey is divided according to the proposed template and the specific section or consideration that is required to test. Survey Section 1: OIR proposed template In table 11OIR proposed template questionis shown the questions and results obtained. Table 11 - OIR proposed template questions Two-thirds of the interviewees answered as “totally agree” and one-third as “agree” to the question about mapping the mission, vision, and value of the organization. In the second question people answered to be at least agree for including this separation between goals and objectives. The third question in this section was about to classify the activities of the organization between: strategic, tactical and operational. Here, the experts have a divided position: neutral, agree and totally agree. The majority of them are at least “agree” to classify those activities. Survey Section 2: PIR proposed template In this section was proposed to include a specific plan of work and all participants were at least “agree” with the statement. Moreover, two-thirds of them were “agree”. The second question is about the importance to incorporate in the template a table of key decision points, all participants were at least “agree” to include it. Table 12 – PIR proposed template questionshows the results. Table 12 - PIR proposed template questions Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 67 Survey Section 3: EIR proposed template Table 13EIR proposed template questionshows the questions and results for this section. Interviewees in the first question of this section mentioned to be agreed with the use of the framework of level of information need, 67% of them indicated the level of “agree”, and only 33% “totally agree”. There are some comments from the participants in this regard that will be analyzed in the sub-section 4.4 of this dissertation. Table 13 - EIR proposed template questions In the second question of this section, it addresses the necessity to distinguish between “key decision points” and “information delivery milestones”, the answers are divided between neutral, agree and totally agree in equal proportion. The participant mentioned different comments that will be analyzed in sub-section 4.4 of this dissertation. The last question is about what should have the introduction section of the template. It is presented the following parts: project scope, project details and project constraints. The results shows that all participants are at least “agree” with the content. Survey Section 4: Pre BEP proposed template Table 14Pre BEP proposed template questionsshows the questions and results for this section. The first question of this section is about the inclusion of OpenBIM by asking to define which IFC protocol, MVDs, BCF and IDS are going to be used in the information production process and the results shows that 67% of participant market “totally agree” and 33% “agree”. There are some comments to analyze in sub-section 4.4 of this dissertation. Table 14 - Pre BEP proposed template questions The second question is about the inclusion of a process map as part of the template. The results are divided and go from “disagree”, “neutral” and “totally agree”. There are different comments from the participants in this question that will be showed and analyzed in sub-section 4.4 of this dissertation. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 68 The last question in this section, and it is about the consideration for quality assurance and quality control in the Pre BEP. The results show a divided position between the participants because 33% of them marked a “neutral” position, another 33% marked “agree” and the rest indicated “totally agree”. Survey Section 5: Information Standards proposed template Table 15Information standards proposed template questionsshows the questions and results for this section. This first question of the section points out the necessity to be more specific about what is mandatory to consider in the information production about the different standards. This “description” column included in the template pretend to be more specific about what is important in respect to a specific standard. The results show that 33% of the participants marked “disagree” and 67% marked “agree”. Table 15 - Information standards proposed template questions The last question of the section shows a divided position between the participants about considering the “information standards” as a separate resource from the EIR. In this sense, 33% of participants marked “disagree”, 33% “neutral” and the rest “agree”. There are some comments from the interviewees that will be showed and analyzed in sub-section 4.4. Survey Section 6: Information Methods and Procedures proposed template Table 16Information methods and procedures proposed template questionshows the question and results for this section. This question wanted to know the position of the participants about to have the “information methods and procedures” as a separate document from the EIR. The results shows that 33% marked “neutral” and 67% marked “agree”. There are some comments from the interviewees that will be shown and analyzed in sub-section 4.4. Table 16 - Information methods and procedures proposed template question Survey Section 7: Information Protocol proposed template Since in the information protocol the term “material” is used to refer a resources or deliverable. In the first question of this section 67% of the participants are not willing to use the term “material”, they prefer the terms “resources” or “deliverables” as appropriate. On the other hand, 33% of the interviewees Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 69 are willing to use the term “material” as used in the information protocol template. In sub-section 4.4 is discussed this term. Table 17Information protocol proposed template questionsshows the questions and results for this section. Table 17 - Information protocol proposed template questions Since in the information protocol the term “prepared documents” is used to refer resources or deliverables. In the second question of this section 100% of the participants are not willing to use the term “prepared documents”, they prefer the terms “resources” or “deliverables” as appropriate. In subsection 4.4 is discussed this term according to the comments of the participants. Then, in the information protocol the term “works information requirements” is used to refer to the exchange information requirements. In the last question of this section 67% of the participants are not willing to use the term “works information requirements”, they prefer the terms “exchange information requirements”. On the other hand, 33% of the interviewees are willing to use the term “works information requirements” as used in the information protocol template of the UK BIM Framework. In sub-section 4.4 is discussed this term and the comments given by the participants in this regard. Survey Section 8: Response requirements and Evaluation Criteria proposed template Table 18Response requirements and evaluation criteria proposed template questionsshows the questions and results for this section. This first question of the section intends to measure the willingness of the participants for implementing a tool of Lean Construction as “Choosing by advantages (CBA)” for this template. All the interviewees marked “agree”. Table 18 - Response requirements and Evaluation Criteria proposed template questions In the last question of this section, as part of the procedure for implementing CBA is necessary to define the factors for evaluation, then it was asked if those factors considered are adequate. All participants agree with those six factors. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 70 Survey Section 9: Reference Information and Shared Resource proposed template Table 19Reference information and shared resource proposed template questionsshows the questions and results for this section. All interviewees mentioned to be agreed to include a section for “product data template” as part of the proposed “reference information and shared resource”. Table 19 - Reference Information and Shared Resource proposed template questions The positions of the experts are divided in the question about “presentation styles”. The answers go from disagree, neutral and agree. There are comments from the participants that will be discussed in subsection 4.4. The consensus of the participants in last question of the section about including object libraries as part of the “reference information and shared resources”. Survey Section 10: Review and Accept the model proposed template Table 20Review and accept model proposed template questionsshows the question and results for this section. It was asked if it is appropriate to consider five different references (see table 20) to take into account for the review and accept process. All participants are at least “agree” from them 33% marked “totally agree”. Table 20 - Review and Accept the model proposed template question Survey Section 11: Lesson Learned proposed template Table 21Lesson learned proposed template questionsshows the questions and results for this section. The first question of this section pretends to measure the willingness to include a tool from Lean Construction named “plus/delta analysis” for capturing lessons learned on a recurring basis. 67% of the participants expressed they agree and 33% “totally agree”. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 71 Table 21 - Lesson Learned proposed template questions In the second question of this section, all participants are willing to use the tools “Ishikawa diagram” or “five whys” for the analysis of causes when capturing lessons learned at the end of the appointment or project. Survey Section 12: Archive Project Information Model proposed template Table 22Archive project information model proposed template questionshows the question and results for this section. All participants agree about the criteria considered for selecting information to be archived. Table 22 - Archive Project Information Model proposed template question Survey Section 13: Master Information Delivery Plan proposed template Table 23Master information delivery plan proposed template questionsshows the questions and results for this section. In the Master Information Delivery Plan (MIDP) template was added an explicit column for showing the time that will take to review and to accept for the appointing party. All participants agree to include this time according to the first question of this section. Table 23 - Master Information Delivery Plan proposed template questions Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 72 In the MIDP template was added an explicit column for showing the time that will take to review for the lead appointing party. 67% of the participants expresses to be agreed and 33% marked “totally agree”. In the proposed template (MIDP) was added an explicit column for making a cross-reference to the level of information need and to show in a crystal-clear manner what corresponds to each deliverable or information container. All participants express to be agreed. 4.3. 2nd Round of Interviews –Validation Process There were six open questions which aim to develop further a position from the interviewee. Following it is presented those questions with relevant comments from the participants. The first question was about “What other details do you suggest for the introduction section of the EIR template?”. It was pointed out to make a cross reference to the specification or previous information of the project. Also, it was mentioned to add a narrative description of the real expectations from the perspective of the appointing party in the implementation of BIM. The second question was about “What other consideration do you suggest for the Review and Accept Model?”. The participants agreed with the criteria considered in the template and no further comments were added. The third question was about “What other consideration do you suggest for archiving the project information model?”. There is a comment form one of the experts about public projects and consist of revising which information can be valuable for future project not only of the appointing party (a governmental institution) but for other institutions as well. For instance, all the geotechnical information and topography of an area could be useful for other projects. The fourth question was about: “Do you consider a technical guide should explain and give recommendations about how to complete the templates?”. All interviewees agree that is necessary to have a document with recommendations of how to complete the templates. One of the participants mentioned this will help to clarify doubts and to facilitate the mind change that BIM is just a 3D model. The fifth question was about “How do you improve these templates?”. One of the participants stated that is necessary to include an implementation plan linked to change management that can take the form of regular meetings explaining to the stakeholders what the aim of the BIM implementation is. Other interviewee mentioned that is necessary to get the involvement of the stakeholders in the process to reach the goals. Also, to include a period evaluation about what should be done and what was done. Besides, another participant pointed out that all information (including these templates) should be in the common data environment. The sixth and last question was about “what kind of problems do you have when defining information requirements for your project?”. One of the participants pointed out it is necessary to consider the type or the nature of the project when defining information requirements. Another interviewee insists on the difficulty of getting people eager to collaborate in the process and to achieve the compromise of the stakeholders. Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 79 UK BIM Alliance (20199: “Information management according to BS EN ISO 19650 Guidance Part 1: Concepts”. Available at https://www.ukbimalliance.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/04/Information-Management-according-to-BS-EN-ISO-19650_Guidance-Part-1_Concepts_2ndEdition.pdf (Accessed: 12 May 2022) UK BIM Alliance (2021): “Information Protocol Guidance”. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xkd2mq6iBSc (Accessed: 29 May 2022). Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 80 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Example: BCF BEP BIM CBA EIR IDS IFC MIDP MVD OIR PIR SBD BIM Collaboration Format BIM Execution Plan Building Information Modelling Choosing by Advantages Exchange Information Requirements Information Delivery Specification Industry Foundation Classes Master Information Delivery Plan Model View Definition Organizational Information Requirements Project Information Requirements Set based Design Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 81 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: INFORMATION MANAGEMENTE FUNCTION ASSIGNMENT MATRIX Extracted from Guidance A: Activities 2.1 to 2.3 Extracted from Guidance A: Activities 2.4 Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 82 Extracted from Guidance A: Activities 3.8 to 4.1 Extracted from Guidance A: Activities 4.5 to 4.7 Extracted from Guidance A: Activities 5.3 to 8.2 Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 83 APPENDIX 2: PROPOSED TEMPLATES Organizational Information Requirements - OIR Project Information Requirements – PIR Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 84 Exchange Information Requirements - EIR Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 85 Pre BEP template Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 86 Information Standards Information Methods and Procedures Information Protocol Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 87 Response Requirements and Evaluation Criteria Appointing parties and OpenBIM in the context of ISO 19650 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ 88 Reference Information and Shared Resource