Typification of Carex helodes Link, Carex laevigata Sm. and Carex patula Link ex Schkuhr (Cyperaceae)

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251875204 Typification of Carex helodes Link, Carex laevigata Sm. and Carex patula Link ex Schkuhr (Cyperaceae) ArticleinCandollea · January 2009 CITATION 1 READS 148 3 authors: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: The bipolar distribution in angiosperms View project Holocentric chromosome evolution and the origins of biodiversity in a hyper-diverse plant lineage View project Modesto Luceño Garcés Universidad Pablo de Olavide 204 PUBLICATIONS1,433 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Marcial Escudero Universidad de Sevilla 85 PUBLICATIONS843 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Felix Muñoz Spanish National Research Council 54 PUBLICATIONS267 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Marcial Escudero on 01 June 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Addresses of the authors: ML, ME: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University. Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013-Sevilla, Spain. Email (ML): [email protected] FMG: Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid, CSIC. Pza. Murillo nº 2, 28014-Madrid, Spain. Submitted on January 21, 2008. Accepted on January 12, 2009. Edited by P. Bungener ISSN: 0373-2967 Candollea 64(1): 39-43 (2009) © CONSERVATOIRE ET JARDIN BOTANIQUES DE GENÈVE 2009 Typification of the names of Carex helodes Link, Carex laevigata Sm. and Carex patula Schkuhr (Cyperaceae) Modesto Luceño, Marcial Escudero & Feliz Muñoz Garmendia Abstract LUCEÑO, M., M. ESCUDERO & F. MUÑOZ GARMENDIA (2009). Typification of the names of Carex helodes Link, Carex laevigata Sm. and Carex patula Schkuhr (Cyperaceae). Candollea 64: 39-43. In English, English and French abstracts. The name of Carex helodes Link is neotypified. This species has been erroneously considered as a synonym of Carex laevigata Sm. and Carex patula Schkuhr, which the names are also lectotypified. Each type is illustrated and discussed. Key-words CYPERACEAE – Carex – Typification Résumé LUCEÑO, M., M. ESCUDERO & F. MUÑOZ GARMENDIA (2009). Typification des noms de Carex helodes Link, Carex laevigata Sm. et Carex patula Schkuhr (Cyperaceae). Candollea 64: 39-43. En anglais, résumés anglais et français. Le nom de Carex helodes Link est néotypifié. Cette espèce a été considérée de manière erronée comme un synonyme de Carex laevigata Sm. et Carex patula Schkuhr dont les noms sont aussi lectotypifiés. Chaque type est illustré et discuté. 40 – Candollea 64, 2009 Introduction Carex helodes Link was described in 1800 on specimens gathered by the author in central-south Portugal, who circumscribed this species as follows: “spicula masculae 1-3 terminales elongatae, squamis lanceolato-linearibus acutis fuscis; feminae 3-4, axillares, pedicellatae, erectae…”. Two months before the publication of C. helodes, the species C. laevigata Sm. was described from Scotland by Sir James Edward Smith. The latter taxon, distributed in western Europe and NW Africa, is characterized by a single male spike (rarely two), acuminate, pale brown female glumes and a usually pendent lower female spike. KÜKENTHAL (1909) considered Smith’s species a synonym of that described by Link, and referred all specimens analysed to C. helodes, a taxonomic decision which was followed by several authors (SAMPAIO, 1908-1909; MAIRE, 1957; VICIOSO, 1959). Surprisingly, CHATER (1980), in his account of European species of Carex L., only mentioned “C. helodes auct., non Link” as a synonym of C. laevigata, but did not mention the genuine C. helodes. At the beginning of the twentieth century, C. intacta Samp. was described from south Portugal. He differentiated the new species from C. laevigata by having “spicae masculae 2- 7, ferruginae [...] ceterae 2-3 feminae, interdum androgynae [...] omnes squamis castaneis, oblongis, obtusisve emarginatis et longe mucronatis”. However, some years later, SAMPAIO (1921) himself, based on Links diagnosis, reduced C. intacta to synonym with C. helodes. LUCEÑO (1992), using morphological and cytogenetic data, emphasized the taxonomical status of C. helodes as a separate species different from C. laevigata and lectotypified Sampaios C. intacta. Furthermore, LUCEÑO (1992) added a diagnostic character, viz. epiphyllously rough throughout, to those given by SAMPAIO (1908-1909, 1921). Subsequent DNA sequence and ecological analyses (ESCUDERO & al., 2008a; ESCUDERO & al., 2008b) have been conducted, based on Portuguese populations and recently found Moroccan and Spanish populations of C. helodes (LUCEÑO & ESCUDERO, 2006; LUCEÑO & al., 2007). These studies revealed not only the monophyly of this species but also its clear and well supported independence from C. laevigata. Most of Link’s herbarium is conserved at B (CHAUDHRI & al., 1972; STAFLEU & COWAN, 1981), but no C. helodes material collected by Link is maintained, and C. helodes is not included in the Cyperaceae checklist of B (BOECKELER, 1867-1868, 1869- 1870, 1871-1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877). Moreover, KÜKENTHAL (1909), who undoubtedly revised the Carex material in B, did not mention any herbarium specimens of C. helodes collected by Link. Hence, one can conclude that type material of C. helodes was probably never preserved at B. On the other hand, C. patula Schkuhr was described in Portugal. Schkuhr did not exclude the possibility that the Portuguese specimens received from Link, which he used for the description of this species, could also belong to C. helodes. However, he emphasized the presence of solitary male spikes in the collections examined, in contrast to Link’s diagnosis of C. helodes (1-3 male spikes), and admitted that he had never seen C. helodes material. As there is no specimen of C. patula in Schkuhrs herbarium at HAL (BRAUN & WERNER, 2007), we designate the figure 116 as the lectotype. This figure shows a rather typical specimen of C. laevigata, which is concordant with BOECKELER, 1867-1868, 1869-1870, 1871-1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877) that C. patula is just a synonym of C. laevigata. We have consulted numerous herbaria in addition to those that conserve plants collected by Link, but failed in finding any authentic collections attributable to C. helodes. Based on the description given by Link, C. helodes does not correspond to C. laevigata, since this species displays 1(-2) male spikes and a pendent lowest female spike including pale brown glumes instead of “fuscis” glumes as stated in Link’s protologue. For the above mentioned reasons, we consider C. helodes being the adequate binomial for the sedge species occurring in the SW of the Iberian Peninsula and the NW of Morocco, which was later described by SAMPAIO (1908-1909) as C. intacta. Due to a low likelihood to find type material of C. helodes, the selection of a neotype is, in our opinion, the best solution to solve an old nomenclatural problem and the confusion about two well defined species. Furthermore, it seems that C. helodes is now extinct at its classical locality (Setubal). Consequently, we propose a neotypification. Typifications Carex helodes Link in J. Bot. (Schrader) 2: 309. 1800. Neotypus (designated here): PORTUGAL. Algarve: between Bispo and Barranco Velho, seasonally inundated grassland in forest of Quercus suber, 37º1347”N 7º5559”W, 491 m, 23.V.2006, Luceño, M., M. Escudero & P. Jiménez s.n. (UPOS 1925; iso-: B, BC, BM, C, COI, G, K, LE, LISE, LISI, LISU, MA, NY, O, P, SEV, UPOS) (Fig. 1). =C. intacta Samp. in Bol. Soc. Brot. 24: 118. 1908-1909. Lectotypus (designated by LUCEÑO, 1992): PORTUGAL. Baixo Alentejo: Odemira, Pego das Pías, IV.1905, s.coll. (O[0563GS]). Typification of the names of Carex helodes Link, Carex laevigata Sm. and Carex patula Schkuhr (Cyperaceae) – 41 Fig. 1. – Neotype of Carex helodes Link. [Luceño & al. s.n., UPOS] [© University Pablo de Olavide. Reproduced with permission] 42 – Candollea 64, 2009 Fig. 2. – Lectotypus of C. laevigata Sm. [specimen in the left side, with the arrow]. [s.coll., LINN-SM] [© Linnean Society of London. Reproduced with permission] Carex laevigata Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 5: 272. 1800. Lectotypus (here designated): SCOTLAND. Central Scotland: marsh near Glasgow, 1796, Mackai 44 (LINN-SM [1441.196] (Fig. 2, with the arrow). = C. patula Schkuhr, Beschr. Riedgräs.: 115. 1801. Lectotypus (designated here): [icon] Schkuhr, Beschr. Riedgräs: 115, tab. 286, fig. 116. 1801. Note. – The sheet lacks labels, but there is a handwritten text by Smith which reads “marsh near Glasgow. Mackai. 1796. n. 44 & 1797. n. 6”. This agrees exactly with the protologue, except for the year (probably due to a mistake made by Smith). Nevertheless, there is no doubt that this sheet represents type material. Acknowledgements We thank C. Jarvis (BM) and the Linnean Society of London for providing a digital picture of type material of Carex laevigata and U. Braun for supplying valuable information about Schkuhrs herbarium. References BOECKELER, O. (1867-1868). Die Cyperaceen des Königlichen Herbariums zu Berlin. Linnaea 35: 397-612. BOECKELER, O. (1869-1870). Die Cyperaceen des Königlichen Herbariums zu Berlin. Linnaea 36: 271-512, 691-798. BOECKELER, O. (1871-1873). Die Cyperaceen des Königlichen Herbariums zu Berlin. Linnaea 37: 1-142, 520-647. BOECKELER, O. (1874). Die Cyperaceen des Königlichen Herbariums zu Berlin. Linnaea 38: 223-544. BOECKELER, O. (1875). Die Cyperaceen des Königlichen Herbariums zu Berlin. Linnaea 39: 1-152. BOECKELER, O. (1876). Die Cyperaceen des Königlichen Herbariums zu Berlin. Linnaea 40: 327-452. BOECKELER, O. (1877). Die Cyperaceen des Königlichen Herbariums zu Berlin. Linnaea 41: 145-356. BRAUN, U. & K WERNER (2007). Type material in the Herbarium of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (HAL) – Carex species in the herbarium of C. Schkuhr. Schlechtendalia 16: 33-40. CHATER, A. O. (1980). Carex L. In: TUTIN, T. G. & al. (ed.), Fl. Eur. 5: 290-323. CHAUDHRI, M. N., I. H. VEGTER & C. M. DE WAL (1972). Index herbariorum: a guide to the location and contents of the world’s public herbaria. Part II(3). Collectors I-L. I. Regnum Veg. 86. ESCUDERO, M., V. VALCÁRCEL, P. VARGAS & M. LUCEÑO (2008a). Evolution in Carex L. sect. Spirostachyae (Cyperaceae). A molecular & cytogenetic approach. Organisms Diversity Evol. 7: 271-291. ESCUDERO, M., V. VALCÁRCEL, P. VARGAS & M. LUCEÑO (2008b). Strait of Gibraltar: an effective gene flow barrier for wind-polli- nated Carex helodes (Cyperaceae) as revealed by DNA sequences, AFLP, and cytogenetic variation. Amer. J. Bot. 95: 745-755. KÜKENTHAL, G. (1909). Cyperaceae-Caricoideae. In: ENGLER, A. (ed.), Pflanzenr. IV(20). LUCEÑO, M. (1992). Estudios en la sección Spirostachyae (Drejer) Bailey del género Carex. I. Revalorización de C. helodes Link. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 50: 73-81. LUCEÑO, M. & M. ESCUDERO (2006). Carex helodes Link novedad para el continente africano. Acta Bot. Malacitana 31: 209-210. LUCEÑO, M., M. ESCUDERO & P. JIMÉNEZ-MEJÍAS (2007). Hallazgo de dos nuevas poblaciones de Carex helodes: una especie declarada extinta de la flora española. Conserv. Veg. 11: 1-12. MAIRE, R. (1957). Fl. Afrique N. 4. Paris. SAMPAIO, G. (1908-1909). Flora vascular de Odemira. Bol. Soc. Brot. 24: 7-132. SAMPAIO, G. (1921). Observações sobre algumas plantas. Ann. Sci. Acad. Polytecn. Porto 14: 1-23. STAFLEU, F. A. & R. S. COWAN (1981). J. H. F. Link. Taxonomic literature 3: 65-70. W. Junk b.v. VICIOSO, C. (1959). Estudio monográfico sobre el género Carex en España. Bol. Inst. Forest. Invest. Exp. 79: 1-205. Typification of the names of Carex helodes Link, Carex laevigata Sm. and Carex patula Schkuhr (Cyperaceae) – 43 View publication statsView publication stats