Resorts en Brasil: Una evaluación del desempeño general en el trienio 2013/2015

El Tu ismo y la Expe iencia del Clien e RESORTS EN BRASIL: UNA EVALUACIÓN DEL DESEMPEÑO GENERAL EN EL TRIENIO 2013/2015 BRAZILIAN RESORTS: AN OVERALL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR THE TRIENNIUM 2013/2015. An onio Ca los Bon a o [email p o ec ed] Felipe Ramos De Ab eu [email p o ec ed] CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO SENAC ÁGUAS DE SÃO PEDRO P og ama de G aduação em Tecnologia em Ho ela ia PQ. D . Oc á io Mou a And ade, s/nº Águas de São Ped o, Es ado de São Paulo, B asil Código Pos al 13525-000 e-mail: [email p o ec ed] www.sp.senac.b BRASIL- BRAZIL 2016 TEMÁTICA: Economía y Emp esa. -241- IX Jo nadas de In es igación en Tu ismo El Tu ismo y la Expe iencia del Clien e RESUMEN En es e a ículo se analisa la come cialización y el endimen o inancie o de los eso s b asileños em el pe íodo en e 2013 y 2015. Las asas de ocupación, ing esos medios y T e PAR ue on analizados y pues os em analogía, donde hemos a ado de de ec a el compo amien o de los índices y la endência del desempeño em la ges ión co idiana de las emp esas ho ele as. El empo de la análisis engloba las e apas de p e y pos e en o de la Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2014. Tambíen se busco de ec a los impac os inancei os gene ados po el e en o global. Además de los da os de endimen o gene ales ambién ue on medidos los alo es gene ados po los di e en es subg upos de eso s, que ue on segmen ados de acue do a su ubicación geog á ica - playa y campo - y po ipo de pensión – los all inclusi e y los que ope an o os ipo de pension – com el in de ob ene um pa ón es acional de compo amien o que ca ac e iza a cada uno de es os subg upos. Además de las uen es secunda ias ambién se u iliza on écnicas de in es igación com da os p ima ios gene ados po el acceso di ec o a la base de da os de la ABR – Associação B asilei a de Reso s, el ó gano polí ico p incipal ep esen an e del sec o yun o a el Minis e io de Tu ismo de B asil. Es e es údio iene como obje i o con ibui a la c eación de una he amien a de ges ión dia ia de los eso s com el in de gene a da os pa a mejo a la p edic ibilidad de compo amen o me cadologico u u o de la indús ia de eso s en B asil. PALABRAS CLAVE Es acionalidad. Ges ión. Ing esos inancie os. Reso s. ABSTRACT This a icle analyzes he ma ke ing and inancial pe o mance o B azilian Reso s in he pe iod be ween 2013 and 2015. The occupancy a es, a e age e enue and T e PAR we e analyzed and pu in o analogy, whe e we sough o de ec he beha io o e enues and he end pe o mance beha io in e e yday managemen o ho el en e p ises. The ime o he su ey uni e se in ol ed he s ages o p e and pos Wo ld Cup FIFA e en in 2014, also in o de o de ec he inancial impac s gene a ed by he global e en . In addi ion o he gene al pe o mance da a we e also measu ed alues gene a ed by di e en subg oups o eso s, which we e subdi ided acco ding o hei geog aphical loca ion - beach and -243- IX Jo nadas de In es igación en Tu ismo coun yside - and by ype o pension p ac iced - all inclusi e and o he ypes o pension - in o de o ob ain a seasonal pa e n o beha io ha cha ac e izes each o hese subg oups. In addi ion o seconda y sou ces we e also used esea ch echniques wi h p ima y in o ma ion gene a ed by di ec access o he da abase o he ABR-Associação B asilei a de Reso s, he main poli ical body ep esen a i e o he eso a ea in B azil. This s udy aims o con ibu e o he c ea ion o a daily managemen ool o he eso s in o de o gene a e da a o inc ease he p edic abili y o u u e indus y beha io . KEYWORDS Managemen . Reso s. Re enue. Seasonali y. 1 INTRODUCTION This a icle analyzes he ma ke pe o mance o he beha io o lodging acili ies called B azilian eso s (Aga wal, 2002; Papa heodo ou, 2004 & Wal on, 2009) in he h ee yea s om 2013 o 2015. The s udy ocuses on he pe o mance o hese o ganiza ions unde he aegis o e enue measu ed by sales daily du ing his pe iod. A i s , he eso s had hei main indices analyzed globally and in a second s age, he da a a ge ed way wi h he c ea ion o eso s subg oups. These subg oups we e di ided acco ding o hei geog aphical loca ion and o m o sales daily. The s udy is no aimed a analysis o a speci ic case, bu he pe o mance o he B azilian eso as a whole. The B azilian ou ism e ol es signi ican ly in ecen yea s, gene a ing as a consequence he need o mo e specialized companies and whose modus ope andi o he cons an imp o emen pe o mance con ol sys ems (Asmussen, 2005). Each ou is agen sys em has i s own cha ac e is ics (Gee, 1998), and lodging acili ies a e no excep ion o his ule. I is oo unde s ood ha he a ious ho el managemen ins umen s should be adap ed o he di e en ules go e ning he hospi ali y ac i i ies in a ious coun ies globe. Each ma ke has i s own cha ac e is ics ha mus be in e p e ed by he managemen o he companies in ol ed in ade local ou ism. This need is accen ua ed when i comes o a eso because o i s wide ange o p oduc s and se ices o a ious na u es. Acco ding Domingues (2014), he eso s loca ed in B azil ha e cha ac e is ics ha di e en ia e hem om o he si es, al hough he main ocus is o se e he public leisu e seeking es and escape om he chao ic li e in la ge u ban a eas. O he ac o o g ea impo ance in B azilian eso s -244- El Tu ismo y la Expe iencia del Clien e is s ong pa icipa ion o he co po a e e en s segmen in ma ke composi ion mix end o p ojec s and which s ood a 39% o he segmen s ha locked o eso s in 2013 (Domingues, 2014). I is necessa y a ma ke beha io analysis mo e speci ic hese eso s ha a e ins alled in B azil, aking in o accoun hei own local cha ac e is ics. Ano he key ele an is ha because o he la ge size o B azil and he e y di e en clima ic condi ions, he eso s ha e signi ican di e ences indices o beha io o e he mon hs o he yea in he a ious egions whe e hey a e loca ed. So a mo e s a i ied analysis is necessa y, sepa a ing en e p ises by g oups whe e he eso s componen s o each g oup mus ha e simila i ies in he concep o ope a ion. I a i s he s udy deal wi h he da a mo e gene ally, he second ime such da a we e deal mo e speci ically wi h each eso being inse ed in o he beha io al ange ha cha ac e izes i s subg oup. Wi h he di ision in o sub-g oups sough o aise wha a e he main di e ences in beha io ha a e es ablished and cha ac e ize each o hese subg oups. I was possible o beha io al endencies o each o hese subg oups, conside ing i s con en s sepa a ely. The sample o he su ey was jam by 51 en e p ises ha a e associa ed wi h ABR- Associação B asilei a de Reso s 1, he main ep esen a i e body such ha h ough hos ing he B azil. As in o ma ion ha o med he basis we e deposi ed on a mon hly basis o e a pe iod o h ee yea s, o each o he associa ed en i y, wi h he ABR da abase. The cen al e lec ion ha igge ed his s udy was gene a ed by issues ha a e cons an ly aised by manage s o B azilian eso s by he ABR, du ing he gene al mee ings o he en i y and ha a e se ou below: a) The na ional ou is indus y ollowing consolida ion p ocess gene a ing e enues ha a e inc easingly signi ican in he con ex o na ional ou is ade? b) B azilian eso s su e ed posi i e o nega i e impac on he ealiza ion o he mega e en o he FIFA Wo ld Cup 2014? Wha a e hese impac s? c) The loca ion and ype o daily su e in e e ence seasonal consump ion du ing he mon hs o he yea ? I so, how i cha ac e ized he beha io o e enues in each o he subg oups analyzed? 1 En i y ha is ecognized o icially as a ep esen a i e o he eso a ea, he Minis y o Tou ism o B azil - MINTUR. -245- IX Jo nadas de In es igación en Tu ismo The p oduc was assembled ollowing a linea logic. I em 2 - Me hodological p ocedu es, deals wi h he echniques and me hods used in he esea ch. I em 3 - Theo e ical Founda ion, is he syn hesis o he basic bibliog aphy o he heme. I em 4 - Analysis o Resul s - gene al pe o mance da a makes he abula ion and sys ema iza ion o indexes: occupancy a e2, a e age e enue a e 3and T e PAR4, gene al ma ke . I em 5 - Analysis o Resul s, is he analysis o subg oups di ided by pe o mance, analyzing he e enue a iables, wi h he analysis based on he T e PAR index, he main gauge ac o . I em 6 - Conside a ions, seeks o answe he gene al objec i e and he issues aised in he s udy, and opens he discussion o o he a iables can be discussed in he u u e. 2 METHODS AND TECHNIQUES The s udy was based on ex ensi e esea ch and add esses he subjec using he da a collec ed du ing he h ee yea s be ween 2013 and 2015. The inal alues gene a ed we e pu in analogy o ob ain he desi ed in o ma ion: he oll esul ing a iables o e enue pe o mance B azilian eso s du ing his iennium. The inal ocal poin is he inding o he posi i e o nega i e e enue g ow h o eso s du ing he pe iod analyzed we e wha impac s on p oceeds he mega-e en Wo ld Cup FIFA 2014. I is, acco ding o Cos a (2001), esea ch "co ela ion: when he esea che moni o s, on wo o mo e a iables, da a loa ing join (Cos a, 2001, p.50). "To ge he esul s ha ha e ecognized he possibili ies aised by he s udy, he esea ch d ew - in he o m o seconda y sou ces - he indus y epo s gene a ed by he B azilian ho el ma ke and e e ence au ho s in he subjec a ea eso s like Goeldne (2002) (Robe Mill (2003), Daniel Guija o (2003) and Je y Weygand (2005). Fo his i s momen o he esea ch p ocedu es, me hods we e desc ip i e (Lauka os, 2001), whe e we used in o ma ion bo h quali a i e na u e (Se e ino, 2002; Gil, 2008), and quan i a i e (Schlü e , 2003; Dencke 2003 & San ella, 2006). A e consul ed seconda y sou ces and he cons uc ion o he heo e ical amewo k, he sea ch en e ed i s second s age, which appealed o he sea ch o p ima y sou ces. A ha ime, he in o ma ion base was composed o wo pilla s: 2 Occupancy a e: Ho el pe o mance measu emen index, di iding he a ailable housing uni s and o e ed o sale, he numbe o housing uni s e ec i ely employed du ing he same pe iod. 3 A e age e enue a e - ARR: agg ega e amoun o e enues gi en pe iod di ided by he housing uni s sold in he same pe iod 4T e PAR- To al Re enue pe A ailable Room: alue added e enue di ided by a ailable housing uni s o sale (excluding home use uni s, cou esy and main enance) -246- El Tu ismo y la Expe iencia del Clien e a) The ABR da abase, whe e membe s deposi ed occupancy a e da a, and a e age e enue T e PAR wi h mon hly cons ancy. This p ocedu e eaped he da a quan i a i e pe o mance: occupancy a e, a e age e enue and T e PAR; b) Pe sonal in e iew wi h he execu i e di ec o o he B azilian Associa ion o Reso s a he ime - 2015 - Rica do Domingues. He e quali a i e na u e o in o ma ion we e collec ed. The hi d p ocedu e and as desc ibed p e iously, posi i e g ow h o sp eadshee s o nega i e o each o he indices analyzed we e c ea ed. All alues collec ed o med a empo al uni e se o h ee yea s, co e ing: 2013 - phase p e FIFA Wo ld Cup e en ; 2014 - pe iod o ealiza ion o he FIFA e en and 2015 - pos e en phase FIFA Wo ld Cup. A e his p ocedu e all da a quan i a i e na u e abula ed o m, sys ema ized and analyzed. The esul s we e dis ibu ed in g aphs and submi ed o an analysis was suppo ed by he quali a i e in o ma ion in o de o gene a e a inal conclusion. The ollowing used an analysis o he same da a p e iously gene a ed bu me alized compa men o m, whe e eso s we e di ided in o subg oups acco ding o: a) I s loca ion; whe e we e segmen ed be ween hose loca ed in coas al a eas and hose loca ed in beaches and ield & moun ain; b) Acco ding o i s mode o ope a ion and daily, di ided en i y ope a ing in all inclusi e sys em and hose ope a ing o he ypes o pension. 3 THEORETICAL The B azilian ho el ma ke has e ol ed signi ican ly o e he las wo decades (Boege , 2005; Bon a o, 2006; P ose pio 2007 & Rose 2012). B azilian eso s also ollowed he same end o g ow h, inco po a ing - h ough he yea s - in e na ional ne wo ks o eso s like he Spanish g oups Fies a and Ibe os a , among o he s. This g ow h was ollowing he e y economic g ow h occu ed du ing he i s decade o he 2000s (Domingues, 2014). A on 2002, he B azilian ma ke o e ed 5.244 uni s o ho el, wi h 4,846 ho el uni s ope a ed independen ly, 170 uni s ope a ed by na ional chains and 208 uni s ope a ed by in e na ional ne wo ks (JLL, 2015). In he yea 2015 he o al numbe o ho el uni s ose o 10,050 uni s, o which 8,793 ope a ed independen ly, 475 ope a ed by -247- IX Jo nadas de In es igación en Tu ismo na ional ne wo ks and 482 ho el uni s ope a ed by in e na ional ne wo ks (JLL, 2015, p. 7). The eso s ha e ollowed he same upwa d end. Acco ding o he ma ke epo Reso s in B azil in 2014, BSH T a el Resea ch (BSH, 2014) he e a e 119 ho el en e p ises ope a ing in he coun y ha could be classi ied as eso s. Acco ding o he same epo , he daily supply o apa men s was 14,915 UH / day in 2010 passed in 2014 o 27 077 UH / day in 2014 (BSH, 2014, p. 9), an inc ease o apa men supply 81 5% in ou yea s. This g ow h and inc eased pu chasing powe demand, caused had an in ensi ica ion o compe i ion no only in he eso s ma ke , as also in he e y B azilian ho el indus y as a whole (Domingues, 2014). Inc eased compe i ion has also c ea ed he need o imp o e he managemen p ocesses in o de o gene a e mo e e ec i eness in he ho el business (Bon a o, 2006). As a esul o his p ocess came he epo s and indus y epo s. Be o e he ho el ocused on ac i i y in gene al and in he second ime, mo e speci ic epo s and ocused on one sec o , such as eso s (Domingues, 2014). The pe iod be ween he la e 1980s and ea ly 2000s was cha ac e ized by he eme gence o he i s epo s ha add essed he pe o mance o mo e gene al way ho els. F om his s a ing poin , hey e ol ed epo s and began o add ess pe o mance indices no only be ween pe iods, plus also co e ing he di e en cha ac e is ics o each ho el ype (JLL, 2013, p.10). Repo s con inued o expand bo h in numbe and da a gene a ed. The da a p o ided by epo s such as occupancy a es, a e age daily and Re Pa 5 began o sp ead no only o en ep eneu s, wi h also he ou is ma ke in gene al. These a ious epo s a e now ooling ma ke analysis ha helped manage s o lead he daily ope a ion and decision- making wi hin he ho el o ganiza ions (Domingues, 2014). Wi h espec o ma ke s udy epo s ha shows in a imely manne he eso s ma ke , hese we e mo e spo adic, jus going o ha e cons an basis in 2012. As an example o spo adic na u e o epo s, he "In es men Repo in B azil: ho els and eso s ", o 2008, published by BSH consul ancy In e na ional Holding (BSH, 2008) was a p ecu so . This s udy was again issued only in 2011, and he la es edi ion, 2014. Also spo adically, he specialized consul ancy Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL, 2013) gene a ed a ma ke analysis called "Reso s in Numbe s". On he o he hand, he e olu ion o he ou is ma ke 5 Re PAR: Re enue pe A ailable Room: ho el index which shows he oom e enue ob ained pe apa men p o ided by he ho el in a gi en pe iod. -248- El Tu ismo y la Expe iencia del Clien e igge ed he inc eased compe i ion om he B azilian eso , and as a esul o he need o gene a e mo e cons an epo s and speci ic a ea, he epo s we e mo e cons an . Rega ding he di ec compe i ion should cla i y he pic u e ha was ins alled a e he 1980s. No ably since he 1990s un il he la e 2000s he eso s aced s ong compe i ion om c uise ma ke (BSH, 2011, JLL, 2013; Domingues, 2014). The ollowing pe iod un il 2015 was cha ac e ized as ode g owing compe i ion wi h o he eso s loca ed ou side he coun y. This has been a di ec consequence o he inc eased pu chasing powe o he middle class, which now ha e access o eso s loca ed in he Ca ibbean (RBEB, 2014) and eso s gea ed o win e spo s, such as hose loca ed in Sou h Ame ica, ini ially in Ba iloche and Las Leñas, A gen ina and, om 2010, he ski eso s ope a ing in Chile, occasionally localized in he egion Valle Ne ado (RBEP, 2014). Cu en ly in B azil, ABR -Associa ion B azilian Reso s is o icially ecognized by he Minis y o Tou ism, as he ep esen a i e poli ical en i y o he sec o in he coun y. In his sense he en i y guides he un olding o indus y ela ions policies bo h among he membe s hemsel es, as wi h o he ade agen s and sec o s o he go e nmen sphe e. The in o ma ion gene a ed by he ABR also se e as in o ma ion base o he specialized media in he na ional ou ism (Domingues, 2014). Using his in o ma ion i appea s ha despi e he compe i i e en i onmen ha e s ained in ecen decades, B azilian eso s ollowed in he p ocess o imp o ing he esul s o i s key pe o mance indica o s. Acco ding o he ABR-Associação B asilei a de Reso s be ween 2009 and 2015, he sec o had a g ow h a e age o 4.51% pe yea (RBEP, 2016), igu e 01. Figu e 01 - His o ical g ow h o occupancy a e 2009-2015. Sou ce: Adap ed om B azil Reso s in Pe spec i e No. 19 (RBEP 2016, p 16). The p esen momen is cha ac e ized wi h imp o emen o gene a ion p ocesses and da a. Howe e , i is necessa y o discuss b ie ly abou he eme gence o he indus y epo 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 occ 44,0% 46,0% 50,0% 52,7% 56,1% 58,7% 57,2% Va iação 4,55% 8,70% 5,40% 6,45% 4,63% - 2,69% -10,0% 0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 70,0% His o ical g ow h o occupancy a e 2009-2015 4,51 % pe yea -249- IX Jo nadas de In es igación en Tu ismo he 2014 FIFA Wo ld Cup also e lec he same beha io o he occupancy a e, an inc ease du ing he i s phase o he mega e en - 2nd hal o June / 14 - and s agna ion du ing he second phase o he Wo ld Cup FIFA -1s hal o July / 14. The a e age swing ha index o e he pe iod was 0.79%. Figu e 07 - Mon hly change o he a e age nominal e enue in he h ee yea s 2013/2014/2015. Sou ce: Adap ed om B azil Reso s in Pe spec i e 19 (2015, p 17.) And No. 23 (2016, p.20) 4.3. OVERALL TREVPAR The T e PAR cons i u es he mos signi ican o e all pe o mance me e o making he meld o occupancy a e a iables and a e age nominal income o he epo ing pe iod9. Thus, T e PAR po ays mo e accu a ely he o e all a e age pe o mance and becomes he bes gauge in e ms o bo h sales quali y, as he e ec i eness o he cap u e e enues a ailable apa men . The nominal g ow h in T e PAR o 2013/2014 biennium was 6.38%. Howe e , he biennium 2014/2015 did no ha e sa is ac o y pe o mance and impu ed e enue loss pe apa men ha ook he index o le els close o he alues ob ained wo yea s ea lie , in 2013. The a e age decline o his index be ween 2013 and 2015 was 0 78% pe yea . The igu e 08 shows he annual da a. 9T e PAR co esponds o o al e enues o a gi en pe iod di ided by he housing uni s a ailable in he same pe iod. I can also be ob ained by mul iplying he load ac o by he a e age e enue. Jan. Feb. Ma . Ap . May June July Aug. Sep . Oc . No . Dec. 2013/2014 -3,4% -16,9% 0,5% 22,0% 7,4% 40,1% 0,0% 5,1% -4,7% 5,3% 1,7% 1,7% 2014/2015 -2,6% 11,0% -20,4% -10,3% -6,9% -25,2% -7,7% -8,3% 6,8% 3,9% -1,7% -0,1% A e age -3,02% -2,96% -9,97% 5,86% 0,25% 7,45% -3,87% -1,62% 1,04% 4,61% 0,01% 0,79% -40,0% -20,0% 0,0% 20,0% 40,0% 60,0% ARR a ia ion 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 -256- El Tu ismo y la Expe iencia del Clien e Figu e 08 - nominal T e PAR in he biennium h ee yea s 2013/2014/2015. Sou ce: Adap ed om B azil Reso s in Pe spec i e 19 (2015, p.19) and No. 23 (2016, p.22) Analysis o T e PAR o mon hly da a shows ha he mon hs ha s ood ou posi i ely we e: Ma ch / 14 and Ap il / 14 wi h ele a ions caused by an icipa ion o co po a e e en s, a oiding con lic wi h he pe iod o ealiza ion o he FIFA Wo ld Cup. The nega i e highligh s we e he mon hs o Ma ch / 15 May / 15 and June / 15, which showed sha p alls in ela ion o he pe o mance o p e ious yea s. The mo i a ing ac o was also he ac ha he segmen o co po a e e en s o be s agnan , di ec esul o he cos con ainmen policy by companies ope a ing in he B azilian ma ke . Figu e 09 - Compa ison o nominal mon hly T e PAR pe iod h ee yea s 2013/2014/2015. Sou ce: Adap ed om B azil Reso s in Pe spec i e 19 (2015, p 20.) And No. 23 (2016, p.22) Figu e 10 depic s he mean change du ing he analyzed h ee yea s. The highligh is o he pe iod o ealiza ion o he FIFA Wo ld Cup 2014, which ea i ms he posi i e pe o mance du ing he 1s phase o he e en and he sha p all du ing he second ound o cup oo ball wo ld. Acco ding Domingues (2014), he all was due o he ac ha domes ic demand pulled he eso s p o iding ex emely high p ice o he packages. Wi h 2013 2014 2015 US$ 93,04 98,97 91,12 85,00 90,00 95,00 100,00 Annual T e PAR pe a ailable oom 2013/2014/2015 (US$) Jan. Feb. Ma . Ap . May June July Aug. Sep . Oc . No . Dec. FINAL 2013 162,68 114,84 95,31 72,73 67,82 55,86 112,72 74,85 76,99 87,11 89,57 131,99 93,04 2014 147,46 109,89 111,53 97,79 77,33 82,10 94,60 80,14 76,43 88,66 90,21 140,16 98,97 2015 150,97 121,61 83,84 87,24 65,03 65,88 98,70 70,34 78,96 94,71 88,38 137,52 91,12 0,00 50,00 100,00 150,00 200,00 Compa a i e mon hly T e PAR 2013/2014/2015 (US$) -257- IX Jo nadas de In es igación en Tu ismo in e na ional demand al eady e u ned o hei coun ies o o igin and domes ic demand compelled no o consume he p oduc , he inal pe o mance i was 16.1% below he yea 2013. Rega ding he inal pe o mance o he T e PAR o h ee yea s, he inal esul shows a posi i e a ia ion o 6.02 in he biennium 2013/2014 and nega i e - 1.88% in he iennium 2014-2015. The inal oscilla ion pe iod 2013-2015 was 2.16%, posi i e. Figu e 10 shows he inal ame. Figu e 10 - Mon hly pe cen age change in he nominal T e PAR h ee yea s 2013/2014/2015. Sou ce: Adap ed om B azil Reso s in Pe spec i e 19 (2015, p 20.) And No. 23 (2016, p.22) 5 ANALYSIS: SUBGROUPS FOR PERFORMANCE BASED ON REVPAR. This i em analysis o he esul s was a ge ed by di iding he eso s g oup - a ilia ed o he B azilian Associa ion o Reso s - ou subg oups, sepa a ed by wo c i e ia: geog aphic loca ion (en i onmen ) and ype o pension which i ope a es. This p ocedu e was adop ed in o de o aise mo e speci ic alues and o allow o mo e de ailed analysis possible, conside ing he inhe en o each subg oup p ope ies. Rega ding he en i onmen , he eso s we e classi ied in o: a) hose loca ed in he ield & moun ains and b) loca ed on he beaches. In he di ision by ype ope a ed pension we e classi ied as: a) all inclusi e (all p oduc s / se ices al eady included in he p ice) and b) o he ypes o daily - bundled all ope a ing in he Full Ame ican Plan models (FAP) Mid Ame ican Plan ( MAP) and Bed & B eak as (B & B). The same indices we e e alua ed mo e gene al way, ha e now been a ge ed o gene a e mo e speci ic a iables and ha a e i Jan. Feb. Ma . Ap . May June July Aug. Sep . Oc . No . Dec. 2013/2014 -9,4% -4,3% 17,0% 34,5% 14,0% 47,0% -16,1% 7,1% -0,7% 1,8% 0,7% 6,2% 2014/2015 2,38% 10,67% -24,83 -10,78 -15,91 -19,75 4,33% -12,22 3,31% 6,82% -2,03% -1,88% A e age -3,49% 3,18% -3,91% 11,84% -0,94% 13,61% -5,87% -2,58% 1,29% 4,30% -0,66% 2,16% -40,0% -20,0% 0,0% 20,0% 40,0% 60,0% T e PAR a ia ion 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 2014MWORLD CUPMFIFAMPERIOD -258- El Tu ismo y la Expe iencia del Clien e o ge he answe s o he gene al and speci ic objec i es, so he mos ele an con en , as Tane measu emen o ecipe was de e mined o be he T e PAR. Nex , he esul s ob ained in he ou subse s a e exposed. Timeline analysis co e s Janua y 2013 o Decembe 2015. 5.1 TREVPAR PERFORMANCE BY GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT – BEACH The eso s subg oup loca ed on he beach en i onmen gene a ed a pe o mance supe io o loca ed in he coun yside and moun ains. Howe e , T e PAR alues showed a decline o - 3.70% in he biennium 2013/2014 and a sligh eco e y o 0.60% in he biennium 2014/2015. Wi h hese alues, he pe o mance o he beach eso s subg oup declined by -1.55% pa in he h ee yea s 2013/2014/2015. Figu e 11 shows he mon hly pe o mance in each o he h ee yea s, which highligh s he mon hs o Janua y, Feb ua y, July and Decembe as high income in he h ee yea s. Figu e 11 - T e PAR o en i onmen - Beach. Sou ce: Adap ed om B azil Reso s in Pe spec i e 19 (2015, p 26.) And No. 23 (2016, p. 32) The op pe o mance o his subg oup ook place in he 1s hal o 2014, when se e al ocused long holidays and due o good uni e enues gene a ed by he low o ou is s who a eled o he FIFA Wo ld Cup. Du ing his pe iod se e al delega ions games o he coun ies pa icipa ing oo ball eams blocked p ojec s o he season aining and games o cup oo ball wo ld aising hus bo h gene al e enues and uni e enue. Howe e sho ly a e he ime o he FIFA Wo ld Cup, hea signi ican d op in e enues caused by he coun y's economic slowdown. Du ing 2015 lis ens sligh eco e y, p o ided by cheapening o ou packages in B azil caused by he de alua ion o he eal agains global ha d cu encies like he US dolla and eu o. E en wi h ha ins ance, he alues achie ed Jan. Feb. Ma . Ap . May June July Aug. Sep . Oc . No . Dec. 2013 174 118 103 73 65 51 109 69 78 89 87 142 2014 171 111 111 102 72 81 90 75 73 93 97 154 2015 181 135 92 95 65 66 94 70 91 105 103 170 0 50 100 150 200 T e PAR by loca ion: beach mon hly compa ison 2013 o 2015 (US$) -259- IX Jo nadas de In es igación en Tu ismo we e no su icien o es o e he hea y losses occu ed du ing he second hal o 2014. Figu e 12 shows he changes h oughou he iennium. Realize he a ia ions o peaks men ioned abo e, especially he pe iod o he 1s phase o he FIFA Wo ld Cup. Figu e 12–T e PAR a ia ion by se ing - he beach. Sou ce: Adap ed om B azil Reso s in Pe spec i e 19 (2015, p 26.) And No. 23 (2016, p. 32) 5.2 TREVPAR PERFORMANCE BY GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT – FIELD AND MOUNTAINS This subg oup o eso s had unde pe o med loca ed subg oup o p ojec s loca ed on he beaches. He explained such an occu ence, due o he ac ha hese eso s egis e a s ong pa icipa ion o he demand o mo e p onounced co po a e e en s ha he beach subg oup. So, his subg oup was less bene i ed om he comple ion o he mega e en o he FIFA Wo ld Cup and was mo e a ec ed by he economic c isis. Du ing he biennium 2013/2014 he T e PAR his subg oup was succeeded in e enues only in he 1s hal o he yea due o he an icipa ion o co po a e e en s. This sub-g oup ended he yea wi h posi i e g ow h o 4.00%. Du ing he biennium 2014/2015 was el mo e se e ely he economic slowdown o he coun y. Companies dec eased much o p omo e e en s o dissemina e hei p oduc s and he end o he yea T e PAR pe iod ell by - 13.06%. This alue has made he h ee yea pe o mance showed a signi ican dec ease o - 4.79% pa Figu e 13 shows he mon hly pe o mance o he h ee yea s analyzed, whe e i ealizes an oscilla ion be ween he mon hs, less han he subg oup o beach eso s. Jan. Feb. Ma . Ap . May June July Aug. Sep . Oc . No . Dec. Va a ionM13/14 0,05% -2% -6% 8% 40% 10% 57% - 17% 9% -6% 4% 11,2% Va ia ionM14/15 5,4% 21,5% -17,8% -6,6% -8,9% -18,8% 4,2% -6,6% 24,0% 12,5% 6,5% 10,3% A e ageMT ienium 2,71% 9,96% -11,86% 0,66% 15,39% -4,26% 30,76% -12,02% 16,50% 3,31% 5,40% 10,74% -30,00% -20,00% -10,00% 0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00% 70,00% T e PAR by geog aphic loca ion - beach - a ia ion 2013 o 2015 -260- El Tu ismo y la Expe iencia del Clien e Figu e 13 - Mon hly Va ia ion T e PAR–Field Sou ce: Adap ed om B azil Reso s in Pe spec i e 19 (2015, p 26.) And No. 23 (2016, p. 35) Analyzing he biennium 2013/2014, i was ound ha he a ia ion o T e PAR index in he 1s hal o 2014 showed signi ican g ow h. This is due o he easons al eady s a ed abo e, conce ning he an icipa ion o co po a e e en s. Also no e he poo pe o mance o his g oup in almos e e y mon h du ing he yea 2015, which eco d signi ican loss o e enue caused by he economic slowdown. Figu e 14 - Change T e PAR o en i onmen – Field and moun ais. Sou ce: Adap ed om B azil Reso s in Pe spec i e 19 (2015, p 28.) And No. 23 (p.25) 5.3 TREVPAR PERFORMANCE BY TYPE OF PENSION - ALL INCLUSIVE The subg oup o eso s "all inclusi e" was he bigges bene icia y o he ma ke pe o mance o all eso s sec o . The T e PAR g owled 5.90% in he biennium 2013/2014. Du ing his pe iod, held he mega e en o he FIFA Wo ld Cup di ec ly bene i ed he assessed income. Con ibu es he ac ha he all-inclusi e eso s a e Jan. Feb. Ma . Ap . May June July Aug. Sep . Oc . No . Dec. 2013 121 96 80 71 75 61 110 86 76 81 95 111 2014 109 84 111 83 89 84 108 95 84 79 72 107 2015 100 76 95 72 65 68 105 71 57 81 69 95 - 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 T e PAR by loca ion: champs - mon hly compa ison 2013 o 2015 (US$) Jan. Feb. Ma . Ap . May June July Aug. Sep . Oc . No . Dec. Va a ionM13/14 -9,82% -12,44% 38,41% 16,83% 18,94% 37,86% -1,75% 10,69% 10,60% -2,78% -24,03% -3,52% Va ia ionM14/15 -8,7% -9,7% -14,1% -13,0% -27,6% -19,4% -2,2% -25,5% -31,7% 3,6% -4,1% -10,9% A e ageMT ienium -9,3% -11,1% 12,1% 1,9% -4,4% 9,3% -2,0% -7,4% -10,5% 0,4% -14,1% -7,2% -40,00% -30,00% -20,00% -10,00% 0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% T e PAR by geog aphic loca ion - Fields and moun ains - a ia ion 2013 o 2015 -261- IX Jo nadas de In es igación en Tu ismo loca ed nea he ci ies hos ing he games, as well as being loca ed in coas al a ea. The biennium 2014/2015 also di ec ly bene i ed his subg oup, gi en ha he high US dolla and eu o aised cos s o B azilian ou is s o a el ab oad. making his ou is seek na ional des ina ions. A he same ime, wi h ega d o a ac ing in e na ional ou is s, he eal de alua ion cheapened he ou packages ha a ge B azilian eso s, also speci ically bene i his subg oup o eso s. As a esul o his ac , in 2015 eco ded an inc ease o 16.50% o T e PAR. So o e all a e age h ee yea s g ew by 11.2% pa Figu e 15 shows also ha he issue o seasonal e enue pe o mance, he mon hs ha s ood ou in he h ee yea s analyzed we e Janua y, Feb ua y, No embe and Decembe . Figu e 15 - T e PAR by ype o pension - All Inclusi e Sou ce: Adap ed om B azil Reso s in Pe spec i e 19 (. 2015, p 32) and No. 23 (2016, p. 41) Figu e 16 shows ha al hough he FIFA Wo ld Cup held in 2014 ha e bene i ed subg oup in i s i s implemen a ion phase (las wo weeks o June / 14), he pe o mance declined du ing he second phase ( i s wo weeks o July). The biennium 2014/105 gene a ed excep ional alue, supe io pe o mance eco d in almos e e y mon h o 2015 wi h high peak in Sep embe / 15. Jan. Feb. Ma . Ap . May June July Aug. Sep . Oc . No . Dec. 2013 166 117 110 81 71 53 106 66 78 95 98 145 2014 181 132 111 98 79 57 80 83 70 100 108 149 2015 180 156 111 106 76 73 100 87 131 122 133 180 - 50 100 150 200 T e PAR by daily ope a ed - all inclusi e Mon hly compa asion 2013/2015 (US$) -262- El Tu ismo y la Expe iencia del Clien e Figu e 16 - Mon hly change T e PAR by ype o pension - All Inclusi e. Sou ce: Adap ed om B azil Reso s in Pe spec i e 19 (2015, p 32.) And No. 23 (2016, p.41) 5.4 TREVPAR PERFORMANCE BY TYPE OF PENSION – OTHER Jus as he subg oup o eso s loca ed in he ield had a e enue unde pe o med hose loca ed on he beach, he g oup o eso s ha ope a e wi h o he ypes o daily also had a e enue unde pe o med o ope a ing in "all inclusi e" sys em. The ac ha his subg oup also ha e a signi ican po ion o e enues coming om he co po a e e en s segmen con ibu ed o he inal alues a e nega i e. Du ing he biennium 2013/2014, he subg oup con inued good pe o mance, wi h companies s ill holding co po a e e en s. Wi h he good incidence o leisu e ou ism, he biennium ended wi h an inc ease o 4.7%. When measu ed he biennium 2014/2015, he e was a signi ican d op in T e PAR index, he o de o - 12,5%, also caused by he deepening o he coun y's economic slowdown. Figu e 17 shows he mon hly pe o mance o e he h ee yea s. No e ha he seasonal pe o mance luc ua es less in ensely han o he subg oups. Figu e 17 - mon hly T e PAR 2013/2014/2015 - O he ypes Sou ce: Adap ed om B azil Reso s in Pe spec i e 19 (2015, p 33.) And No. 23 (2016, p.43) Jan. Feb. Ma . Ap . May June July Aug. Sep . Oc . No . Dec. Va a ionM13/14 8,7% 13,3% 1,3% 20,2% 10,4% 8,6% -24,0% 25,9% -11,2% 4,4% 10,8% 2,7% Va ia ionM14/15 -0,7% 17,9% -0,5% 8,7% -3,4% 27,0% 24,1% 4,9% 88,0% 22,6% 22,8% 20,8% A e ageMT ienium 4,0% 15,6% 0,4% 14,5% 3,5% 17,8% 0,0% 15,4% 38,4% 13,5% 16,8% 11,7% -40,0% -20,0% 0,0% 20,0% 40,0% 60,0% 80,0% 100,0% T e PAR by daily ope a ed - all inclusi e - a ia ion 2013 o 2015 Jan. Feb. Ma . Ap . May June July Aug. Sep . Oc . No . Dec. 2013 158 112 93 67 66 58 111 77 77 82 87 125 2014 138 86 110 98 76 95 102 79 78 83 80 136 2015 142 97 74 79 59 62 99 64 56 87 74 125 - 100 200 T e PAR by daily ope a ed: o he ypes - mon hly compa asion 2013 o 2015 (US$) -263- IX Jo nadas de In es igación en Tu ismo Figu e 18 shows he con as be ween he biennia occu ed in his subg oup eso s. The ela i e s abili y achie ed in 2014 could no sus ain he g ow h o he h ee yea s o e enue due o he nega i e pe o mance h oughou he las en mon hs o 2015. The a e age pe o mance esul ed in nega i e du ing he yea s analyzed. Figu e 18 - Change T e PAR by ype o pension - O he ypes Sou ce: Adap ed om B azil Reso s in Pe spec i e 19 (2015, p 33.) And No. 23 (2016, p.43) Analyzed he pe o mance T e PAR subg oups s udy sough answe s o bo h he o e all objec i e as o he issues aised in Sec ion 1: In oduc ion. Such conside a ions a e se ou below. 6 CONSIDERATIONS FOR NEW RESEARCH ON THE THEME B azilian eso s g ow in e ms o signi icance o he ou ism indus y o he coun y. Since 2009, e en i he supply o apa men s has "inc eased by 81.5% in ou yea s" (BSH, 2014, p.9), he occupancy a e main ained an a e age annual g ow h o 4.51% since he 2009 o 2015. These igu es demons a e how he eso s ma ke has a ac ed in es o s o e he yea s. The en y o in e na ional g oups eso s manage s as Ibe os a and Fies a show he g ow h o his ype o ho el in B azil. Howe e , due o s ong g ow h in he supply o apa men s, he T e PAR did no g ow as signi ican ly as inc eased occupancy a es. In he pe iod analyzed, 2013-2015, he nominal g ow h o he gene al T e PAR was 0.78% pe yea . I , on he one hand, he ealiza ion o he FIFA Wo ld Cup mega e en bene i ed he indus y, he deepening economic c isis in B azil, om he 2nd hal o 2014, also in luenced hese alues. The mos a ec ed sec o was he co po a e e en s ha made up a signi ican pa o he mix ma ke segmen s locking o B azilian Jan. Feb. Ma . Ap . May June July Aug. Sep . Oc . No . Dec. Va a ionM13/14 7,3% 6,4% 9,9% 12,2% 9,6% 13,8% 7,7% 8,6% 8,5% 8,5% 7,7% 9,1% Va ia ionM14/15 2,9% 12,0% -32,4% -20,0% -22,4% -34,7% -3,2% - 19,1% -27,9% 3,7% -8,3% -7,8% A e ageMT ienium 5,1% 9,2% -11,3% -3,9% -6,4% -10,5% 2,2% -5,2% -9,7% 6,1% -0,3% 0,6% -40,0% -30,0% -20,0% -10,0% 0,0% 10,0% 20,0% T e PAR by daily ope a ed - o he ypes - a ia ion 2013 o 2015 -264- El Tu ismo y la Expe iencia del Clien e eso s. Howe e , much o he loss was o se by he inc ease in he leisu e segmen , due o he de alua ion o he eal agains s onge cu encies like he US dolla and he eu o. Re enue g ow h, measu ed by T e PAR is much mo e se led in he g ow h o o e all occupancy a e han he g ow h o a e age e enue pe sold apa men . And his beha io can lead, in he u u e , he all o he g ow h T e PAR index due o he ac ha he occupancy a e ha e a ma hema ical limi o 100 % ( B azilian eso s do no adop he p ocess day use) . The comple ion o he mega e en o he FIFA Wo ld Cup in 2014, has bene i ed du ing i s i s phase, when he eams we e p e-de ined loca ions and submission da es. Du ing his pe iod (2nd hal o June / 14), occupa ions we e high and he uni e enues measu ed also s ood ou . The eso s loca ed on he beach and ope a ing in all inclusi e sys em ha e bene i ed mos subg oups. Many o hese si es ha e been blocked comple ely, o ecei e he o icial delega ions o he eams ha compe ed in he games. The posi i e pic u e o he 1s phase was e e sed o nega i e in he 2nd phase o he FIFA Wo ld Cup (1s hal o July / 14). Tou is s and o eign delega ions we e lea ing he coun y, bu domes ic demand has no app op ia ed he apa men s made a ailable, ea ing hey we e oo expensi e. Wi h espec o subg oups o eso s no e ha hose loca ed on he beach and ope a ing in all-inclusi e sys em a e hose wi h be e pe o mance o e enues du ing he h ee yea s s udied. Howe e , eso subg oup loca ed in he ield and ope a ing in o he sys ems daily showed a mo e s able seasonal pa e n wi h peaks less. B ie ly, a e analyzing he esul s, i ollows ha : a) The eso s loca ed on he beach and ope a e he sys em all-inclusi e has domina ed he leisu e segmen and bene i ed in 2014 by he in lux o in e na ional ou is s and delega ions o he eams ha ha e mo ed o he mega e en FIFA Wo ld Cup. In 2015 such p ojec s we e he mos bene i ed by he de alua ion o he eal agains s onge cu encies like he US dolla and he eu o, due o he ac ha he B azilian domes ic demand ha e changed he ou packages ab oad o domes ic des ina ions; b) The eso s loca ed in he ield and ope a ing in o he pension sys ems ha e s ong pa icipa ion o he co po a e e en s segmen . So du ing he 1s hal o 2014 bene i ed om he ad ance o such e en s o he pe iod p io o he FIFA Wo ld Cup . Howe e , -265-