Lifestyles of nursing students from a Colombian public university

O iginal a icle Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a Colombian public uni e si y Ma ía de los Ángeles Rod íguez-Gázquez1 Sa a Chapa o-He nandez2 José Ra ael González-López3 1 RN, Ph.D. P o esso , Uni e sidad de An ioquia. UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia. email: [email p o ec ed] 2 Unde g adua e s uden . Uni e sidad de An ioquia. UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia. email: [email p o ec ed] 3 RN, Ph.D. P o esso , Uni e sidad de Se illa, Spain. email: [email p o ec ed] A icle linked o esea ch: Es ilos de ida saludables en es udian es de en e me ía de la Uni e sidad de An ioquia y de la Uni e sidad de Se illa (España). Sub en ions: Facul ad de En e me ía de la Uni e sidad de An ioquia (Colombia) y Facul ad de En e me ía, Fisio e apia y Podología de la Uni e sidad de Se illa (España). Con lic s o in e es : none. Recei ed on: Oc obe 1, 2015. App o ed on: Decembe 4, 2015. How o ci e his a icle: Rod íguez-Gázquez MA, Chapa o-He nández S, González-López JR. Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a Colombian public uni e si y. In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1): 94-103. DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee. 34n1a11 Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a colombian public uni e si y Objec i e. To assess he li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a Colombian public uni e si y. Me hods. A c oss- sec ional s udy was conduc ed in 2014. 380 s uden s answe ed by sel - epo ing he adap ed e sion in Spanish o FANTASTIC Li es yles Assessmen Ques ionnai e o Wilson and Ciliska. Resul s. Li es yles we e poo in 9.2%, ai in 31.3%, good in 53.7%, and excellen in only 5.8% o he pa icipan s. S a is ically- signi ican di e ences o he o al mean sco e we e no ound when compa ing wi h gende , age g oup, and cou se yea , bu we e de ec ed in wo domains by gende : a) physical ac i i y (highe sco e in men) and b) ciga e e smoking (highe sco e in women). Conclusion. An impo an p opo ion o ou nu sing s uden s has inadequa e li es yles, which means de e ed isks o he de elopmen o ch onic diseases. Uni e si ies should p omo e he aining o he u u e p o essionals in nu sing wi h knowledge and skills aimed a heal hy li es yles. Key wo ds: c oss-sec ional s udies; li e s yle; ques ionnai es; s uden s, nu sing. Es ilos de ida de es udian es de En e me ía de una uni e sidad pública colombiana Obje i o. E alua los es ilos de ida de los es udian es de En e me ía de una uni e sidad pública colombiana. Mé odos. Se ealizó un es udio desc ip i o de ipo as e sal en 2014. 380 alumnos po au o epo e con es a on el FANTASTIC Li es yle Assessmen Ques ionnai e, e sión adap ada al español. Resul ados. La pun uación de los es ilos de ida ue bajo en el 9.2%; en el 31.3%, egula ; en el 53.7%, bueno y solo en el 5.8%, an ás ico. No se de ec a on di e encias es adís icamen e signi ica i as del p omedio de la pun uación o al cuando se compa ó con sexo, g upo e a io y año de cu so, pe o en sí en dos dominios del cues iona io: ac i idad ísica (pun uación mayo en homb es que muje es) y b) 95 In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1) Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a Colombian public uni e si y 11 consumo de abaco (p omedio de pun uación mayo muje es que en homb es). Conclusión. Una p opo ción impo an e de alumnos de En e me ía de la uni e sidad pública es udiada iene inadecuados es ilos de ida, lo que signi ica iesgos aplazados pa a el desa ollo de en e medades c ónicas. Las uni e sidades ienen el debe de p omo e en los u u os en e me os los conocimien os y des ezas o ien ados a es ilos de ida saludables. Palab as cla e: es udios ans e sales; es ilo de ida; cues iona ios; es udian es de en e me ía. Es ilos de ida de es udan es de En e magem de uma uni e sidade pública colombiana Obje i o. A alia os es ilos de ida dos es udan es de En e magem de uma uni e sidade pública colombiana. Mé odos. Se ealizou um es udo de co e ans e sal em 2014. 380 alunos po au o - epo e esponde am o FANTASTIC Li es yle Assessmen Ques ionnai e, e são adap ada ao espanhol. Resul ados. A pon uação dos es ilos de ida oi baixo em 9.2%, em 31.3% oi egula , em 53.7% oi bom e só em 5.8% oi an ás ico. Não se de ec a am di e encias es a is icamen e signi ica i as da média da pon uação o al quando se compa ou com sexo, aixa e á ia e ano de cu so, mas em si em dois domínios do ques ioná io: a i idade ísica (pon uação maio em homens de que mulhe es) e b) consumo de abaco (médio de pon uação maio mulhe es de que em homens). Conclusão. Uma p opo ção impo an e de alunos de En e magem da uni e sidade pública es udada em inadequados es ilos de ida, o que signi ica iscos adiados pa a o desen ol imen o de doenças c ónicas. Pala as cha e: es udos ans e sais; es ilo de ida; ques ioná ios; es udan es de en e magem. In oduc ion Acco ding o da a om he Wo ld Heal h O ganiza ion1 non- ansmissible ch onic diseases a e he main cause o mo ali y and p ema u e disabili y h oughou he wo ld, and he s udy o heal hy li es yles is gaining special impo ance. Li es yle ac o s including alues o belie s a e in luenced by he local cul u e2 and o Pende e al.3 hese a e in luenced by indi idual and collec i e cons uc ions o heal h and disease, and a e ca ied ou h ough he indi idual’s mo i a ion o p o ec ing o imp o ing hei own heal h and a oiding disease. Al hough o p o ide ca e one mus ca e o onesel , esea ch shows ha he li es yles in nu sing s uden s a e inadequa e,4,5 which means ha ing de e ed isks o he de elopmen o ch onic diseases. Agg a a ing his si ua ion, i has also been epo ed ha du ing he cou se o he Nu sing deg ee some unheal hy li es yles in s uden s no only wo sen, bu may also s a .6 This jus i ies ha du ing he yea s o uni e si y aining hei li es yles be assessed o design in e en ions aimed a imp o ing he heal h conduc s o he u u e p o essionals, who should se e as examples in he p omo ion o heal hy li es yles o he popula ion.7 The aim o his s udy was o assess he li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a Colombian public uni e si y by using he FANTASTIC ins umen by Wilson and Ciliska.8 Me hods A c oss-sec ional s udy was conduc ed including nu sing s uden s in 2014 in he Uni e si y in An ioquia, loca ed in Medellín (Colombia, Sou h Ame ica). S uden s olun a ily accep ed o pa icipa e in he esea ch h ough an in o med signed consen . No sample was calcula ed, gi en ha he whole popula ion was s udied. Resea che s used he class assignmen ime o he da a collec ion. A e explaining he objec i es, me hodology, and esul s expec ed in he in es iga ion, he s uden s we e in i ed o pa icipa e olun a ily in he s udy, and hose who p o ided hei consen illed ou he FANTASTIC ques ionnai e h ough sel - epo . To ob ain in o ma ion, a o m was used which included sociodemog aphic da a (cou se yea , age, 96 In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1) Ma ía de los Ángeles Rod íguez-Gázquez • Sa a Chapa o-He nandez •José Ra ael González-López gende , and ma i al s a us) and ques ions om he FANTASTIC Li es yle Assessmen Ques ionnai e.8 The Spanish e sion o his ins umen used was he adap ed in Chile o you h popula ion9 and which p o ides in o ma ion on he indi idual’s beha io wi hin he las 30 days. The o igin o he wo d “FANTASTIC” (FANTASTICO in Spanish), is he ac onym o he names o he 10 dimensions in which 30 i ems a e dis ibu ed: F=Family and iends (2 i ems); A=Ac i i y and Associa i i y (3 i ems); N=Nu i ion (3 i ems); T=Tobacco (2 i ems); A=Alcohol and o he subs ances (6 i ems); S=Sleep and s ess (3 i ems); T=Type o pe sonali y (3 i ems); I=In ospec ion (3 i ems); C=Con ol o heal h (3 i ems); and O=O he conduc s (2 i ems). Each i em has h ee Like - ype esponse op ions (0 o 2). The o al sco e co esponds o he sum o he alues o he i ems mul iplied by wo; highe alues indica e be e li es yles. The ca ego iza ion o he o al scale sco e was: ≤46=dange ous, 47-72=poo , 73-84= ai , 85-102=good, and 103-120=excellen . The seman ic legibili y alida ion o he ques ionnai e was conduc ed wi h se en nu sing s uden s. The p ocedu e ca ied ou was as ollows: 1s , hand ou a w i en copy o he ques ionnai e o each pa icipan o ill i ou ; 2nd, s uden s we e asked hei opinion on each o he i ems ega ding comp ehension and adequacy o he language; 3 d, wi h wo ds o ph ases wi h di icul y, s uden s we e asked o sugges synonyms o s a emen s wi h hei own wo ds; 4 h, he esea che s e alua ed he obse a ions in his ial and compa ed he heo e ical concep s, seeking o measu e each o he i ems on he ques ionnai e wi h he s a emen s p oposed by he pa icipan s du ing he seman ic alida ion, es ablishing i equi alency exis ed - in he case o di e ences, he s a emen o each i em was de e mined h ough esea che consensus; 5 h, he inal e sion was app o ed h ough esea che consensus. The in e nal consis ency (C onbach’s alpha: 0.7) o FANTASTC was conside ed adequa e.10 The in o ma ion ga he ed was analyzed using SPSS . 21.00. All quan i a i e a iables we e examined o ou lie s and abno mal dis ibu ions. When no mali y c i e ia we e ul illed, hei a e age, s anda d de ia ion, and minimum and maximum alues we e calcula ed. Fo quali a i e a iables p opo ions we e es ima ed. In explo ing he ela ionship be ween by o al and domains sco es o FANTASTIC and he age g oup, gende , and cou se a iables, one-way ANOVA s a is ic was used. When ANOVA esul was s a is ically signi ican (p<0.05) and he independen a iables had mo e han wo ca ego ies, pos - hoc analysis was pe o med o assess among which o he g oups di e ences exis ed by using he Dunne ’s T3 me hod – assuming ha he a iances a e equal. This s udy has been independen ly e iewed and app o ed by he E hics Commi ee in he Facul y o Nu sing a Uni e sidad o An ioquia. The pa icipan s g an ed hei in o med consen and he su ey was answe ed olun a ily and anonymously. Each copy o he ques ionnai e con ained an annex ha in e p e ed he sco e ob ained in he FANTASTIC and i had ad ices abou how o imp o e he heal h conduc s. Resul s 380 s uden s o he 506 nu sing s uden s pa icipa ed in he s udy, co esponding o 75.1% o he o al popula ion (Figu e 1). The mean age o he pa icipan s was 21.6±3.5 yea s (minimum 16; maximum 37); 27.6% we e less han 20 yea s; emales p e ailed (80.5%), 31.8% we e in he second yea o aining and 89.7% we e single (Table 1). The o al a e age o he FANTASTIC scale was 86±10.2 (minimum 62; maximum 114). 9.2% sco ed poo ; 31.3% sco ed ai ; 53.7% had a good sco e and only 5.8% sco ed excellen . Table 2 shows ha no s a is ically-signi ican di e ences we e ound when compa ing he a e age o he o al sco e ob ained by gende , age g oup, and cou se yea , bu signi ican di e ences we e indeed ound when compa ing hese domains o gende : in physical ac i i y he a e age sco e 97 In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1) Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a Colombian public uni e si y was highe in men and in ciga e e smoking, he a e age sco e was highe in women. Pos -hoc analyses o s a is ically-signi ican ela ionships be ween he sco es o he domains and he s udy a iables showed ha in consump ion o alcohol and o he subs ances, he a e age sco e o hose younge han 20 yea s o age was highe han ha o hose om 20 o 24 yea s o age (p<0.001); and by cou se, h ee s a is ically signi ican di e ences exis : ha o he i s yea wi h he hi d yea (p=0.002) and wi h he ou h yea (p<0.001), and ha o he second yea wi h he ou h (p<0.012). In sleep and s ess, hose younge han 20 yea s o age had an a e age sco e highe han hose om 20 o 24 yea s o age. Rega ding he gene al equencies o he i ems o he domains, he ollowing can be highligh ed. Figu e 1. Flow cha o s uden pa icipa ion in he su ey 98 In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1) Ma ía de los Ángeles Rod íguez-Gázquez • Sa a Chapa o-He nandez •José Ra ael González-López Table 1. Gene al cha ac e is ics o he s udy pa icipan s Cha ac e is ics F ecuency Pe cen aje Gende Male 66 17.4 Female 306 80.5 Missing da a 8 2.1 Age g oup <20 yea s 105 27.6 20-24 yea s 198 52.1 25+ yea s 63 16.6 Missing da a 14 3.7 Yea s o aining 1º 92 24.2 2º 121 31.8 3º 84 22.1 4º 83 21.8 Single Yes 341 89.7 No 26 6.8 Missing da a 13 3.4 Family and iends. A good p opo ion o he s uden s a e suppo ed by hei amilies and iends, who o e hem a ec ion (81.8%) and wi h whom hey can speak abou hemes ha a e impo an o hei li es (73.9%). Ac i i y and associa i i y. Only 24.7% engage in igo ous physical ac i i y o a leas 30 minu es h ee o mo e imes pe week and 62.1% engage in mode a e ac i i y wi h he same du a ion and equency. I is o conce n ha he emaining 13.2% engage in li le physical ac i i y. Rega ding he componen o associa i i y, i is in e es ing ha only one in e e y i e nu sing s uden s (20.8%) is an ac i e membe o spo s o sel -ca e g oups o o ganiza ions. Nu i ion. Only 18.9% o he pa icipan s consume wo po ions o ege ables and h ee po ions o ui e e y day and 90.3% epo ed consuming junk ood. Al hough mos o he nu sing s uden s ha e inadequa e ea ing habi s, 80.0% had he pe cep ion ha hey we e nea o hei ideal weigh . Tobacco. 16.3% o he s uden s epo ed ha hey we e cu en smoke s, 10.0% we e o me smoke s, and 73.7% ne e ha ing smoked. Alcohol and o he subs ances. 94.7% o hose su eyed ha e less han se en d inks o alcoholic be e ages consumed du ing he same week, 64.5% d ink mo e han ou glasses du ing he same occasion, and 13.4% ha e used an au omobile o mo o bike a e d inking alcohol, o ha e been a passenge when he d i e had d unk. 11.6% o he s uden s consume mo e han h ee cups o co ee pe day. Consump ion o medica ions wi hou medical p esc ip ion is a common p ac ice in 57.1% o he pa icipan s. Rega ding consump ion o illegal psychoac i e subs ances (ma ijuana, cocaine, o o he s) he li e p e alence was 11.1%. Sleep and s ess. 30% o nu sing s uden s sleep well, 40.8% eel capable o con olling he s ess o daily li e and only 54.7% enjoy hei leisu e ime. 99 In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1) Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a Colombian public uni e si y Table 2. A e ages and SD o he o al sco e and by FANTASTICO domain acco ding o gende , age g oup, and cou se Va iables To al Gende Age g oup Cou se Domain Male Female p* <20 20-24 ≥25 p1s 2nd 3 d 4 h p Family and iends 7.0±1.4 6.8±1.6 6.8±1.4 0.155 7.0±1.6 7.0±1.4 7.2±1.3 0.476 7.0±1.6 7.0±1.4 7.2±1.4 7.2 ±1.6 0.653 Ac i i y 6.2±3.2 7.2±1.7 6.0±3.2 0.002 6.0±3.2 6.2±3.0 6.0±3.6 0.701 6.0±3.2 6.2±3.2 6.2±3.2 6.0±3.2 0.859 Nu i ion 7.2±2.2 7.4±2.0 7.2±2.2 0.903 7.2±2.2 7.2±2.0 7.4±2.4 0.799 7.2±2.0 7.2±2.2 7.6±2.0 7.4±2.2 0.331 Tobacco 7.0±1.8 6.2±2.4 7.2±1.6 <0.001 7.2±1.6 7.0±1.8 6.8±2.2 0.274 7.4±1.8 7.0±1.8 7.0±1.8 6.8±2.2 0.161 Alcohol and o he subs ances 20.4±2.6 22.2±2.6 20.4±2.8 0.349 21.2±2.2 20.0±2.8 20.6±2.8 <0.001 21.4±2.0 20.6±2.6 20.0±3.0 19.4±2.8 <0.001 Sleep and s ess 8.2±2.6 8.8±2.6 8.2±2.4 0.110 7.8±2.6 8.6±2.4 8.0±2.6 0.007 8.2±2.2 7.8±2.6 8.8±2.4 8.4±2.6 0.042 Type o pe sonali y 7.8±2.2 8.0±2.2 7.8±2.0 0.598 7.8±2.0 7.6±2.2 7.8±2.2 0.732 7.8±2.2 7.8±2.2 7.6±2.1 7.6±1.8 0.773 In ospec ion 7.6±2.0 7.4±2.0 7.4±1.8 0.874 7.4±2.0 7.6±2.2 7.6±1.8 0.610 7.6±1.8 7.2±2.0 7.6±2.2 7.6±2.2 0.647 Con ol o heal h 8.6±2.6 8.2±2.8 8.6±2.6 0.176 8.2±2.8 8.6±2.6 9.0±2.6 0.173 8.2±2.6 8.8±2.8 8.8±2.6 8.8±2.4 0.241 O he ac i i ies 7.2±1.2 7.0±1.4 7.2±1.8 0.531 7.2±1.2 7.2±1.4 7.2±1.2 0.834 7.2±1.2 7.2±1.2 7.0±1.4 7.2±1.2 0.765 To al 87.2±10.2 87.2±10.8 86.1±10.2 0.963 87.0±10.0 87.2±9.8 87.1±11.2 0.988 87.6±8.8 87.0±10.8 87.8±10.8 86.0±10.4 0.637 * p- alue o he ANOVA es 100 In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1) Ma ía de los Ángeles Rod íguez-Gázquez • Sa a Chapa o-He nandez •José Ra ael González-López Type o pe sonali y. I is ala ming ha 84.2% o he s uden s a e always in a hu y, 73.2% eel ang y o agg essi e, and 16.3% ne e eel pleased wi h hei wo k o wi h ac i i ies. In ospec ion. 64.7% o he pa icipan s epo ed being posi i e hinke s, i is no ewo hy ha 90.5% o he subjec s epo ed ha hey always eel ense and 6.8%, which al hough low is s ill o conce n, s a e hey eel dep essed. Con ol o he heal h. In spi e o hei being nu sing s uden s ained in disease p e en ion, only 26.8% ha e pe iodic heal h con ols. Rega ding sexual heal h, 52.4% alk o hei pa ne s o ela i es abou hese hemes and 88.4% wo y abou hei sel -ca e and abou hei pa ne ’s ca e. O he beha io s. The i ems ela ed o sa e y beha io s in anspo a ion and pedes ians, d i e s, o passenge s e ealed ha 84.5% o he s uden s espec a ic laws and 75.5% wea sea bel s as d i e s o as passenge s. Discussion In ou in es iga ion he o al sco e o he FANTASTIC scale was 86 poin s, wi hou s a is ically-signi ican di e ences by gende . This sco e was less han he 94 poin s epo ed by Sil a e al.10 in Po uguese s uden s o heal h sciences (84% we e nu sing s uden s). The ca ego y o he FANTASTIC sco e was good o excellen in only 59.5% o he pa icipan s e sus 82.6% in he Po uguese s uden s. Rega ding he gene al equencies o he i ems o he FANTASTIC domains, he ollowing can be highligh ed: In amily and iends, 81.8% o he s uden s gi e and ecei e a ec ion. I is well known ha a ec ion is a o m o exp ession ha in ol ing lo e, wa m h and iendship, all o which a e o ms o ca e owa ds he o he and o wha is done; and e eals in e es and impo ance owa ds he o he .11 Only one ou o e e y ou engages in igo ous physical ac i i y o a leas 30 minu es h ee o mo e imes pe week; his inding was lowe han he 48% no ed in nu sing s uden s om a p i a e uni e si y in Medellin, Colombia.5 By gende , men engaged in igo ous physical ac i i y wi h mo e o en han women, a inding like ha ob ained by Sil a e al.10 and Chung.12 Analyzing he Nu i ion domain, i was no ed ha less han one ou o e e y i e s uden s decla ed ea ing a balanced die and a oiding suga consump ion and junk ood, his a e a cause o conce n because his was a g oup o young adul s who we e being ained in Nu sing. Poo nu i ion can a ec ad e sely he physical heal h, Reed13 a i ms ha ea ing o good heal h is one way ha nu ses can educe he impac o s esso s on he body and posi i ely in luence hei heal h, allowing hem o be e ca e o pa ien s and hemsel es. As a as he pe cep ion o cu en weigh , 80.0% o ou nu sing s uden s s a ed being nea o he ideal weigh . The body weigh may a ec how nu ses p o ide ca e o pa ien s o how pa ien s pe cei e he ca e a nu se p o ides; people a e less con iden in an o e weigh nu se’s abili y o p o ide educa ion on die and exe cise.13 16.3% o ou s uden s we e cu en smoke s, a bigge pe cen age ha 7% ob ained in a s udy in I alian nu sing s uden s.14 Ciga e e smoking is well-documen ed as he p incipal a oidable cause o mo bidi y and mo ali y in he wo ld, being, in ac , one o he mos se ious epidemics ha equi e aking u gen con ol ac ions. In addi ion, smoking by heal h ca e p o essionals is a ba ie o obacco in e en ions wi h pa ien s.15 In he pa icipan s o his s udy, ciga e e smoking was highe in males, a inding ha con adic s ha epo ed in nu sing s uden s in Spain’s Uni e si y o Se ille.16 64.5% o he s uden s su eyed ha e mo e han ou d inks du ing he same occasion, a pe cen age ha is highe han he 51.2% ob ained in he s udy o Pe u ian nu sing s uden s du ing hei second yea o aining.17 This addi ionally associa ed excessi e alcohol consump ion wi h exagge a ed academic o e load. In ou s uden s, no di e ence was no ed o alcohol consump ion by gende . By age, heal hy beha io ela ed o alcohol consump ion was be e in hose unde 20 yea s. This can also be explained by conside ing ha mos o hese s uden s we e 101 In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1) Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a Colombian public uni e si y i s -yea s uden s and had be e sco es in his conduc han hose who we e 20 yea s and olde . This could be ela ed o a p og essi e inc ease in academic load and o con on ing he p ac ices. I is o conce n ha 13.4% o he pa icipan s had d i en mo o ehicles a e d inking alcohol, o had been passenge s when he d i e had d unk alcoholic be e ages. I is known ha alcohol a ec s he d i e ’s abili y and inc eases he isk o a ic acciden s, whose consequence could be se ious inju ies o e en dea h.7 Li e ime p e alence o consump ion o psychoac i e subs ances (ma ijuana, cocaine, o o he s) in nu sing s uden s was 11.1%, simila o he 9.5% e e ed by Oli ei a & Fu ega o.18 These esea che s also ela ed he p ac ices ca ied ou by las -yea nu sing s uden s in a B azilian uni e si y who had an inc eased isk o alcohol consump ion and o illegal subs ances. This was explained as a way o diminishing exhaus ion caused by clinical and academic ac i i ies. Consump ion o medica ion wi hou medical p esc ip ion was a common p ac ice in 57.1% o he pa icipan s. This is double ha epo ed by McCabe e al.19 in nu sing s uden s om a No h Ame ican public uni e si y. Al hough sleep is a i al need ha mus be done in he bes condi ions and i mus be enough o i o be epai ing, only 30.0% o he s uden s sleep well and ge up es ed. This means ha as many as 70.0% o he s uden s eel sleepy and i ed du ing hei daily ac i i ies. This s udy also showed, by age g oup, ha i s -yea s uden s slep be e han hose om he ollowing yea s. In a Spanish s udy conduc ed a he Uni e sidad de Huel a,20 i was ound ha 50% o he nu sing s uden s had a de e io a ed sleep pa e n; a si ua ion ha , besides a ec ing heal h, can nega i ely in luence academic de elopmen . Sleeping ewe hou s was explained by he s uden s as he esponse o he s ong academic demands om he di e en assignmen s. They also epo ed ha o keep om sleeping, hey habi ually smoked o d ank be e ages wi h ca eine – a si ua ion ha was also no ed in ou s udy. Rega ding s ess, h ee ou o e e y i e o ou s uden s eel incapable o con olling daily li e s ess; his is almos equal o ha ound in nu sing s uden s om Huel a20 and which was almos always mani es ed wi h complain s ela ed o excessi e demands in heo e ical and p ac ical assignmen s. Pulido-Ma os e al.21 claim ha nu sing s uden s nowadays endu e s ess because hey equen ly ha e addi ional amily- o wo k- ela ed esponsibili ies, in addi ion o an in ense and complex academic load. In he ca ego y on ype o pe sonali y, ou s uden s we e always in a hu y (84.2%), el agg essi e (73.2%) o ense (90.5%), and we e ne e pleased wi h he wo k o wi h he ac i i ies (16.3%), o we e dep essed (6.8%). Acco ding o Jodas and Haddad,22 nu ses a e p one o de eloping an exhaus ion synd ome because hey a e subjec ed o si ua ions o in e ac ion wi h pa ien s and amily membe s who p opi ia e he de elopmen o di e se s ess ac o s. This synd ome is a nega i e and pe sis en s a e o mind and i has been ela ed o ce ain pe sonali y ai s such as: sensi i i y o c i icism, lack o us owa d o he s, di icul y in es ablishing social con ac s, and low psychological adjus men . In his s udy, 88% o s uden s a e conce ned abou hei sel -ca e and abou ca ing o hei pa ne s. I is wo h highligh ing ha h ee ou o e e y i e s uden s om ou s udy a e posi i e hinke s. Nu ses, as he cen e o he heal hca e s a mus y o collabo a e in p ese ing a wo k en i onmen ha p omo es heal hy in e pe sonal ela ionships and o do so i is necessa y o hem o hink posi i ely. This will esul in mo e e ec i e in e ac ions wi h he heal hca e s a and he pa ien s, a be e esolu ion o con lic s, and lowe le els o ension in se ices.23 26.8% o ou s uden s ha e pe iodic heal h con ols and show an in e es in hei sel -ca e and 88.4% a e conce ned abou ca ing o hei pa ne s. This e lec s he esponsibili y indi iduals eel abou hei heal h and ha o hei pa ne s. I would be expec ed ha , due o hei aining, nu sing s uden s would all be awa e o he isks o hei own heal h and ha o o he s. Mo ing on o o he beha io s ela ed o oadway sa e y, ou s uden s as pedes ians, d i e s, o passenge s in public anspo a ion a e mos ly espec ul 102 In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1) Ma ía de los Ángeles Rod íguez-Gázquez • Sa a Chapa o-He nandez •José Ra ael González-López o a ic no ms. Howe e , 24.5% no wea a sea bel when d i ing o iding as a passenge . This is an inapp op ia e conduc , gi en ha i is es ima ed ha his sa e y de ice diminishes he isk o he d i e ’s dea h due o c ashes by 40% and ha o o passenge s by 25%.24 The main conclusion o his s udy is ha an impo an p opo ion o nu sing s uden s om he public uni e si y s udied has inadequa e li es yles, which means de e ed isks o he de elopmen o ch onic diseases. Today’s nu sing s uden s will be omo ow’s p o essionals, and o ul ill hei ca egi ing unc ion, hey no only equi e knowledge bu should also main ain beha io s ha allow hem o imp o e and p o ec hei own heal h and ha o o he s. I necessa y o de elop in e en ions especially aimed a he c ea ion o he enhancemen o heal hy beha io s and owa d he educ ion o hose conduc s ha a e heal h isks. Pa icula ly, he ole o nu ses is essen ial o he success ul implemen a ion o p e en ion s a egies since hey ac as heal h ad oca es. The e is no be e ime o accomplish his objec i e han du ing he s uden s’ ime in he uni e si y, gi en ha his ins i u ion no only has he esponsibili y o aining p o essionals, i is also an agen which p omo es he heal h, well- being, and quali y o li e o hose who s udy and wo k he e, hus os e ing knowledge and skills aimed a heal hy li es yles. S uden s a e mos ly young indi iduals who a e a a s age in li e in which some o he mos impo an conduc s o adul li e can s ill be shaped. Gi en his, he uni e si y is a unique en i onmen o oppo uni ies o p omo e he de elopmen o he maximum heal h po en ial. Limi a ions. The i s limi a ion was ela ed o he ac he esponses om he pa icipan s o ques ions om he esea ch we e sel - epo ed and we e no e i ied. Howe e , he anonymi y o he ques ionnai es a o s a g ea e since i y when answe ing he ques ions. Ano he limi a ion was ha he c oss-sec ional na u e o he s udy does no pe mi he es ablishing o causal ela ionships be ween li es yles and he independen a iables. Ne e heless, i was possible o explo e some associa ions ha pe mi he designing o u u e analy ic s udies ha will indica e mo e p ecisely he signi icance o he ela ionships ound. The las limi a ion was he di icul y o compa ing he esul s wi h o he in es iga ions because i was he i s esea ch using he FANTASTIC scale in nu ses. Re e ences 1. Wo ld Heal h O ganiza ion (WHO). (2014). Global s a us epo on noncommunicable diseases 2014 [In e ne ]. WHO: Gene a; 201 4[ci ed Oc obe 1, 2015]. A ailable om: h p://www.who.in / global-coo dina ion-mechanism/publica ions/ global-s a us- epo -ncds-2014-eng.pd 2. Ma u ani M, Tamu a S, Miyazaki M, Amamiya Y. E alua ion o cul u ally app op ia e heal h counselling o p e en li es yle- ela ed diseases and i s modi ica ion o p ac ical use as he new ABC model o cul u ally app op ia e counselling o Japanese public heal h nu ses. In J Nu s P ac . 2013; 19 (S2): S39–49. 3. Pende NJ, Mu daugh CL, Pa sons MA. Heal h p omo ion in nu sing p ac ice. Uppe Saddle Ri e , Nue a Je sey, Uni ed S a es: Pea son Educa ion; 2010. 4. Bu ke E, McCa hy B. The li es yle beha iou s and exe cise belie s o unde g adua e s uden nu ses: A desc ip i e s udy. Heal h Educ. 2011; 111(3):230-46. 5. Rod iguez-Gazquez MA, Massa o MM, Ma inez LM, He nández-Be ío LM , He e a-O ega LI, Rendón-Pe ei a GJ. Fac o es de iesgo pa a en e me dad ca dio ascula en alumnos de en e me ía de la Uni e sidad Pon i icia Boli a iana. En e m Clin. 2006;16:85-88. 6. Khaldoun MA, Clin on M. How male Jo danian Psychia ic Nu ses became Regula Smoke s a Uni e si y: Lessons in Tole ance, Cul u al Iden i y and S ess Reduc ion. Nu s Heal h. 2013; 1(3):52-60. 7. Malik S, Blake H, Ba M. How heal hy a e ou nu ses? New and egis e ed nu ses compa ed. B i J Nu s. 2011; 20(8):489-96. 8. Wilson DM, Ciliska D. Li es yle assessmen : es ing he FANTASTIC ins umen . Can Fam Physician. 1984; 30:1863-6.