Management of Built Heritage Via The HBIM Project: A Case Study Of Flooring And Wall Tiling

Vi ual A chaeology Re iew, 7(14): 1-12, 2016 h p://dx.doi.o g/10.4995/ a .2016.4349 © UPV, SEAV, 2015 Recei ed: No embe 18, 2015 Accep ed: May 5, 2016 * Co esponding Au ho : Juan En ique Nie o, jenie [email protected] DOI: h p://dx.doi.o g/10.4995/ a .2016.4349 1 MANAGEMENT OF BUILT HERITAGE VIA THE HBIM PROJECT: A CASE STUDY OF FLOORING AND WALL TILING LA GESTIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO CONSTRUIDO A TRAVÉS DEL PROYECTO HBIM: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO DE PAVIMENTOS Y ALICATADOS Juan En ique Nie o*, Juan José Moyano, Fe nando Rico and Daniel An ón Depa amen o de Exp esión G á ica e Ingenie ía en Edi icación, Escuela Técnica Supe io de Ingenie ía de Edi icación, Uni e sidad de Se illa, A enida Reina Me cedes, 4A, 41012, Se illa, España. [email p o ec ed]; j[email p o ec ed]; [email protected]; dan [email protected] Abs ac : Building In o ma ion Modelling (BIM) is a collabo a i e sys em ha has been ully de eloped in he design and managemen o indus ies in ol ed in A chi ec u e, Enginee ing and Cons uc ion (AEC) sec o s. The e a e, howe e , e y ew s udies aimed a managing in o ma ion models in he ield o a chi ec u al and cul u al he i age in e en ions. This esea ch he e o e p oposes an inno a i e me hodology o analysis and ea men o he in o ma ion based on a ep esen a i e 3D g aphic model o he loo ing and wall iling o a his o ic building. The objec i e is o se up a model o g aphic in o ma ion which gua an ees he in e ope abili y o he a o emen ioned in o ma ion amongs he di e se disciplines in e ening in he conse a ion and es o a ion p ocess. The Pa illion o Cha les V, a Renaissance- cha ac e ised building loca ed in ou doo a eas o he Alcaza o Se ille, Spain, was selec ed o he s udy. This wo k cons i u es a p ojec o in e en ion based on He i age o His o ic Building In o ma ion Modelling, called he “HBIM P ojec ”. Key wo ds: HBIM P ojec , His o ic Building In o ma ion Modelling, pa imonial in o ma ion model, pho og amme ic es i u ion, A chi ec u al A chaeology, BIM. Resumen: El Modelado de In o mación pa a la Cons ucción (BIM) es un sis ema colabo a i o que ac ualmen e es á plenamen e desa ollado en el diseño y la ges ión de las indus ias in oluc adas en el sec o de la A qui ec u a, Ingenie ía y Cons ucción (A chi ec u e, Enginee ing and Con uc ion- AEC). En cambio, en el ámbi o de las in e enciones en el Pa imonio Cul u al y A qui ec ónico, son muy pocos los es udios dedicados a ges iona modelos de in o mación. Po ello, es a in es igación p opone una me odología inno ado a de análisis y a amien o de la in o mación basada en un Modelo g á ico 3D ep esen a i o de pa imen os y alica ados de un Edi icio His ó ico. La inalidad es c ea un modelo de in o mación g á ica que ga an ice la in e ope abilidad de dicha in o mación en e las di e sas disciplinas que in e ienen en el P oceso de Conse ación y Rehabili ación Pa imonial. Pa a el es udio, se ha seleccionado el Cenado de Ca los V (o de la Alcoba); edi icio de ca ác e enacen is a pe enecien e a los espacios ex e io es del Alcáza de Se illa, España. Es e abajo cons i uye un p oyec o de in e ención basado en un modelo de in o mación pa imonial o del edi icio his ó ico, denominado “P oyec o HBIM”. Palab as cla e: P oyec o HBIM, His o ic Building In o ma ion Modelling, modelo de in o mación pa imonial, es i ución o og amé ica, A quelogía de la A qui ec u a, BIM. 1. In oduc ion Digi al in o ma ion sys ems a e now he p ima y ools o scien i ic esea ch in he ield o cul u al and a chi ec u al he i age managemen . Meye e al. (2007) p oposed a i ual en i onmen implemen ed by Geog aphic In o ma ion Sys ems (GIS) o esea ching in he ield o cul u al and a chi ec u al he i age. In addi ion, he e has been an ad ance based on he di ision o a building in o pa s in he o m o box sys ems conduc ed ia GIS in o de o documen , ca alogue and manage he es o a ion p ocess. The la es enqui ies in sys ems which a e applied o a chi ec u al he i age models ange om a wo-dimensional (2D) GIS sys em o a 3D-con en model o buil he i age p ese a ion and managemen . This is possible hanks o he simpli ied pa ame ic models ha a e sui able o indus ial elemen s and hose models om mode n a chi ec u e. Te ms ein o cing he concep o His o ic Building In o ma ion Modelling (he eina e HBIM) in ol e he es ablishmen o p e en i e conse a ion as a eal quo idian need, he exchange o in o ma ion and he dissemina ion o knowledge o a chi ec u al he i age (O eni 2013). NIETO e al., 2016 2 Vi ual A chaeology Re iew, 7(14): 1-12, 2016 O he lines o esea ch on he subjec suppo Ci y GML as a s anda d me hodology o 3D in o ma ion s o age ha is ela ed o a chi ec u al he i age (P ie o e al. 2012). Ci y GML is an implemen a ion scheme o spa ial da a exchange. I s objec i e is o de ine basic en i ies h ough: a ibu es; 3D model ela ions; and design p inciples based on geome ic p ope ies and seman ics. Al hough his model does no mee a chi ec u al he i age documen a y needs, i can be ex ended wi h “Co e Da a S anda d o A chaeological Si es and Monumen s”. Fo he esea ch discussed in his pape , 3D modelling — in o med by lase scanning and pho og amme y — is used o de elop an e icien and accu a e ep esen a ion o di e se and complex a chi ec onic s uc u es. The po en ial o use hese models o simula e and isualize possible u u e o pas condi ions is made possible by Building In o ma ion Modelling (he eina e BIM). The essence o BIM is o achie e a da abase o g aphic and alphanume ic in o ma ion whe e each pa icipa i e discipline in eg a es i s knowledge in pa ame ic so wa e and adap s o building ea u es in a coo dina ed manne . Thus, BIM becomes a s a egy o collabo a ion ha implies he exchange o con en s and anspa ency be ween all he ac o s, he eby c ea ing a eamwo k- based cul u e (Ga agnani 2012). Recen esea ch in o his app oach suppo s he applica ion o his echnology o newly cons uc ed buildings, whe e owne s, builde s and ins alle s pa icipa e in he unc ionali y o BIM. Howe e , an inc easing numbe o main enance in e aces and unc ionali ies a e now being applied o ex an buildings (Volk e al. 2014). The e a e s udies in he ield o in o ma ion modelling esea ch ha enable i ual econs uc ion, h ough me ic plans and documen a y e idence, o aise awa eness conce ning demolished public buildings ha belong o los he i age (Boeykens e al. 2012). The ecogni ion o BIM as a echnology is due o he mul i-disciplina y knowledge base whe e li e-cycle p ocesses, o example ope a ion, enewal and de elopmen o he g owing in en o y o he i age si es a e managed (Fai e al. 2011). Ne e heless, his echnology as a cen e o da a eco ds o a chi ec u al he i age documen a ion has ye o be ully explo ed (Fai e al. 2013). In his espec , i is o be conside ed ha disciplines such as a chaeology, which p oduces in o ma ion eco ds as a whole, a e expanding since s udies in o objec s a e becoming mo e in dep h, and he eby causing sys ems o be mo e complex. One o he main challenges o implemen ing BIM in he AEC sec o has been in e ope abili y wi h exis ing in o ma ion managemen sys ems bo h wi hin indi idual disciplines and be ween disciplines. This con inues o be an a ea o ac i e esea ch (Demian and Wal e s 2013; G ilo and Ja dim-Goncal es 2010). I is signi ican in his con ex ha communica ion be ween he di e se p o essionals in ol ed in a chi ec u al he i age is o en ime e en mo e complex han in he cons uc ion indus y. Each discipline in he es o a ion and ehabili a ion o his o ic buildings p esen s i s own peculia i ies. A chi ec s, a chaeologis s, a his o ians, es o e s, and pho og aphe s cons i u e he a is ic labou in ol ed in he p ocedu e s o in e en ion. Pa icipa ion in his kind o mul idisciplina y wo k equi es he es ablishmen o sha ed hypo heses, da a exchange and analyses o esul s. Ne e heless, majo p oblems a ise in he compa men alisa ion and duplica ion o in o ma ion. I is now widely accep ed in he ield o a chi ec u al he i age ha an in e na ional s anda d o in o ma ion managemen needs o be es ablished. The case s udy p esen ed in his pape is de eloped wi hin he amewo k o he p eceden s discussed abo e, whe e a 3D model wi h da a eco ds is c ea ed in he audi s age. The audi s age can be de ined as he amoun o ope a ions ca ied ou o asce ain he na u e o a his o ic building. I also in oduces a wo king hypo hesis abou he mosaics and iling a eas. This s udy has been implemen ed using well es abished me hodologies o s a ig aphic analysis as he basis o a chaeology and a chi ec u e. Following González (2003), he main phases o es o a ion o monumen s — eading, e lec ion and in e en ion — he p ojec should be in e p e ed as he ul ima e exp ession o hypo heses ha only subsequen e i ica ion will a i y. A p ojec o in e en ion — he so-called HBIM P ojec , which includes an in o ma ion model o he i age — admi s he applica ion o in e se enginee ing by using pa ame ic objec s in o de o cons i u e cons uc ion pa s. These a e c ea ed by means o lase scanning and pho og amme ic echniques (Do e and Mu phy 2014), he eby making i possible o achie e cu en s a e diagnosis. The e o e, he s a ing poin should be a BIM suppo ed by he a o emen ioned p ecise modelling echniques (Mu phy e al. 2009) o he pu pose o becoming he co e o an in e en ion p ojec in a chi ec u al he i age. This will assis he p o essionals in ol ed in de ining he ch ono ypological sequence wi h he cha ac e isa ion and indi idualisa ion o a iables in he analysis o acings (Azka a e 2002). 2. Me hod and cons uc ion p ocess o he HBIM P ojec o loo ing and iling This p ojec o ganises in o ma ion in he HBIM by de ining cons uc ion elemen s, il e ing da a and isualising wall s uc u es. The subjec o ou case s udy is he Pa illion o Cha les V (Fig. 1). Buil in he mid-six een h cen u y ollowing he design o Juan He nandez, i is a quin essen ial Spanish Renaissance building. Loca ed in he Ja din de la C uz o he Alcaza o Se ille, i is conside ed an a chi ec u al monumen o g ea he i age alue and has been lis ed as a UNESCO He i age Si e since 1987. The Pa illion cu en ly p esen s buiding pa hologies ha a e he esul o de e ed main enance. Planning he HBIM P ojec in ol es he o ganisa ion o in o ma ion h ough a p o ocol c ea ed simul aneously wi h he cons uc ion o he BIM and bo h he his o ical and he physical-cons uc ional analysis o he Pa illion. MANAGEMENT OF BUILT HERITAGE VIA THE HBIM PROJECT: A CASE STUDY OF FLOORING AND WALL TILING Vi ual A chaeology Re iew, 7(14): 1-12, 2016 3 Figu e 1: Sou h-wes pe spec i e o he Pa ilion in he HBIM P ojec . In his i s s age, in o ma ion ela ed o geome y, polych omies, cons uc ion me hods, and de e ed main enance a e ga he ed oge he along wi h hose elemen s ha a e he ocus o ou s udy — loo ing and iling. As a second s ep, all elemen s a e o ganised in o ca ego ies and inse ed in o he model. A chiCAD o e s an a ay o unc ions o de ine building elemen s and p o ides a subs an ial lib a y o pa ame ic objec s and ma e ials. This BIM so wa e wo ks wi h a se ies o laye s ela ed o a cons uc ion ca ego y, bu i is necessa y o es ablish new laye s depending on he his o ic building analyses so ha elemen s iden i ied in an in e en ion can be assembled in he modelling p ocess. These laye s se e as simple con aine s o elemen s g ouped by cha ac e is ics including dimensions, ma e ials and unc ion in he building. Howe e , i is occasionally necessa y o so hese elemen s wi hin he g oup by hei spa ial loca ion o de ec ed pa icula i ies. In his way, he classi ica ion in o ca ego ies ( ypology, s uc u al unc ion, posi ion, and ehabili a ion s a us) o e e y elemen displayed in he model con ibu es o he HBIM. Subsequen o his p ocess, he iden i ica ion o each pa ame ic objec is ca ied ou . A cha ac e is ic iden i ie (ID) ela ed o he classi ied cons uc ion pa s is applied. The pu pose o hs iden i ie is o iden i y and clus e he elemen s speci ic o each disciplines in ol ed in he es o a ion p ocess and o acili a e he ep esen ion in hese elemen s in discipline speci ic d awings. A il e ing p ocess is equi ed o display in o ma ion om he model in s ages depic ing he empo al and cons uc ional e olu ion o he building. This p ocess is conduc ed using speci ic ools om A chiCAD so wa e ha suppo g aphic da a exchange be ween he di e se p o essionals ha comp ise he mul idisciplina y wo k eam. The low cha in Figu e 2 ou lines he p ocess o de eloping an ad anced HBIM. This in ol es wo dis inc phases. Fi s , a su ey o ga he ing 3D da a using lase scanning and pho og amme y (Mu phy e al. 2009). Second, he de elopmen o a building in o ma ion model o he managemen o a chi ec u al he i age. The main p oposal o his esea ch se s h ee ac ion le els: he a o emen ioned su ey in o de o adjus he images o he model by means o pho og amme ic ec i ica ion; he iden i ica ion and ca aloguing o i egula pieces; and inally he managemen o in o ma ion. Figu e 2: P oposal o he HBIM P ojec . Modelling wi h pa ame ic elemen s in he 2.1. HBIM P ojec Cu en ly, BIM so wa e includes design ools o model elemen s om cons uc ion sys ems, such us slabs, pilla s, jois s and oo s. These elemen s a e de eloped as pa ame ic objec s o a chi ec onic pieces, s anda dised p o iles and pa s om al eady pa en ed echnological sys ems. BIM de eloped o use in he A chi ec u e, Enginee ing and Cons uc ion (AEC) indus y a e op imized o new buildings. While he modelling p ocedu e is he same in he case o an his o ic building, signi ican challenges a ise when he model is buil wi h cons uc ion elemen s de ined acco ding o his o ical da a. In hese cases, i is necessa y o adap he so wa e o use adi ional cons uc ion echniques and ma e ials. This in ol es he explo a ion his o ical-cons uc ional s ages, whe e Geome ic Desc ip i e Language (GDL) lib a ies a e used o c ea e a p imi i e model by ollowing an ideal geome y. Pa ame e s a e subsequen ly modi ied as he explo a ion o pa hologies p og esses. Recen s udies highligh he capaci y o c ea e a his o ical amewo k ha con ains an ex ensi e pa ame ic lib a y o a chi ec onic ea u es based on manusc ip s o a chi ec u e (Mu phy e al. 2013). This wo k ep esen s an ad ance in he gene a ion o a chi ec u al in e en ion models, whe e GDL objec s acili a e accu a e pa ame ic modelling o adi ional ma e ials and me hods o cons uc ion wi hin a BIM en i onmen . NIETO e al., 2016 4 Vi ual A chaeology Re iew, 7(14): 1-12, 2016 2.1.1. O ho- ec i ica ion o su ace mapping The use o o ho- ec i ied pho og aphy as an e ec i e ool o he documen a ion o cul u al he i age is s udied well es ablished in cu en scien i ic li e a u e (e.g. McCa hy 2014). Fo he HBIM P ojec , in o ma ion is s uc u ed in acco dance wi h he logical es o a ion p ocess in o de o acili a e he es i u ion p ocedu e and o p e en e o s. To his end, a new, ixed and conside ably long ocal leng h — g ea e han he dep h o he Pa illion’s loggias — was needed. I was decided o pho og aph consecu i ely a ound he pe ime e o he building and o a oid he columns. Pho og aphs we e aken pe pendicula ly o he iling using a single lens e lex (SLR) digi al came a Canon EOS 500D wi h an 18-55 mm lens, exposu e alue /3.5-5.6 and 18 mm ocal leng h. Figu e 3: Sec o isa ion o iling a eas in he no he n açade o he Pa ilion. Bo de s and changes in deco a ions a e delimi ed la e by speci ying hei coo dina es o acili a e he cha ac e isa ion o he walls. Da a ans e is hen ca ied ou by agmen ing he su ace o he wall in he model, classi ying i in unc ional sec o s and iden i ying each o he pieces o essella ion (Figs. 3 and 4). These pieces a e shown and iden i ied wi h labels in each dimensioned sec o o he ele a ion by u ilising he <Mo ph> ool in A chiCAD. 2.1.2. Mapping and agmen ing o he HBIM P ojec In o de o map he iled su aces o he Pa iillion, o ho- images a e associa ed wi h he ‘wall inish’ laye o he model. A unique ex u e is c ea ed o each sec o o iled wall — o deco a i e elemen — o e he su ace and is included in he su ace lib a y o he A chiCAD so wa e. This me hod allows o a pho o- ealis ic mapping o he iles and iezes. This allows elemen s o be explo ed mo e easily on he su ace o he wall: ashla and b ick bonding, iling, iezes and deco a i e de ails. This acili a es he analysis o peculia i ies and his o ical cha ac e is ics o ma e ials and allows o a ypological iden i ica ion o each piece be o e unde aking hei eins a emen . The bo de s o indi idual iles a e delinea ed u ilising he <Pencil> ool om he Edi ing Pale e. The o ho-image associa ed wi h he acing <Mo ph> o he walls is used as a empla e. Once he ec o g id o hose pieces is concluded, iles a e selec ed in e ms o hei ypology o ob ain new isola ed shapes ( ile and ieze) om he a ea, which is hen agmen ed (Fig. 5). Figu e 4: Visualisa ion o he model in he HBIM P ojec . MANAGEMENT OF BUILT HERITAGE VIA THE HBIM PROJECT: A CASE STUDY OF FLOORING AND WALL TILING Vi ual A chaeology Re iew, 7(14): 1-12, 2016 5 Figu e 5: Sub-elemen s wi h he same ypology a e con e ed in o isola ed elemen s. This me hodology enables he geome y o he wall o be accu a ely eco ded. Howe e , i should be aken in o accoun ha ce amic iles om he 16 h cen u y a e o en damaged. In he speci ic case o he Pa illion, audi ed pa hologies show a no iceable i egula alignmen , wi h signs o con inuous epai s. As a esul , acing each indi idual ile (using he <Wall> ool in A chiCAD) would ha e been a i esome and imp ecise ask. Ins ead, we used a speci ic API in A chiCAD o expedi e he acing and au oma ically c ea e a no malized ec o g id (wi h i s o iginal ID: Az-NI_Cen). A e his ask, he iden i ica ion p ocess and piece labelling wi h iden i ie s was pe o med. In he case o he cen e-le acing in he no he n açade, his was accomplished by using he names o animals and my hological cha ac e s ha had been depic ed: ho se, cen au , wol , monkey, sa y and unico n. I is impo an o no e ha he pieces (as isola ed elemen s) main ain he image o he co esponding ile wi hin he ma ix (Fig. 6). Figu e 6: Iden i ica ion o pieces in he cen al le -hand sec o o he acing in he no he n açade. NIETO e al., 2016 6 Vi ual A chaeology Re iew, 7(14): 1-12, 2016 2.1.3. Iden i ica ion o pieces o loo es o a ion The ex ao dina y composi ion o mosaics and clay iles, bo h delimi ed by ce amic bo de s and inse s o ming equidis an squa es and adial shapes, p esen ed pa hologies caused by he p esence o lime in he wa e and he ab asion linked o he cladding. The pieces a e iden i ied acco ding o hei geome ic shape: ci cle, hea , s a , lowe , oc agon, o al, pen agon, hombus, o al hombus and iangle. The p ocedu e o delimi ing and iden i ying pieces is simila o ha used in wall iling. The i s s ep in ol ed he con e sion o he elemen <Slab> ( he loo o he oom) in o ool <Mo ph> in o de o connec i o he o ho-image om he loo (Fig.7). Figu e 7: Top iew o he loo mapped wi h mul iple o ho- ec i ica ed sho s. The Pa illion o Cha les V. He e, ollowing he same wo k me hod, he bounda ies o loo iles, iezes and cen al sec o s con aining inse s (ce amic hombic and ec angula pieces) a e delinea ed using he <Pencil> ool om he Edi ing Pale e wi hin he <Mo ph> ool, bu wi hou di iding he loo in o pa s (Fig. 8). Once his has been pe o med, he ec o g id is supe imposed on o he image o he loo , which is comp ised o a ious closed geome ic shapes. Only a single ensemble is hi he o cons i u ed; he e, howe e , he di ision o he ma ix in o <Mo ph> sub- elemen s is ca ied ou in o de o iden i y pieces by indi idual ypologies. Floo iles, pe ime e iezes, hombus mosaics and he e ex pieces in he cen al a ea a e all di e en ia ed. Finally, clay iles a e isola ed om he es o he loo and con ain hei espec i e o ho-image adjus ed wi hou unde aking o he ope a ions (Fig. 9). Figu e 8: Dema ca ion o loo iles and iezes in he oom o he Pa illion. Figu e 9: Floo sec o ised in o ypologies depending on i s il e ing: Shape ype, Floo Tiles laye , ID o he elemen . MANAGEMENT OF BUILT HERITAGE VIA THE HBIM PROJECT: A CASE STUDY OF FLOORING AND WALL TILING Vi ual A chaeology Re iew, 7(14): 1-12, 2016 7 Figu e 10: a. Session model wi h loo ing once ou lined. b. Floo sec o ised by ypologies: Shape, Floo Tiles laye , elemen ’s ID. The ensuing s ep is o classi y each loo ile wi h i s own ID and a label in e ms o he mo i i displays. Fo ins ance, FT-O al ID is used o he piece O al. When he iles a e so ed acco ding o hei kind, hey can be added he new laye c ea ed (Fig. 10). 2.1.4. Labelling o pieces in es o a ion wo ks The 2D plan and ele a ion p ojec ions a e p oduced once all o he pieces om he loo iles, iezes and he es o he deco a i e agmen s om he loo ha e been iden i ied. Labels unc ion as ex blocks o op ional symbols linked o cons uc ion pa s and 2D pa e ns. In gene al, he ID is shown in he label as he basic iden i ica ion o all elemen s o he HBIM P ojec , bu he e a e cases in which in o ma ion in plans mus be imp o ed by adding mo e da a o ease he labou o esea che s in es o a ion. Va ious ypes o labels a e u ilised in he case o he Pa illion o Cha les V. Fo ins ance, Az-ND_Cen indica es he iling o he no he n acing, cen ally loca ed in he igh -hand sec o . Each piece o ile is indi idually labelled in his p ocess. The i s label speci ies he posi ion o he piece wi h espec o a ela i e e e ence poin (eg. lowe le ) in o de o compose an a ay o coo dina es p io o disman ling he iles o o -si e es o a ion. Addi ional in o ma ion on each piece appea s in wha we ha e e med he “second label”. This includes ypology, mo i and p ese a ion s a us. I also shows iden i ica ion o i s classi ica ion. Fo example, A001Nci o he idged ile wi h he mo i Goa , loca ed in he uppe le -hand side o he cen al sec o o he no he n acade (Fig. 11). This ad anced label is called he Label Mul ileade (h p://www.mas e sc ip .nl/), and is associa ed wi h each ile and possesses wo signa u es, one o ca ego isa ion and ano he o in o ma ion om he audi . (a) (b) Figu e 11: Pa ial ele a ion o he iling sec o Az-NI_Cen: a) Tex u e; b) Labels o iden i ica ion. 2.1.5. Associa ion o ma e ials and cons uc ion sys ems In o de o iden i y a speci ic elemen wi hin a la ge a ea unde s udy, a cons uc ion ma e ial om he A chiCAD da abase is linked o he piece. The so wa e pe mi s access o a ca alogue o physical p ope ies such as he mal conduc i i y, densi y and hea capaci y. I is hen subdi ided in o cons uc ion ypologies selec ed om s anda d o cus om op ions. Da a ela ed o ma e iali y, geome y, assembly, and o he physical p ope ies is in eg a ed in he BIM. This da a can be consul ed by all p o essionals wo king on he p ojec . Di e se elemen s ( iles, iezes and mosaics) a e p esen in he acing in his s udy. In o de o iden i y geome ic al e a ions in all pieces o he same ma e ial, physical p ope ies, and iden ical p oduc ion sys em, he s uc u e NIETO e al., 2016 8 Vi ual A chaeology Re iew, 7(14): 1-12, 2016 and ex e nal appea ance we e linked o a ec o g id which is associa ed wi h he shape and he dis inc i e ex u e o each ypology o pieces. Figu e 12 shows he edi ion o a cons uc ion ma e ial o a Ridged Vi i ied Tile. Figu e 12: Edi ion o he Ridged Vi i ied Tile. 2.1.6. Da a managemen and lis s o elemen s Once he g aphic p ocedu es o sec o isa ion, classi ica ion and iden i ica ion o iling and loo ing ha e been achie ed, he da abases can be composed. A basic c i e ion ha de ines he in o ma ion is es ablished so ha da a can be il e ed and iewed. The so ing o elemen s by hei in e io o ex e io posi ion wi hin he model (Fig. 13) and by hei ehabili a ion s a us among o he s anda ds is necessa y o hei classi ica ion by amilies in he model. The inse ed pieces a e iden i ied in iling and loo ing and hen a egis e o s a ig aphic uni s is c ea ed (al eady iden i ied in he a chaeological s udy). I is also possible o lis p esen pa hologies and de o ma ions in ce ain elemen s o he Pa ilion. Finally, cha s ob ained o he in en o y and explo a ion o elemen s o his HBIM P ojec display ows whe e pieces a e iden i ied by ypes. All a ie ies o iles and iezes a e in en o ied in he no he n ex e io acing o he building (Fig. 14). In he case o he loo , he in en o y shee holds in o ma ion on 183 loo iles, making a o al a ea o 26.57 m2. The g id composed o pe ime e iezes as a g oup and is iden i ied as he Pa -F ieze uni , makes 8.90 m2. O he da a o in e es o he comple ion o he shee by he es o a ion specialis appea s in he es o he columns, and includes ch onology, da ing, conse a ion s a us and a mosphe ic, biological, mechanical and chemical agg ession (Figs. 15 and 16). Figu e 13: Sec ion o he model o he Pa illion o Cha les V in he HBIM p ojec . MANAGEMENT OF BUILT HERITAGE VIA THE HBIM PROJECT: A CASE STUDY OF FLOORING AND WALL TILING Vi ual A chaeology Re iew, 7(14): 1-12, 2016 9 Figu e 14: Visualisa ion o he In en o y Shee o Tiles om no he n ex e io acing. Figu e 15: In en o y cha o he pieces in he in e io loo ing.