Paraprotella saltatrix, a new species of the Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Phuket Island, Thailand

273 Phuke Ma ine Biological Cen e Special Publica ion 23(1): 273–280 (2002) PARAPROTELLA SALTATRIX, A NEW SPECIES OF THE CAPRELLIDEA (CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA) FROM PHUKET ISLAND, THAILAND Ichi o Takeuchi1 and José Manuel Gue a-Ga cîa2 1Depa men o Li e Conse a ion Ecology, Facul y o Ag icul u e, Ehime Uni e si y, 3-5-7 Ta umi, Ma suyama, Ehime 790-8566, JAPAN 2Labo a o io de Biologîa Ma ina, Depa amen o de Fisiologîa y Biologîa Animal, Facul ad de Biologîa, Uni e sidad de Se illa, Apdo. 1095, 41080 Se illa, SPAIN ABSTRACT Pa ap o ella sal a ix sp. no . is desc ibed om specimens om Phuke Island, he Andaman Sea coas o Thailand. Pa ap o ella sal a ix di e s om P. p ima Maye , 1903 by he lack o la e al p ojec ions on head and pe eoni e II and by he u opod being educed o a single se a. No single male specimen o P. sal a ix could be ound among he mo e han 70 specimens o P. sal a ix collec ed, indica ing he possibili y ha P. sal a ix is pa henogene ic. INTRODUCTION Al hough he opical a eas o he Indo-Paci ic a e well ecognised as ha ing a high species di e si y o ma ine in e eb a es, cap ellidean amphipods ha e a ely been eco ded om hese a eas wi h he excep ion o Maye (1903) and Laubi z (1991). Recen ly, Takeuchi and Sawamo o (1998) eco ded i e species o he Cap ellidea om he Sou h China Sea and Gul o Thailand. Howe e , mos o hese specimens had been damaged and accu a e desc ip ions o es ablish new axa o o edesc ibe specimens could no be achie ed. In Thailand, hi een species o cap ellidean a e known om he coas o he Gul o Thailand (Maye , 1903; McCain and S einbe g, 1970) bu , un il now, none ha e been eco ded om he Andaman Sea coas . Du ing Ma ch 1999, he senio au ho , had an oppo uni y o conduc a p elimina y ield su ey on he sou he n coas o Phuke Island while isi ing he Phuke Ma ine Biological Cen e , and collec ed se e al species o cap ellidean. Among he collec ed ma e ial we e 71 specimens o an undesc ibed species o which males a e appa en ly lacking. This species is he e desc ibed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ma e ial om he BIOSHELF p og am was sen o he senio au ho o inclusion in his olume. Un o una ely his ma e ial was in a condi ion ha p ecluded accu a e desc ip ion o axonomic pu poses. Howe e , he senio au ho had made collec ions om his egion, and ha ma e ial is he e desc ibed. Samples o a ious ypes o subs a a on which cap ellideans we e expec ed o inhabi we e ca e ully de ached om ocks and opes. Samples we e collec ed om se e al locali ies a ound sou h- wes a ea o Phuke Island and placed immedia ely in indi idual plas ic bags. Samples we e b ough o he labo a o y and opened in a shallow ay illed wi h seawa e . The cap ellideans we e hen picked ou using o ceps and p ese ed in 5 % neu alised seawa e – o malin. O he specimens examined, wo indi iduals, a ma u e emale (holo ype) and a p ema u e emale (pa a ype ‘sma ’), we e d awn using a came a lucida: he body leng h o all specimens was measu ed using a p o ile p ojec o . Holo ype and se e al pa a ype specimens a e deposi ed in he Re e ence Collec ion o Phuke Ma ine Biological Cen e (PMBC), Thailand. 274 In e na ional Wo kshop on he C us acea o he Andaman Sea TAXONOMY Family Cap ellidae Genus Pa ap o ella Pa ap o ella sal a ix sp. no . (Figs 1–4) Ma e ial examined Holo ype: PMBC 14936, Female, ma u e, o no h-eas co ne o Aeow Island, 07°45.92´N, 098°24.06´E, 28.5°C , SCUBA, 12 m, coll. I. Takeuchi, 23.03.1999. Pa a ypes: PMBC 14937, Female ‘sma ’, p ema u e, PMBC 14938, Lo A, 2 ma u e, 10 p ema u e and 3 imma u e emales, same da a as holo ype, and Lo B, 4 ma u e, 31 p ema u e and 17 imma u e emales, PMBC pie , 07°48.10´N, 098°24.35´E, 29.0°C, by hand, 1 m, coll. I. Takeuchi, 25.03.1999. Desc ip ion Ma u e emale, holo ype. Body leng h, 8.08 mm; head and pe eoni es slende . Pe eoni e V longes , ollowed by pe eoni e III. Leng h o head 0.57 mm; leng h o pe eoni es I–VII 0.76, 1.29, 1.45, 1.22, 1.67, 0.63 and 0.49 mm, espec i ely. Head wi h elonga e iangula p ojec ion; eyes la ge and dis inc i e. Pe eoni e I wi h o wa dly ben p ojec ion nea pos e io end o do sal su ace. Pe eoni e II wi h pai o small mid-la e al p ojec ions and a pos e io p ojec ion. Pe eoni e III and IV wi h a shallow mid-do sal p ojec ions, espec i ely. An enna I elonga e, nea ly 0.8 as long as body; p opodus a icle 2 longes . Flagellum sligh ly longe han p opodus, 19-segmen ed. An enna II a li le mo e han 0.3 imes as long as an enna I; p opodus a icles 2 o lagellum a icle 1 sca cely se ose. Gna hopod I, me us o p opodus se ose. P opodus 1.5 imes as long as wide. Gna hopod II posi ioned abou 0.3 om he an e io end. Basis 1.5 imes as long as pe eoni e II, dis ally wi h iangula p ojec ion. P opodus elonga e, 2.5 imes as long as wide, wi h 3 p ojec ions on palm; hooked spine on small p ojec ion si ua ed 0.20 om p oximal end; second p ojec ion si ua ed 0.40 om dis al end; hi d p ojec ion sepa a ed by “U” no ch om second p ojec ion 0.25 om dis al end o palm; palm be ween g asping p oximal p ojec ion and second p ojec ion wi h se a i o m ee h, sca cely se ose. Dac ylus alca e. Pe eopod III minu e; a icle 1 ec angula , a icle 2 o a e, sca cely se ose; a icle 3 es igial wi h 3 se ae. Pe eopod IV simila o pe eopod III. Pe eopods V, VI and VII becoming p og essi ely mo e obus . Pe eopod V elonga e; ca pus longes ollowed by basis, me us and p opodus. P opodus cylind ical and con ex wi h a pai o long se ae nea p oximal end o palm. Pe eopod VI wi h p opodus longe han ca pus. P opodus o pe eopod VII de eloping pai o g asping spines nea p oximal end o palm ins ead o long se ae on pe eopods V and VI. Mou hpa s. Maxilliped inne pla e o ec angula , wi h 2 pai s o se ae nea dis al ma gin; ou e pla e o al, 2.5 imes as long as inne pla e, wi h 2 se ae on dis al ma gin and 5 se ae on la e al ma gin. Palp a icle 2 wi h 5 se ae on medial ma gin; a icle 3 se ose on dis al hal o la e al pa ; a icle 4 alca e weakly in e io ly cu ed and inely se ose nea dis al end; maxilla 1 ou e pla e o oblong wi h 5 s ou apical ee h, dis al pa o palm wi h 4 apical ee h ollowed by 2 se ae. Ou e pla e o maxilla II apezoid, wi h apical se a; palm wi h ow o apical se ae. Le mandible wi h a icle 3 o palp wi h 2-7-1 se ae o mula (see ema ks); a icle 2 wi h 3 se ae on la e al pa ; inciso di ided in o 5 ee h, and lacinia mobilis di ided in o 5 ee h ollowed by 3 inely se ose se ae. Righ mandible simila o le mandible excep o lacinia mobilis wi h 7 small ee h ollowed by 2 inely se ulose se ae. Uppe lip weakly no ched. Lowe lip wi h inne lobe sepa a ed in o 2 ound lobe and ou e lobe. Abdomen. U opod degene a ed in o 1 se a. Abdominal lobe wi h 2 apical se ae. Female, pa a ype ‘b’. Body leng h, 5.81 mm. Pe eoni e V longes . Pe eoni es III and IV wi h s aigh do sal line. An enna I wi h lagellum 11- segmen ed. 275 Phuke Ma ine Biological Cen e Special Publica ion 23(1): 273–280 (2002) Figu e 1 Pa ap o ella sal a ix sp. no . A, ma u e emale, holo ype, PMBC 14936; B, p ema u e emale, pa a ype ‘b’, PMBC 14937. Ba indica es 1.0 mm. 276 In e na ional Wo kshop on he C us acea o he Andaman Sea Figu e 2 Pa ap o ella sal a ix sp. no . Ma u e emale, holo ype, PMBC 14936. A, an enna I; B, an enna II; C, gna hopod I; D, gna hopod II. Ba s indica e 0.2 mm. Type locali y Aeo Island, o he sou h-eas e n coas o Phuke , Thailand. E ymology The epi he sal a ix is de i ed om ‘dancing lady’ alluding o he shaking and clinging beha iou o Pa ap o ella sal a ix sp. no . Rema ks Gene ic and species diagnoses o he Cap ellidea ha e been usually based on ma u e males. Maye (1903) es ablished he genus Pa ap o ella Maye , 1903 based on wo species: P. p ima Maye , 1903 ( om Singapo e, Thailand and Japan) and P. secunda Maye , 1903 ( om Japan) (Maye 1903, A imo o 1976). McCain and S einbe g (1970) designa ed P. p ima, as he ype species o Pa ap o ella. Al hough no adul male specimen was a ailable, compa ison be ween he p esen ma e ial o Pa ap o ella sal a ix and he diagnosis and 277 Phuke Ma ine Biological Cen e Special Publica ion 23(1): 273–280 (2002) Figu e 3 Pa ap o ella sal a ix sp. no . Ma u e emale, holo ype, PMBC 14936. A, pe eopod III; B, pe eopod IV; C, pe eopod V; D, pe eopod VI; E, pe eopod VII. Ba s indica e 0.5 mm. desc ip ion o he ma u e emale o P. p ima (Maye , 1903; A imo o, 1976) p o ided a clea di e ence in he species diagnosis. 1) In P. sal a ix head and pe eoni e II lack la e al p ojec ions, while in P. p ima hese wo somi es ca y dis inc p ojec ions. 2) In P. sal a ix, pe eoni es III and IV lack he la e al p ojec ions, while in P. p ima hese pe eoni es III and IV ca y dis inc p ojec ions. 3) In P. sal a ix he u opod o he ma u e emale is es igial and has degene a ed in o one se a, while in P. p ima new species i is uni amous. O he abo e h ee diagnos ic poin s, he u opod cha ac e has usually been ega ded as o gene ic signi icance. Recen ly, he u opod on he abdomen o Cap ella has been obse ed o de elop om single se a o be p obably uni amous du ing pos ma supial g ow h (Takeuchi, 1989; Mo i, 1999). This, oge he wi h he lack o male specimens, sugges s ha he di e ence be ween he u opods o P. sal a ix and P. p ima is no 278 In e na ional Wo kshop on he C us acea o he Andaman Sea Figu e 4 Pa ap o ella sal a ix sp. no . Ma u e emale, holo ype, PMBC 14936. A; maxilliped; B, maxilla I; C, maxilla II; D; le mandible; E, igh mandible; F, lowe lip; G, uppe lip; H, en al iew o abdomen. Ba s indica e 0.05 mm. necessa ily su icien o jus i y a new genus. Al hough Pa ap o ella secunda has no been as well-desc ibed as P. p ima (Maye , 1903), Maye (1903) desc ibed he p esence o la ge la e al p ojec ion on pe eoni e VI o male, 7 mm in body leng h, and ea u e o emale, 8 mm in body leng h. Pa ap o ella sal a ix which o a simila size o P. secunda, bu he lack o la e al p ojec ion in P. sal a ix allows he clea sepa a ion om P. secunda. In gene al, se a o mula o he hi d a icle o mandibula palp in Pa ap o ella and ela ed gene a was exp essed by o mula ‘1-x-y-1’ (Maye , 1903; McCain, 1968; A imo o, 1976). This o mula indica es he p esence o 1 long se a a ei he end o ow o a iable numbe o sho se ae (x) and in e media e one (y) (McCain, 1968). The se al ow o he hi d a icle o mandibula palp in P. 279 Phuke Ma ine Biological Cen e Special Publica ion 23(1): 273–280 (2002) sal a ix has 2 long se ae nea p oximal end ollowed by 6 sho se ae and 1 long se ae. Thus, he se al o mula o he p esen species is newly assigned as 2 (long se ae nea p oximal end)-x (numbe o sho se ae)-1(long se ae nea apical end). Pa ap o ella sal a ix may be i s eco ded case o pa henogenesis in he Cap ellidea. No males we e ound among he 71 specimens o P. sal a ix collec ed om Aeo Island and he Cape Panwa (Fig. 5). The imma u e s age o P. sal a ix anged 2.95–5.25 mm in body leng h, he p ema u e s age om 4.00–6.40 mm, and ma u e s age eached a maximum o 8.20 mm. This biased sex a io is no expec ed om he ma ing sys em o he Amphipoda and om he p e ious s udies on he sex a io o he Cap ellidea. Cap ella, he mos well-s udied genus o he Cap ellidea, and Deu ella a e epo ed no o be ex emely biased om 1:1 (males: emales) (e.g., Lewbel, 1978; Bynum, 1978; Caine, 1979; Takeuchi and Hi ano, 1991, 1992). Gene ally, emales o Amphipoda do no s o e spe m, and emales a e able o successi ely p oduce emb yos se e al imes a e sexual ma u i y (e.g., Bo owsky, 1991). Thus, once a emale a ains he ma u e s age, a male mus accompany he emale o each ime o e ilisa ion which occu s a e e e y moul ing. Pa heno- genesis in he Amphipoda has been suspec ed only in a ew species o he subo de s Gamma idea and Hype idea; e.g., Co ophium bonnelli Milne Edwa ds, 1830 (C aw o d,1937; Moo e, 1981; Mye s e al., 1989), and Rhabdosoma, a pelagic genus o he Hype idea (Fage, 1954; Cha niaux- Co on, 1960). In he nea u u e, labo a o y ea ing expe imen s on P. sal a ix om newly ha ched ju eniles un il hei ma u a ion in isola ion a e expec ed o elucida e hei li e his o y, and allow hei ep oduc i e beha iou o be de ailed, especially whe he his species is pa henogenesis o no . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The au ho s exp ess hei since e hanks o M . Somchai Bussa awi and s a o he Phuke Ma ine Biological Cen e o hei kind help o he sampling nea he Cen e , and D . Niel L. B uce o kindly a anging he submission o he p esen pape o he P oceedings o he Wo kshop: Biodi e si y o C us acea in he Andaman Sea. The p esen s udy was pa ially suppo ed by he Coope a i e In e na ional Resea ch on Ma ine and Coas al En i onmen . 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