[Review] “F. Bessone, M. Fucecchi (edd.), The Literary Genres in the Flavian Age: Canons, Transformations, Receptions, Berlin/Boston, De Gruyter, 2017. Vii+361 pp. ISBN 978-3-11- 065851-4”. Euphrosyne 47, 2019, 519-522.

LIBRI RECENSITI 519 A penúltima secção, dedicada à prosa romana e à literatura enciclopédica, compreende três estudos. Gesine Manuwald (“‘Political Intratextuality’ with regard to Cicero’s Speeches”, pp. 409-421) procede à análise intratextual da obra ciceroniana, analisando, em quatro partes, as alusões internas que Cícero faz dentro da sua própria obra, dos discursos políticos ao género epistolar. Therese Fuhrer (“On the Economy of ‘Sending and Receiving Information’ in Roman Historiography”, pp. 423-429) descreve, num breve texto, “the techniques of sending and receiving information” (p. 423) ao utilizar o retrato de Fúlvia no Bellum Catilinae de Salústio, para analisar que tipo de informação é enviada e recebida no texto historiográfico e de que tipo de conhecimento dispõem as personagens presentes nas obras de historiografia. Esta secção é encerrada com o texto de Ulrike Egelhaaf-Gaiser (“Saturnalian Riddles for Attic Nights: Intratextual Feasting with Aulus Gellius”, pp. 431-447). Nele, a A. defende o estudo intratextual da obra de Aulo Gélio e divide o seu trabalho em quatro partes, explorando, entre vários temas, a relação entre o título e o corpo do texto de cada capítulo e a fragmentação de unidades temáticas dentro dos capítulos. Richard Hunter, em “Regius urget: Hellenising Thoughts on Latin Intratextuality” (pp. 451-469), encerra o presente volume destacando que a intratextualidade na literatura latina depende, também, das práticas e métodos aplicados à literatura grega. Recorre a três casos de estudo em concreto: a presença de Empédocles na Arte Poética de Horácio, a importância de Platão para o estudo da intratextualidade e a ideia de necessidade literária e narrativa. O livro é encerrado por três secções distintas: “List of Contributors” (pp. 471-475), “General Index” (pp. 477-482) e “Index Locorum” (pp. 483-496). Embora se sinta a falta de uma parte destinada ao romance latino, em particular uma análise intertextual do Satyricon, o livro que agora se recenseia é uma obra que se apresenta fundamental para o estudo da inter e intratextualidade na literatura latina pela qualidade dos trabalhos e pela extensa variedade de autores e de géneros estudados. Estou, pois, convicto de que a vontade dos editores (“the present volume will hopefully show some of the trails tested under the sign of its title”, p. 1) se cumpre plenamente. GABRIEL A. F. SILVA Centro de Estudos Clássicos da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa [email protected] F. BESSONE, M. FUCECCHI (edd.), The Literary Genres in the Flavian Age. Canons, Transformations, Receptions, Berlin / Boston, De Gruyter, 2017. VII + 361 pp. ISBN 978-3-11-065851-4 This volume brings together the essays presented at the conference I generi letterari nell’età dei Flavi. Canoni, trasformazioni, ricezione, which took place at Turin in September 2013. The quality of editors and contributors would suffice to assure the value of the book. However, that comment alone does not do it justice. This is a timely book for Flavian studies, which addresses a challenging subject. As the editors explain, intense scholarship on Flavian literature over the last decades has overcome the prejudices which lay behind the label “Silver Age” applied to post-Augustan literature. It is now recognised that self-conscious Flavian literature arises out of a tension between tradition and innovation, search for novelty, experimentalism (p. 1). The editors call attention to these aspects before identifying the aim of the volume, which “intends to investigate the dynamics of genres in the literary production of the Flavian age as a whole: including prose and poetry, the main literary forms, all major authors” (p. 1). The volume is composed of an introduction followed by seven thematic sections. The very introduction (pp. 1-15) is a valuable instrument. The editors identify major 520 LIBRI RECENSITI subjects for reflection, thus creating a useful agenda for the reader who is trying to find her / his way through the extensive and provocative area proposed by Bessone and Fucecchi: the evolution and reshaping of genres in straight relation to historical and cultural changes, which entails, among other, the genres’ interaction with each other, the author’s self-presentation, the sense of “secondariness” and the authors’ response to it (p. 2), the function of occasional poetry, features of the new phase of Roman Callimacheanism (p. 3). The first section of the volume, “Genres and the Literary History”, brings Mario Citroni to Quintilian in a chapter titled “Antiqui, veteres, novi: images of the literary past and the impulse to progress in the cultural program of Quintilian” (pp. 19-45). Citroni starts by examining the terminology involved in “the periodization of cultural ages” (p. 23) and the conclusions it might lead us to. Citroni then comments on Quintilian’s account of Greek and Latin literature in book 10 to focus on the complexity of the latter. What is meant by “archaic literature” is a very relevant topic of the discussion; another one is Quintilian’s stance on innovation. Thomas Baier explores “Quintilian’s approach to literary history via imitatio and utilitas” (pp. 47-61). He stresses that utilitas was the criterion that guided Quintilian’s approach to Greek and Latin literature in book 10 and suggests that the author’s concept of imitatio, which in his view is stimulated by utilitas, might have been Epicurean. Baier explains why “we may enroll (…) [Quintilian] among the modernizers in the Flavian age” (p. 61). “Encyclopedism and Oratory” join together in the second section, which features Pliny the Elder and Pliny the Younger. Sandra Citroni Marchetti’s essay, “Contingat aliqua gratia operae curaeque nostrae: an ethic of care in the Naturalis historia” (pp. 65-82), considers cura in the Natural History. This investigation is based on the idea that “at the centre of the work (…) is a sense of care which, though relating to specific (and for us also alien) aspects of the patriarchal society to which the author belonged, has an affinity with our own notion of a care ethic. It is towards this ethic of care that Pliny, with his sensitivity for the vulnerability, weakness and frustration of the other, moves, even simply through the effectiveness of his writing” (p. 82). In the essay “Roman oratory and power under the Flavians: some case studies from Pliny the Younger” (pp. 83-99), Andrea Balbo starts by pointing out that there are opposite opinions regarding the state of oratory in the first century (as illustrated by Quintilian and Tacitus). Balbo offers, in his own words, “a short critical survey” of oratory in the Flavian period (pp. 85-89) and then presents “two case studies from Pliny the Younger” that help illustrating “the relationship between the orators and Flavian power” (p. 89). From the passages are stake, Ep. 1.18.3 and 1.5.5-7, the figure of Cicero emerges as a symbol of the Republic, contrasting with what is to be found in the times of Empire (p. 99). “Tradition and Poetics of the Epigram” is represented by Canobbio and Morelli. In the chapter “Bipartition and non-distinction of poetical genres in Martial: magnum vs parvum” (pp. 103-116), Alberto Canobbio returns to the aesthetic issue of defining poetry through the Callimachean labels magnum / parvum, reworked by the Neoterics and the Augustans. Canobbio makes clear that Martial’s and Statius’ appropriation and reworking of that opposition diverge in a significant way. Alfredo Morelli’s study “Catullus 23 and Martial. An epigrammatic model and its “refraction” throughout Martial’s libri” (pp. 117- -135) explores the epigrammatists’ allusions to Catullus’ epigramma longum on “ridiculous poverty” (p. 117). Catullus 23 is, in the author’s words, a “special case” in the relationship between Catullus and Martial, providing one of the most productive models of the Flavian epigrammatist, who keeps coming back to it almost until the end of book 12. The section on “Occasional Poetry and Literary Genres” begins with an essay by Elena Merli, “The festinatio in Flavian poetry: a clarification” (pp. 139-155). Merli examines the motif of the festinatio, a “modern topos” (p. 139). She shows that a study of the motif is not to be reduced to its use in the Silvae, in which it does have a peculiar significance (the original and bold move of publishing festinati poems for the wider public, p. 154). Merli traces the topic back to Ovid’s exile poetry and extends the analysis to Antipater of Thesssalonica and Martial. In an essay titled “Scattered remarks about the LIBRI RECENSITI 521 ‘non-genre’ of Statius’ Silvae. The construction of a minor canon?” (pp. 157-166), Alessia Bonadeo revisits the problem of the genre of the Silvae. She analyses Statius’ characterization of his own poetry in the prefaces, namely his reference to the Culex and the Batrachomachia as a means of sanctioning his “minor” poetry, as happens also in Martial’s epigrams (the Apophoreta’s section on books is scrutinised). In the next chapter, Carole Newlands takes us to “The early reception of the Silvae: from Statius to Sidonius” (pp. 167-184). She emphasises that Sidonius’ reading of the Silvae calls our attention to how deeply this work is intertwined with the Thebaid (pp. 167-168, 180-183) and discusses also the reason why Sidonius does not highlight the “improvisional character” of the Silvae (pp. 179-180). “Models and Transformations of the Epos” delves into Flavian epic as “post-Vergilian”, in all the complexity now recognised as underlying such label (p. 12). In the essay “The Argonautica of Valerius Flaccus and the Latin tradition on the beginning and end of history (Catullus, Virgil, Seneca)” (pp. 187-200), Jacqueline Fabre-Serris examines Valerius’ models – Homer and Vergil, Varro of Atax, Catullus 64, Seneca’s Medea – in terms of the positive and negative readings of the myth of the Argonauts, and what they have to say about “the origins and changes of the world order” (p. 188). Andrew Zissos (“Generic Attire: Hypsypyle’s Cloaks in Valerius Flaccus and Apollonius Rhodius”, pp. 201-228) studies one example of Valerius’ renewed definition of characters inherited from the tradition of the Argonauts: Hypsypyle. By the pietas shown in the episode of Thoas’ rescue, Hypsypyle acquires epic dignity and undergoes a process of Romanization; she is “almost ‘a female Aeneas’”, in the editors’ words (p. 12). Zissos explores the ekphrasis of the cloak she offers to Jason in book 2 and the reference to the piece in the following book. “War and Generic Tensions” is the longest section of the book. Helen Lovatt’s theme is “the beauty of war” (“The beautiful face of war: Refreshing epic and reworking Homer in Flavian poetry”, pp. 231-252). She concentrates on a passage of Thebaid 8, namely on the march out motif, to study Statius’ reading of Homer, where “a keen sense of the paradoxical beauty of war” (p. 235) is already to be found. Lovatt examines how Statius interacted with Virgil and Lucan in his depiction of the beauty of war, which she also traces in Tacitus, to conclude that “the beautiful face of war in Latin epic is summed up in the physical beauty of the hero” (p. 250). The following essay, “Epic on the edge: generic instability at the pivotal centre of Silius’ Punica (10.336-371)” (pp. 253-268), is authored by Joy Littlewood. Her focus is on the central episode of Cannae, which marks the middle of the Punica. In Hannibal’s pivotal “moment of hesitation” regarding the attack on the city and in his dream, Littlewood interprets that “the poet creates an illusion of generic instability for dramatic purposes” (p. 254). For this end, Silius complexifies the dream “through intra-generic tensions between historical and mythological epic from opposite ends of the epic spectrum” (p. 267). In the chapter titled “Silius, Sicily, and the poetics of generic conflict: Grosphus in Punica 14.208-217” (pp. 269-282), Raymond Marks is interested in the interaction of epic with non epic. He studies the portrait of Rome’s Sicilian ally Grosphus in Punica 14, a book devoted to Marcellus’ offensive in Sicily, with reference to Horace’s Grosphus Ode (Carm. 2.16). Marks calls attention to the relevance of the “small” genres and of the Callimachean-neoteric tradition in Silius’ epic (p. 271). Horace’s Carmina reappear in Alison Keith’s essay on Achilleid’s interaction with lyric poetry (“Lyric resonances in Statius’ Achilleid”, pp. 283-295). Keith points out that Horace’s Odes underlie Statius’ programmatic statements and his presentation of Achilles and indicates that technical vocabulary of lyric is to be found in the hero’s depiction as singer and master of lyric. Moreover, Keith notes that Statius’ self-presentation as poet in the Achilleid entails allusions to his own lyric poetry (p. 283). The last section of the volume is dedicated to “Epic and Other Genres”. In the chapter “Burial scenes: Silius Italicus’ Punica and the Greco-Roman historiography” (pp. 299-315), Antony Augoustakis looks at the interaction between epic and historiography. He focuses on scenes of cremation and burial in the Punica to discuss their stand towards historiographical models, both Greek and Latin. Christine Reitz turns to the interaction between 522 LIBRI RECENSITI epic and philosophy in the essay “Is Capaneus an Epicurean? A case study in epic and philosophy” (pp. 317-331). She finds echoes of Epicureanism, namely of Lucretius’ poem, in Statius’ Thebaid. She examines in particular the death of Capaneus (book 10), just to finish by questioning the very hypothesis that Statius might be entering philosophical debate: “Do I want to argue that Statius is taking part in a philosophical discussion? And why would Statius choose the story of Capaneus for such a discourse – Stoic and Epicurean theory competing in the punishment of a well-known sinner?” (p. 330). As the editors announce in the Introduction, this volume encompasses an array of perspectives and methodological approaches to the proposed theme. Some contributions bring entirely new ideas, such as those on the Punica, while other return to inescapable topics – even so, bringing forth fresh readings –, such as the “genre” (or “non-genre”) of the Silvae or Martial’s play with Callimachean aesthetics. Overall, the essays fit very well together and establish a new, highly welcome, and solid resource for Flavian scholarship. ANA LÓIO Centro de Estudos Clássicos da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa [email protected] ESTEBAN CALDERÓN BARCA, SABINO PEREA YÉBENES (edd.), Estudios sobre el vocabulario religioso griego, Madrid / Salamanca, Signifer Libros, 2016 (Signifer. Monografías y Estudios de la Antigüedad Griega y Romana; 49). 253 pp. ISBN 978-84-16202-09-6 O presente volume reúne um conjunto de ensaios sobre a terminologia religiosa grega, da autoria de reconhecidos investigadores na temática, tanto espanhóis como de outras nacionalidades. Na apresentação (pp. 9-10), José García López enquadra as circunstâncias do surgimento da obra. Merece destaque Esteban Calderón Dorda, especialista a quem se deveu a responsabilidade da edição, juntamente com A. Morales Ortiz, do volume Estudios de religión griega, publicado em 2011 com a mesma chancela. O esforço, como se afirma, a que este volume dá corpo não é inédito; pelo contrário, tem, como precedentes, grandes obras de filólogos sobre a religião dos antigos Gregos (como as W. K. C. Guthrie ou de U. Van Willamowitz). Estes estudiosos terão acentuado certos termos que aparecem com frequência nos estudos sobre religião grega. Os editores do presente volume entendem que este estudo prévio pode ser encontrado nos trabalhos sobre a fenomenologia da religião “con su estudio y análisis de fenómenos, reflejados luego en una terminología religiosa, empleada por los estudiosos de las distintas religiones del mundo, entre ellas la griega antigua” (p. 9). Calderón Dorda e Perea Yébenes, segundo o autor do prefácio, conseguiram neste volume reunir um amplo e variado número de especialistas internacionais sobre o tema da religião grega. Para trabalharem sobre o vocabulário e a terminologia deste campo de estudo, mergulharam no uso que desses termos se faz na literatura grega (épica, lírica, dramática, historiográfica, filosófica, etc.), nos testemunhos epigráficos, em textos sobre magia e astrologia. O propósito é demonstrar “lo que se puede investigar y aportar en el interesante campo de la religión en el mundo griego antiguo y las muchas posibilidades que el léxico ofrece” (p. 10). O volume não obedece a uma organização discernível por áreas ou subáreas temáticas ou de campos específicos de investigação. No primeiro ensaio, Tommaso Braccino (pp. 11-25) ocupa-se do riso sobre o sagrado, com um estudo sobre o vocabulário religioso do Philogelos, que é uma recolha de anedotas legada pela Antiguidade e datável por volta dos séculos IV-V d.C. Nas páginas seguintes (pp. 27-44), Estéban Calderón Dorda faz a análise conceptual e de léxico religioso em Sófocles. Segue-se o ensaio de José Antonio Clúa Serana (pp. 45-57), que parte de uma premissa – o fascínio duradoiro dos Gregos pelas “inven-