Almada's notes for the memory of Orpheu

Almada’s(Notes(for(the(Memory(of(Orpheu( ! Sílvia Laureano Costa* Jerónimo Pizarro** ( Keywords( ! Orpheu,!José!de!Almada!Negreiros,!Portuguese!Modernist!generation,!Inter7artistic,!Avant7 garde.! ( Abstract( ! Our!present!proposal!is!to!critically!revisit!a!limpid!and!very!personal!text!written!by!José! de! Almada! Negreiros,! Orpheu! 1915+1965,!and! rediscover! the! Portuguese! Modernist! generation!in!the!words!of!this!artist.! ! Palavras8chave( ! Orpheu,! José! de! Almada! Negreiros,! Geração! modernista! portuguesa,! Inter7artes,! Vanguarda.! ! Resumo(( ( Com!este!ensaio,!propomos!a!leitura!de!um!texto!límpido!e!muito!pessoal!escrito!por!José! de! Almada! Negreiros,! Orpheu! 1915+1965,! redescobrindo! assim! a! geração! modernista! portuguesa!nas!palavras!deste!artista.!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! *!IELT7FCSH!/!UNL.! **!Universidad!de!los!Andes.! Costa & Pizarro Almada's Notes Pessoa Plural: 11 (P./Spring 2017) 156 Celebrating(Orpheu(' ( In!2015,!Orpheu,!the!magazine!and!the!generation!of!artists!linked!to!it,!celebrated! its!100th!birthday.!Centenaries!are!usually!opportunities!to!look!back!and!reflect!on! legacies,!but!also!to!look!forward!towards!future!possibilities.!! In!1913,!José!de!Almada!Negreiros!(189371970)!–!known!as!Almada!–!left!an! ironical!note!in!the!catalogue!of!the!second!exhibition!of!the!Group!of!Portuguese! Humorists:!“A!data!mais!memorável!da!minha!individualidade!será!por!certo!a!de! 1993,!quando!universalmente!se!festejar!o!centenário!do!meu!nascimento”![“The! most!memorable!date!related!to!my!own!individuality!will!most!certainly!be!that! of!1993,!when!the!centenary!of!my!birth!shall!be!universally!celebrated”]!(ALMADA,! 1913:!14).1! May!we!say!as!much!for!the!Orpheu!magazine!in!the!midst!of!the!recent! centennial! (and! international)! celebrations?! The! artists! related! to! Orpheu! were! aware!of!the!breach!their!gesture!of!modernity!provoked!within!the!Portuguese! artistic!expression!of!the!XXth!century.!To!celebrate!Orpheu!is!(also)!to!keep!Orpheu! alive.! But!Orpheu!already!celebrated!its!50th!birthday!in!19652.!In!those!days!three! of!its!authors!were!still!alive!(Almada,!Côrtes7Rodrigues!and!Guisado),!but!“tanto! a!revista!como!a!geração!que!nela!se!revelou!não!tinham!uma!aceitação!unânime”! [“neither! the! magazine! nor! the! generation! it! revealed! had! an! unanimous! acceptance”],!as!Nuno!JÚDICE!(2015:!69774)!remarks.!It!was!necessary!to!rediscover! Orpheu.!! According!to!this,!our!present!proposal!is!to!critically!revisit!a!clear!and!very! personal! text! written! by! José! de! Almada! Negreiros,! Orpheu! 1915+1965,!and! rediscover!Orpheu!in!the!words!of!this!Portuguese!artist.! Almada!was!not!the!only!member!of!the!Portuguese!Modernist!generation! to!write!a!text!about!Orpheu,!but!he!was,!as!we!see!it,!the!one!who!left!the!most! prominent! “notes! for! the! memory”3!of! the! group! that! formed! around! the! magazine.!His!notes!are!not!the!“notes!for!the!memory”!of!a!master;!this!figure!did! not!exist,!and!Pessoa!confirmed!this!point:!“No!Orpheu,!corrente!ou!revista,!não! havia!chefes!nem!mestres”![“In!Orpheu,!the!literary!movement!or!the!magazine,! there!were!neither!leaders!nor!masters”]!(PESSOA,!2009:!91).!Almada’s!notes!were! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1!The!catalogue!includes!a!portrait!of!Fernando!Pessoa!by!Almada,!with!the!following!legend:!“O! Senhor!Fernando!Pessoa,!vulgo!o!Pessoa”![Mr.!Fernando!Pessoa,!commonly!known!as!Pessoa”].! 2!The!volume!has!been! carefully!anoted!by!Alejandro!GIRALDO!in! a! reedition! based! on!a! hand7 written!version,!a!typed!versión!and!a!render!of!the!format!for!the!final!versión!left!by!Almada! Negreiros.!!See!the!bibliography!at!the!end!of!this!document.!! 3!Referring!to!a!text!of!Álvaro!de!Campos,!“Notas!para!a!recodação!do!meu!Mestre!Caeiro”![“Notes! for!the!Memory!of!My!Master!Caeiro”].!Almada!was!familiar!with!this!text,!which!was!published! for!the!first!time!in!Presença,!n.º!30,!Coimbra,!January7February!1931.!! Costa & Pizarro Almada's Notes Pessoa Plural: 11 (P./Spring 2017) 157 rather!destined!to!evoke!a!moment!in!history,!that!can!only!be!seen!in!retrospect!as! such,!and!that!will!never!finish!being!recounted!nor!“trapped”.!For!Almada,!this! moment!of!artistic!modernity!was!the!consequence!of!a!happy!encounter!between! writing!and!painting.!In!fact,!it!is!hard!to!imagine!a!more!inter7artistic!age!than!that! which!occurred!at!the!beginning!of!the!twentieth!century,!and!the!historical!avant7 gardes! may! be! understood,! as! Almada! wanted,! as! one! of! the! most! important! outcomes!of!the!mingling!of!different!art!forms,!as!well!as!that!of!art!forms!with! various!sciences,!trends,!and!disciplines!of!all!types.! ! They,(Orpheu' ! Before!we!undertake!the!reading!of!Almada’s!text,!let!us!take!a!look!at!the!names! of!those!who!formed!the!group!of!Orpheu.!It!is!not!enough!to!consult!the!table!of! contents!of!the!different!issues.!The!list!was!modified!with!the!passing!of!the!years,! due!to!forgetfulness!and!circumstances!of!the!moment,!and!we!could!almost!say! that!it!was!divided!among!protagonists,!collaborators!and!the!“audience”,!this!last! a!label!given!by!Pessoa.! !If!we!use!the!two!issues!that!were!published!as!a!guide,!Orpheu!was!formed! by:!Luís!de!Montalvor!(189171947),!Mário!de!Sá7Carneiro!(189071916),!Ronald!de! Carvalho!(189371935),!Fernando!Pessoa!(188871935),!Alfredo!Pedro!Guisado!(18917 1975),!José! de!Almada! Negreiros!(189371970),! Armando!Côrtes7Rodrigues! (18917 1971),!José!Pacheco!(188571934),!Ângelo!de!Lima!(187271921),!Eduardo!Guimaraens! (188271928),! Raul! Leal! (188671964),! Santa7Rita! Pintor! (188971918)! and! perhaps! António! Ferro! (189571956),! who! appears,! in! jest,! as! an! editor! but! who! never! contributed!any!text.!We!say!“perhaps”,!because!Almada,!on!December!3rd!1935,! with! seven! members! of! the! generation! already! deceased! (Pessoa! died! on! November!29th),!and!having!celebrated!the!twentieth!anniversary!of!Orpheu!in!the! Sudoeste!magazine!(November!1935)4,!sent!a!letter!to!the!director!of!the!Diário!de! Notícias!in!which!he!asked!the!director!to!correct!a!piece!of!information.!According! to! the! letter,! –! also! found! in! Almada’s! Archive! ANSA7RI762! –! Ferro! was! not! a! representative! contributor! of! Orpheu.! He! adds,! “(…)! serem! hoje! únicos! representantes!vivos!do!Orpheu!Luís!de!Montalvor,!Alfredo!Guisado!e!eu,!mais!o! colaborador! extraordinário! do! Orpheu,! Dr.! Raul! Leal”! [“Today,! the! only! living! representatives!of!Orpheu![are]!Luís!de!Montalvor,!Alfredo!Guisado!and!I,!as!well! as!the!extraordinary!contributor!Dr.!Raul!Leal”]!(NEGREIROS,!1935:!n.p)! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 4!In!this!magazine,!dedicated!to!the!20th!anniversary!of!Orpheu,!Fernando!Pessoa!signs!the!article! “Nós,!os!de!Orpheu”![“We,!Orpheu”],!which!contains!an!imprecision:!when!referring!to!the!Brazilian! authors!Ronald!de!Carvalho!and!Eduardo!Guimaraens!he!says!that!they!are!missing!because!of!the! “motivos!de!estreiteza!de!tempo!e!largueza!de!distância”![“lack!of!time!and!excess!of!distance”],!not! mentioning!that,!by!then!(November!1935)!both!had!already!died.!! Costa & Pizarro Almada's Notes Pessoa Plural: 11 (P./Spring 2017) 158 !It!seems!that,!in!this!letter,!Almada!forgets!to!mention!Côrtes7Rodrigues,! whether! because! Almada! was! not! able! to! include! any! of! Côrtes7Rodrigues’s! contributions!in!Sudoeste!3!or!because!Côrtes7Rodrigues!had!“disappeared”!to!an! Azorean! island,! just! as! Pessoa! refers! in! his! article! “Nós! os! de! Orpheu”! [“We,! Orpheu”]!(1935:!3);!but!Almada!is!emphatic!when!it!comes!to!Ferro:!he!was!alive! but!he!neither!contributed!to!nor!represented!Orpheu.!Despite!the!fact!they!were! friends,!and!actually!collaborated!with!each!other!on!some!occasions;!for!example,! Ferro!presents!Almada’s!conference!A!invenção!do!dia!claro![The!Invention!of!the!Clear! Day],!in!1921,!at!the!Naval!League,!in!Lisbon,!and!Almada!illustrates!diverse!texts! and!books!for!António!Ferro;!their!divergent!ideologies!end!up!creating!a!distance! between!them.!Director!of!the!National!Propaganda!Secretariat!of!the!Estado!Novo! in!1933,!Ferro!went!from!being!a!legal!minor!who!illegally!served!as!the!director!of! Orpheu!(an!illegality!that!pleased!Sá7Carneiro!and!Fernando!Pessoa!in!19155),!to! being!Salazar’s!right7hand!man.! Moreover,!in!Almada’s!archive!there!is!a!manuscript,!with!the!date!of!1936! attributed!to!it,!which!illustrates!the!clear!differences!between!Almada!and!Ferro6.! In!this!text,!which!bears!the!title!“Não!António!Ferro!não”![“No!António!Ferro! No”],! Almada! Negreiros! uses! the! plural,! “nós,! os! artistas! portugueses”! [“we,! Portuguese!authors”],!to!report!the!abusive!declarations!of!António!Ferro!about! the!relationship!between!art,!modern!artists!and!the!State,!which!were!published! by!the!Diário!de!Lisboa!on!the!28th!of!April!1936!and!by!the!Diário!de!Notícias!on!the! 17th!of!May!that!same!year.!Almada!Negreiros!accuses!Ferro!of:!! ! 2.º!De!estabelecer!propositadamente!em!público!a!confusão!entre!o!seu!nome!pessoal!e!a! entidade!cargo!que!ocupa!oficialmente.![...]! 4.º! De! fazer7se! passar! (sobretudo! no! estrangeiro)! por! animador! da! Arte! moderna! portuguesa!e!até!por!director!do!movimento!modernista!em!Portugal!![…]! 8.º!De!tomar!iniciativas!de!ordem!artística!como!Director!do!Secretariado!da!Propaganda! Nacional!sem!se!consultar!publicamente!com!os!artistas![…]! 11.º!De!dar!a!entender!em!público!que!o!Estado!faz!materialmente!o!bastante!pelos!artistas,! que!é!absolutamente!falso,!e!que,!sendo!falso!ilude!por!conseguinte!o!Estado!e!prejudica! colectiva!e!individualmente!os!artistas!portugueses![…]”.! ! ! 2nd,!deliberately!establishing!in!public!a!confusion!between!his!own!name!and!the!position! he!officially!occupies.![...]! 4th,!pretending!(especially!abroad)!that!he!is!a!promoter!of!Portuguese!Modern!Art!and! even!the!director!of!the!modernist!movement!in!Portugal!![…]! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 5!Mário!de!Sá7Carneiro,!with!Fernando!Pessoa’s!complicity,!chooses!António!Ferro!to!set!him!as! editor!of!the!Orpheu!magazine!because!he!was,!at!that!moment,!the!only!one!of!the!group!who!had! not!yet!reached!legal!age,!just!in!case!accusations!were!made.!See!PESSOA!(2009:!89).! 6!The! complete! document! is! in! Almada! Negreiros’s! archive:! ANSA7L7213! and! also! in! SANTOS,! Mariana! Pinto! dos,! Almada! Negreiros! confronta! António! Ferro:! um! documento!inédito! (separata),!in! Colóquio!Letras,!n.º!190,!Lisboa,!Fundação!Calouste!Gulbenkian,!Setembro/!Dezembro!2015.!! Costa & Pizarro Almada's Notes Pessoa Plural: 11 (P./Spring 2017) 159 8th,! taking! artistic! initiatives! as! the! Director! of! the! Ministry! of! National! Propaganda! without!consulting!the!artists![…]! 11th,!making!the!public!believe!that!the!State!materially!does!enough!for!the!artists,!which! is! absolutely! false,! and! that,! in! being! false! deludes! the! State! and! collectively! and! individually!damages!the!Portuguese!artists![…]”.!! (Almada!Negreiros’s!archive,!ANSA7L7213)! ! The!list!of!accusations! is!extensive!(we!here!present! only!some!as!an!example).! Almada!repudiates!any!affinity!with!Ferro’s!behaviour!serving!Portuguese!Art!and! as!a!Director!of!the!Ministry!of!National!Propaganda.!! !But!what!reveals!a!letter!published!the!7th!of!July!1915!in!the!newspaper!O! Mundo!is!that,!still!in!1915,!within!the!sequence!of!quarrels!aroused!by!the!Orpheu! magazine,!and!its!repercussion!in!the!printed!media!which!had!already!evolved! towards! political! issues,! António! Ferro! and! Alfredo! Pedro! Guisado! declared! themselves!distant!from!certain!Orphics,!“repudiamos!qualquer!solidariedade!com! esses!senhores”![“repudiating!any!solidarity!with!two!of!Orpheu’s!contributors”]:! Raul!Leal!published!a!violent!manifesto!in!1915,!and!as!Álvaro!de!Campos,!Pessoa! sent!an!sarcastic!letter!against!the!republican!politician!Afonso!Costa!and!his!party! to!a!Portuguese!newspaper!the!6th!July!1915!(cf.!PESSOA,!2014:!5377538).!! !! The(last(“Orphics”' ! Years!later,!Guisado!appears!as!one!of!the!Orpheu!group.!In!a!press!cutting!from! 1953!(O!Primeiro!de!Janeiro,!October!20th),!“the!three!boys!left!in!the!Orpheu!group”! are! Armando! Côrtes7Rodrigues,! who! has! been! “resuscitated”,! Alfredo! Guisado,! who!was!already!a!prominent!journalist,!and!José!de!Almada!Negreiros,!who!is! described!as!a!“painter”.!! ! ! Fig.(1.(Alfredo(Guisado,(Armando(Côrtes8Rodrigues'and(José(de(Almada(Negreiros,( O'Primeiro'de'Janeiro,(October(20th(1953.( ! !Dr.!Raul!Leal,!the!“extraordinary!contributor!to!Orpheu”!is!missing!in!the! photograph.!Had!nobody!heard!about!him!lately?!In!1959!he!published!a!text,!that! Costa & Pizarro Almada's Notes Pessoa Plural: 11 (P./Spring 2017) 160 has! been! unfairly! forgotten,! titled! “As! tendências! orfaicas! e! o! saudosismo”! [“Orphic!Trends!and!the!Saudosist!Movement”]!(LEAL,!1959:!17724).!Leal’s!absence! is! difficult! to! explain,! but! what! is! true! is! that! he! was! always! a! little! different,! marginal,! “extraordinary”,! and! his! “Devaneios! e! Alucinações”! [“Delusions! and! Hallucinations”],!to!cite!the!title!of!the!book!that!he!intended!to!publish,!never!fit! comfortably!into!Portuguese!literary!history.!! !In!1960,!the!newspaper!Diário!da!Manhã!dedicated!a!page!to!the!Azorean! poet!and!ethnographer,!Armando!Côrtes7Rodrigues,!publishing!a!photograph!in! which!he!is!accompanied!by!Raul!Leal.!! ! ! Fig.(2.(Raul(Leal(and(Armando(Côrtes8Rodrigues,'Diário'da'Manhã,(December(25th(1960.( ! !In! 1954,! Almada! Negreiros! is! called! by! the! restaurant! Irmãos! Unidos! in! Lisbon!to!create!a!special!work!evoking!Orpheu,!to!celebrate!the!group’s!meetings! Costa & Pizarro Almada's Notes Pessoa Plural: 11 (P./Spring 2017) 161 in! this! place.! Among! the! many! previous! attempts! there! is! one,! which! we! here! reproduce,!that!shows!two!young!people!(timeless)!reading!Orpheu!in!an!artistic! coffee7atelier!atmosphere.!On!the!brick!floor,!illuminated!by!a!strand!of!light,!there! is! a! list! with! some! of! the! names! of! the! Orpheu!group,! in! this! order:! “Fernando! Pessoa,!Luís!de!Montalvor,!Mário!de!Sá7Carneiro,!Côrtes7Rodrigues,!José!Pacheco,! Alfredo!Guisado,!Ronald!de!Carvalho,!Guimaraens,!José!de!Almada!Negreiros”.! The!list,!which!is!incomplete,!still!has!space!to!(who!knows)!be!completed!with!the! missing!names.!! ! ! Fig.(3.(Almada(Negreiros,(from(the(project(to(celebrate(the(Orpheu(group((1953854),(( FCG(CAM(DP(137.( ( But!the!painting!that!will!finally!hang!on!the!wall!of!the!restaurant!Irmãos! Unidos!will!be!the!famous!Portrait!of!Fernando,!duplicated!as!if!seen!in!a!mirror,! years!later!(in!1964),!for!the!Calouste!Gulbenkian!Foundation.!! Much!more!could!be!said!about!who!was!and!who!was!not!part!of!Orpheu! (page! proofs! from! Orpheu! 3! are! available7!and! a! draft! index! from! Orpheu! 4! is! known8),!but!we!believe!that!this!is!sufficient!to!define!the!most!“visible”!nucleus! of! contributors! before! and! after! 1935! (Pessoa! and! Côrtes7Rodrigues’s! correspondence!wasn’t!published!until!1945,!for!instance).!We!opened!this!section! mentioning!Raul!Leal,!and!it!is!important!to!note!that!Almada!never!forgot!Raul! Leal.!In!Orpheu!1915+1965,!Almada!even!stated!that!he!had!distanced!himself!from! those!in!the!group!who!wanted!to!marginalise!the!apocalyptic!philosopher.! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 7!Included!in!the!“Orpheu!Box”!edited!by!Steffen!DIX!published!in!2015!!by!Tinta7da7china.!! 8!For!the!history!of!Orpheu,!see!the!first!chapter!of!the!critical!volume!Sensacionismo!e!Outros!Ismos! (PESSOA,!2009;!especially!pp.!79782).! Costa & Pizarro Almada's Notes Pessoa Plural: 11 (P./Spring 2017) 162 ( Fig.(4.(Almada(Negreiros,(Portrait'of'Fernando'Pessoa((1954),( House(of(Fernando(Pessoa,(in(Lisbon.( ! ( Fig.(5.(Almada(Negreiros,(Portrait'of'Fernando'Pessoa((1964),( Calouste(Gulbenkian(Foundation,(FCG(CAM(64P66.( ! ! Costa & Pizarro Almada's Notes Pessoa Plural: 11 (P./Spring 2017) 163 ! ! Fig.(6.(The(fiftieth(anniversary(of(Orpheu,(O'Primeiro'de'Janeiro,(March(31st(1965.( ! Costa & Pizarro Almada's Notes Pessoa Plural: 11 (P./Spring 2017) 170 Sensationism)! were! created! by! Fernando! Pessoa,! who! also! imagined! other! less! aesthetical! isms,! such! as! political! Atlantism! and! religious! and! philosophical! Neopaganism;!3.!–!PESSOA!explained!Sensationism!as!a!synthesis!of!all!isms!(2009);! 4.! –! Pessoa! never! knew! how! to! properly! appreciate! other! art! forms! apart! from! literature,! but! within! the! open! spirit! of! Orpheu,! painting! (supposing! Santa! Rita! Pintor’s! compositions! can! be! described! as! painting,! even! though! he! was! a! self7 proclaimed!“Painter”)!coexisted!with!literature,!as!would!have!been!possible!with! music!or!sculpture,!art!forms!that!Pessoa!tended!to!place!below!“literature”!(belles+ lettres);!5.!7!Cubism!and!Futurism!were!decisive!in!the!composition!of!some!poems! –!“Manucure”!and!“Ode!Triunfal”,!for!example!–,!but!German!Expressionism!and! English!Imagism,!among!other!isms,!should!not!be!forgotten;!6.!7!In!this!sense,!we! do!not!think!it!would!be!accurate!to!say!that!Portugal!was!“o!primeiro!país!a!criar! a!sua!vanguarda!da!modernidade!depois!da!França!e!da!Itália”![“the!first!country! to! create! its! avant7garde! of! modernity! after! France! and! Italy”]! (Almada,! [1965]:! ANSA7L7111),!forgetting,!for!example,!Russia.!Nor!would!it!be!accurate!to!state! that!“No!Orpheu!estava!a!dar7se!primeiro!que!noutra!qualquer!parte!do!mundo! (…):!o!encontro!das!Letras!e!da!Pintura”![“This!was!happening!in!Orpheu!before!it! happened!anywhere!else!in! the!world!(…):!the!meeting! between!Literature!and! Painting”]! (Almada,! [1965]:! ANSA7L7111),! forgetting! the! past:! in! the! nineteenth! century! the! Pre7Raphaelites! and! the! Impressionists! had! already! made! a! contribution! to! bringing! certain! art! forms! closer! together! and! Wagner! had! proposed!the!concept!of!the!total!work!of!art.!! What!is!true!is!that!it!was!only!in!Portugal!that!a!writer,!Fernando!Pessoa,! had! conceived! so! many! isms! and! that! a! magazine! existed! where! Luís! de! Montalvor’s!and!Álvaro!de!Campos’s!ideals!of!beauty!could!coexist,!among!others.! In!terms!of!the!coming!together!of!literature!and!painting,!Orpheu!made!a!promise! for!a!never!reached!future!(Orpheu!is!a!myth!beyond!the!myth),!as!only!two!issues! were!published!and!Amadeo!de!Souza!Cardoso’s!paintings!were!not!collated!in! the!page!proofs!of!the!Orpheu!3.! ! 191581965:(Amadeo(de(Souza(Cardoso( ! In!Orpheu!1915+1965,!Almada!claims!to!have!in!his!possession!the!reproductions!of! Amadeo! which! would! have! been! included! in! the! 3rd! number! of! the! Orpheu! magazine:! “A! colaboração! de! Amadeo! ficou! nas! fotografias! em! meu! poder! de! quadros! seus! para! o! Orpheu! 3”! [“Amadeo’s! collaboration! consisted! of! some! photographs!of!his!paintings!for!Orpheu!3,!which!I!now!keep”]!(ALMADA,!1965:!12).! For! a! long! time,! the! lack! of! information! about! these! images! fed! several! speculations:! which! paintings! would! Amadeo! have! chosen?! The! work! at! the! archive!of!Almada!Negreiros!has!enabled!the!localization!of!these!images,!signed! and!dated!by!Amadeo,!thus!satisfying!the!curiosity!of!researchers!and!all!those! Costa & Pizarro Almada's Notes Pessoa Plural: 11 (P./Spring 2017) 171 interested.!Research!made!at!the!archive!of!Amadeo!de!Souza7Cardoso!has!also! contributed!to!present!different!hypotheses!about!the!hors+texte!that!would!come!to! be!published!in!Orpheu!3.9!We!include!those!which!belonged!to!Almada’s!legacy!as! they!relate!to!the!essay!we!have!been!analysing!in!these!pages.!All!are!from!18th! December!1916:! ! ! Figs.(15,(16(&(17.(Amadeo(de(Souza8Cardoso,(“Cabeça8Oceano”;(( “Trou(de(la(serrure(/((Parto(da(viola(/(Bon(ménage(/(Fraise(avant8garde”;!! (“Arabesco(Dynamico(=(Real(/!Ocre(rouge(café(rouge(/(Zig(Zag(/(Vibrações(metálicas(/(( Cantante(Couraceiro(Bandolin(/((Esplendor(Mecano8geométrico)”,(ANSA8IMP862! ! For! Almada,! Orpheu! was! a! “consequência! do! encontro! das! letras! e! da! pintura”![“consequence!of!the!encounter!of!letters!and!painting”]!(Almada,!1965:! 8).!And!that!encounter,!Almada!illustrates!as!a!pyramid:!“O!encontro!das!letras!e! da!pintura!tinha!cá!o!vértice!bem!postado!da!pirâmide!em!Mário!e!Amadeo.!A! base!da!pirâmide!era!Fernando!Pessoa”![“the!encounter!of!letters!and!painting!had! the! apex! of! its! pyramid! firmly! posted! on! Mário! and! Amadeo.! The! base! of! the! pyramid!was!Fernando! Pessoa”]!(ALMADA,!1965:!9).! It!remains,! thus,!suggested! that! Almada! himself! would! be! the! other! face! to! enable! the! existence! of! this! metaphorical!pyramid.!! The!book!itself,!Orpheu!1915+1965,!is!the!achievement!of!this!encounter!between! letters!and!painting,!avoiding!the!denomination!of!“literature”![“literature”],!one! of! the! words! presented,! at! the! end,! as! “vocábulos! perjurativos10!em! dias! do! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 9!For!further!information!see!the!book!edited!by!Steffen!Dix!(2015),!1915!–!O!Ano!do!Orpheu,!or!read! the!article!“The!4!hors+textes!of!Orpheu!3”,!by!Marta!SOARES!(2015:!1037105).! 10!In!the!manuscript!version!of!Orpheu!1915+1965!one!reads!“prejurativo”!and!in!the!printed!version! “perjurativo”.! Costa & Pizarro Almada's Notes Pessoa Plural: 11 (P./Spring 2017) 172 Orpheu”![“perjurativos!in!the!days!of!Orpheu”],!beside!“botas!d’elástico”![“fuddy7 duddies”]!and!“lepidótero”![“lepidopteron”]!(ALMADA,!1965:!26).! ! 196582015:(Orpheu'lives(on( ! Almada’s!1965!booklet!has!stood!the!test!of!time!not!because!of!its!second!half,! which! is! more! dysphoric,! but! because! of! the! first! half,! which! is! more! euphoric! (there!is! joy!at!the! evocation!of!his!“unforgettable! companions”);!that!is!to!say,! today!it!can!be!read!with!pleasure,!precisely!because!of!these!“useless”!or!more! emotional! notes,! in! which! the! author! suddenly! exclaims:! “Francamente,! isto! interessa!alguém!no!cinquentenário!do!Orpheu?”![“Frankly,!will!these!notes!be!of! any! interest! on! Orpheu’s! fiftieth! anniversary?”! ]! (ALMADA,! 1965:! 7).! There! is! a! moment!in!which!Almada,!facing!a!storm,!yells,!exalted,!“Vivam!os!raios!”![“Long! live!the!lightning!”]!(ALMADA,!1965:!8);!and!Pessoa,!terrified,!hides!under!a!table.! Who! would! be! interested! in! anything! of! this! sort?! But! the! reminiscence! of! the! storm!was!necessary!to!leave!an!indelible!portrait!of!two!friends!in!the!time!of! Orpheu.! Orpheu!1915+1965!is!less!a!gallery!brochure!than!a!recollection!of!writers!and! artists.!Orpheu!1915+1965!has!the!merit!of!evoking!this!collective!without!treating!it! as!such,!according!to!Almada,!those!who!made!up!the!group!had!only!one!thing!in! common:!being!different.!They!were!a!dozen!“Éramos!reclusos!na!mesma!cela!de! prisão”![!“we!were!recluses!in!the!same!prison”]!(ALMADA,!1965:!3).!Their!prison! was!Art:!it!was!the!common!denominator.!Almada!even!goes!so!far!as!to!say!that! the!sine!qua!non!of!their!friendship!and!companionship!was!non7identity,!the!total! non7identification! of! two! people.! As! such,! for! example,! he! describes! himself! as! visual! and! Pessoa! as! auditory,! and! he! says! that! he! had! never! met! anyone! so! different!from!himself...!! !Orpheu,!accordingly,!would!not!have!been!an!organised!group!but!rather!a! casual!meeting!of!individualities.!Almada!emphasises!less!the!affinities!of!a!group! of! contemporary! spirits! and! more! their! differences,! with! a! certain! cult! of! individuality!and!certain!disdain!for!gregariousness:!“Isto!que!parecia!afastamento! irremediável!foi!afinal!causa!de!me!nascer!alegria”![“This!which!may!have!looked! like!an!irreparable!separation!was!at!the!end!a!motive!of!joy”]!(ALMADA,!1965:!4). ! What!is!most!interesting!is!that!today,!his!text!seems!especially!alive!due!to! this!sort!of!“individual”!resistance.!Almada!refuses!to!contribute!to!canonisation!of! Orpheu;! he! states! that! Orpheu! was! what! was! left! by! a! series! of! individuals! in! response!to!an!impertinent!question!that!he!cites!in!this!text:!“O!que!considera!de! mais!extraordinário!nesse!movimento!chamado!do!grupo!do!Orpheu?![“What!do! you!think!is!especially!extraordinary!in!this!Orpheu!group!that!has!been!called!a! movement?”]!(1965:!12),!and!he!responds:!“De!mais!extraordinário!não!vejo!senão! que!tenha!sido!um!movimento!os!nossos!encontros!pessoais!entre!companheiros! Costa & Pizarro Almada's Notes Pessoa Plural: 11 (P./Spring 2017) 173 de! revista”! [“I! just! think! it! is! extraordinary! that! our! personal! meetings! have! formed!a!movement”]!(ALMADA,!1965:!12).! !Sometimes! Almada! throws! a! bucket! of! cold! water! on! Orpheu’s! 50th! anniversary,!but!when!he!does!so,!he!brings!his!companions!even!more!back!to!life! and!he!challenges!us,!or!so!it!seems,!not!to!fossilise!himself!or!the!others.!And!from! there!comes!his!denial;!“Roga7se!que!recorde!a!público!Orpheu.!Tomo!o!rogo!por! insolência.! Nego7me”! [“Someone! has! pleaded! that! I! write! a! text! in! memory! of! Orpheu.! I! take! this! pledge! as! insolence.! I! refuse”]! (ALMADA,! 1965:! 13).! But! this! refusal,!it!must!be!said,!was!fertile!and!it!generated!a!text!of!short!stories,!of!minor! episodes,!that!supposedly!nobody!would!be!interested!in,!but!that!are!still!read! today!and!considered!unique.! ( ( Bibliography(( ! DIX,!Steffen!(2015)!(ed.).!Orpheu.!Facsimile!edition.!Lisboa:!Tinta7da7china.! _____! (2015)!(org.).!1915:!o!ano!do!Orpheu.!Lisboa:!Tinta7da7china.! JÚDICE,!Nuno!(2015).!“Orpheu:!um!caso!para!meditar,”!in!Os!Caminhos!de!Orpheu.!Lisboa:!Biblioteca! Nacional!de!Portugal;!Babel.! LEAL,!Raul!(1959).!“As!tendências!orfaicas!e!o!saudosismo”,!in!Tempo!Presente,!n.º!5!&!7,!Sept.7!Nov.! NEGREIROS,! José! de! Almada! (1913),!in!Catálogo! do! II! Salão! dos! Humoristas! Portugueses.! Lisboa:! Tipografia!do!Comércio,!p.!14.!! _____! (1921).!A!Invenção!do!Dia!Claro.!Lisboa:!Olisipo.! _____! (1935).!“O!Orfeu”.!Diário!de!Notícias.!(n.p.)! _____! (1935).!Sudoeste:!cadernos!de!Almada!Negreiros.!Lisboa:!Edições!SW.!3!vols.!! _____! !(1965).!Orpheu!1915+1965.!Lisboa:!Ática.!! _____! (2015).!Orpheu!1915+1965.!Facsimile!edition.!Lisboa:!Ática.!! PESSOA,!Fernando!(2014).!Obra!Completa!de!Álvaro!de!Campos.!Edited!by!Jerónimo!Pizarro!&!Antonio! Cardiello.!Lisboa:!Tinta7da7china.! _____! !(2009).!Sensacionismo!e!Outros!Ismos.!Critical!edition!by!Jerónimo!Pizarro.!Lisboa:!Imprensa! Nacional7Casa!da!Moeda.! _____! !(1935).!“Nós!os!de!Orpheu”,!in!Sudoeste,!n.º!3.!Lisboa:!Edições!Sw,!November.! SANTOS,!Mariana!Pinto!dos! (2015).!Almada!Negreiros!confronta!António!Ferro:!um!documento!inédito! (separata),!in! Colóquio/Letras,! n.º! 190,! Lisboa,! Fundação! Calouste! Gulbenkian,! Setembro/! Dezembro!.! SIMÕES,!João!Gaspar!(1965).!“O!Orpheu!ou!Cinquenta!Anos!de!Modernismo,”in!O!Primeiro!de!Janeiro.! Porto,!March!31st,!p.!6.!! SOARES,!Marta!(2015).!“Os!4!hors+texte!de!Orpheu!3,”!in!Os!Caminhos!de!Orpheu.!Lisboa:!Biblioteca! Nacional!de!Portugal;!Babel.! ( Images( ( ©!Fundação!Calouste!Gulbenkian!–!Centro!de!Arte!Moderna! ©!Herdeiros!Almada!Negreiros! ©!Modernismo!online:!Arquivo!Virtual!da!Geração!de!Orpheu! !