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Abstract

Los saharauis que viven en los Campamentos de Refugiados Saharauis, asentados en las proximidades de la ciudad argelina de Tindouf, en pleno desierto, reciben su alimentación básicamente a través de la canasta básica de alimentos que distribuyen diferentes ONGs y Agencias Internacionales en forma de ayuda humanitaria. El contenido de productos frescos que reciben en las mismas es más bien escaso. Este factor y su condición de refugiados de largo término ponen en evidencia las carencias nutricionales y vitamínicas que sufre principalmente la población más vulnerable. El objetivo del proyecto es llevar a cabo un ensayo de cuatro cultivares de zanahoria, Daucus carota L., en la parcela experimental del Centro de Experimentación y Formación Agrícola para obtener el rendimiento y la respuesta del cultivo de la zanahoria en condiciones áridas y en medio salino, bajo un manejo agroecológico. Los cultivares son Nantesa, Touchon, Coral y el cv Muscade como testigo semilla obtenida localmente. Los datos climáticos de la región de Tindouf se toman del Instituto Nacional de Meteorología Argelino y del Centro de Experimentación y Formación Agrícola. Para la caracterización del medio se cuenta con análisis de suelo de la parcela del CEFA realizados por el Institut Supérieur de l’Irrigation et du Drainage argelino y con análisis del agua de riego llevados a cabo por el Departamento de Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ambiental de la Universidad de a Coruña. El suelo tiene un bajo contenido en materia orgánica (0,22%) y el SAR es elevado (5,63); el agua de riego es salina (CE 4,28 dS/m). El diseño estadístico es de cuatro repeticiones, realizándose la siembra sobre camas con tres líneas de goteros con un marco de plantación de 40 cm entre línea y 20 cm entre goteros, con un caudal de gotero de 2 l/hora, constando de 1 cama por cultivar y repetición, 1,60 m *4 m (6,4 m2), con un total de 25,6 m2 para cada tratamiento en las cuatro repeticiones y una superficie total para el ensayo de 102,4 m2. En el momento de la cosecha se cuantifican los parámetros productivos (preso bruto –incluidas las hojas-, producción neta, destrío-bifurcación, cracking, raíces pequeñas, insectos-), y los parámetros vegetativos (altura de la planta, longitud de la raíz, diámetro del cuello y diámetro del centro de la raíz). El rendimiento neto medio menor obtenido en el ensayo es de 26,94 T/ha para uno de los cuatro cultivares y el mayor es de 35,37 T/ha. Estos datos, teniendo en cuenta la aridez del medio y la salinidad del agua, son muy aceptables. En los parámetros de rendimiento total y rendimiento neto no se detectan diferencias significativas entre los cuatro cultivares, pero sí en el rendimiento comercial, en el destrío y en los parámetros vegetativos. Es el cultivar de semilla local el que presenta un mayor destrío con la consecuente merma de rendimiento comercial, siendo el más bajo de los cuatro cultivares. Este ensayo muestra que el cultivo de zanahoria, en los Campamentos de Refugiados Saharauis, sembrada en dosis elevadas (7 kg/ha) y regada con agua salina en un medio arenoso da unas producciones aceptables. Sin embargo el uso de semilla de cuarta generación del cultivar Muscade no se aconseja. Ydalga Palacio, María Nora; Usón Murillo, Asunción

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sala de formaciones dotada de material pedagógico y destinada a impartir formaciones de las diferentes disciplinas relacionadas con la agricultura a los ingenieros y técnicos del campo de la agronomía, de una parcela agrícola experimental en la que se llevan a cabo diversos tipos de experimentaciones tanto con cultivos herbáceos, hortícolas como arbóreos, a modo de extrapolar los resultados obtenidos a la agricultura de los CRS, ya sea a los Huertos Nacionales, los Huertos Regionales o los Huertos Familiares. También hay una planta piloto donde compostar los residuos vegetales y orgánicos que se generen, un almacén, así como una zona en la que se alojan los 9 trabajadores del centro, incluyendo el director, los laboratoristas, los capataces y los peones.               ,PDJHQ9LVWDVGHODSDUFHODH[SHULPHQWDOGHO&()$ )XHQWH&(5$,   ! "# SJ $FWXDOPHQWHHO&()$WLHQHHOSDSHOGHJHVWRUGHODUHGDJUDULDODJHVWLyQGHODJXD FRPR IDFWRU OLPLWDQWH \ SRU WDQWR HO WLSR GH ULHJR GH GUHQDMHV ORV SR]RV \ ERPEDV HWF DVt FRPR GH VHPLOODV ORFDOHV IRUPDFLRQHV SUHYLDV D ODV DFWXDFLRQHV HWF DGHPiV GH VHU OD LQVWLWXFLyQ HQ OD TXH VH OOHYDQ D FDER IRUPDFLRQHV GH GLVWLQWD tQGROH GH WpFQLFRV HQ DJULFXOWXUD TXH DVHJXUDQ TXH HO 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ĂŵƉĂŹĂĂŐƌşĐŽůĂ   ƵůƚŝǀŽ ϵϰϵϱ ϵϱϵϲ ϵϲϵϳ ϵϳϵϴ ϵϴϵϵ ϵϵϬϬ ϬϬϬϭ ϬϭϬϮ ĂŶĂŚŽƌŝĂ ϯϬ ϯϬ ϮϬ ϮϬ Ϯϯ ϮϬ ϭϴ ϭϴ EĂďŽ ϲ ϴ ϭϭ ϭϯ ϭϮ ϭϬ ϴ ϳ ĞďŽůůĂ ϭϮ ϭϯ ϭϯ ϭϵ ϭϴ ϭϲ ϭϰ ϭϯ ZĞŵŽůĂĐŚĂ ϰ ϭ ϵ ϯ ϭϬ ϭϬ ϴ ϵ sĂƌŝŽƐ ϲ ϲ ϲ ϰ ϰ ϯ Ϯ ϭ dŽƚĂů ϱϴ ϱϴ ϱϵ ϱϵ ϱϳ ϱϵ ϱϬ ϰϴ )XHQWH$QiOLVLVSHUVSHFWLYDV\SURSXHVWDGHODDJULFXOWXUDHQORVFDPSDPHQWRVGHUHIXJLDGRV VDKDUDXLV0'(5$6'             1 Únicos datos hallados con referencia las producciones de los CRS.   ! "# SJ 7DEOD3URGXFFLyQEUXWDREWHQLGD7HQORVKXHUWRVGHORV&56HQWUH\  WƌŽĚƵĐĐŝſŶƌƵƚĂŽďƚĞŶŝĚĂ;dͿ ĂŵƉĂŹĂĂŐƌşĐŽůĂ  ƵůƚŝǀŽ ϵϰϵϱ  ϵϱϵϲ ϵϲϵϳ ϵϳϵϴ ϵϴϵϵ ϵϵϬϬ ϬϬϬϭ ϬϭϬϮ ĂŶĂŚŽƌŝĂ ϭϬϬϲ ϭϬϬϬ ϴϮϬ ϴϰϬ ϵϭϬ ϴϭϬ ϳϮϵ 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La zanahoria es inducida a la floración con la acumulación de horas de frío con temperaturas inferiores a los 10º C. El requerimiento de horas de frío depende del origen de las variedades. En anuales la inducción a la floración comporta entre 500 y 1000 horas, y no poseen umbral de vernalización. Existe un fenómeno de desvernalización, en el que se reduce el número de plantas florecidas cuando se pasa a temperaturas de 21 - 27ºC con posterioridad al proceso de frío. Este proceso se da también con temperaturas cercanas a los 30 ºC por un período de tres a siete días (Colafranceschi, 1996). 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Impactos of irrigation regimes with saline water on carrot productivity and soil salinity. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, Túnez. pp. 19-27. 2OLYD510DQXDOGHSURGXFFLyQGHVHPLOODV+RUWtFRODV=DQDKRULD ,17$$UJHQWLQD 5DHV'6PLWK0HWDO&KDUWVZLWKLQGLFDWLYHLUULJDWLRQLQWHUYDOVIRU YDULRXVZHDWKHUFRQGLWLRQV,Q3URF:RUNVKRS)$2,&,',UULJDWLRQ$GYLVRU\ 6HUYLFHVDQG3DUWLFLSDWRU\([WHQVLRQLQ,UULJDWLRQ0DQDJHPHQWSS±  Tamet, Valérie; Boiffin, Jean; Durr Carolyne; Souty Nicole. 1993. Influence de la profondeur de semis, de l’état de surface du sol et de la taille des semences sur la levée des plantules de carotte. Acta Horticulturae 354.  Vigliola, M. I. 1986. Manual de Horticultura. Buenos Aires. 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