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APPENDIXI   MartaSantamariaSantoyo       Version 1.3, April 5, 2006 Proprietary to OmniVision Technologies 1 Advanced Information Preliminary Datasheet OV7670/OV7171 CMOS VGA (640x480) CAMERACHIPTM with OmniPixel ® Technology Omni ision® General Description The OV7670/OV7171 CAMERACHIPTM is a low voltage CMOS image sensor that provides the full functionality of a single-chip VGA camera and image processor in a small footprint package. The OV7670/OV7171 provides full-frame, sub-sampled or windowed 8-bit images in a wide range of formats, controlled through the Serial Camera Control Bus (SCCB) interface. This product has an image array capable of operating at up to 30 frames per second (fps) in VGA with complete user control over image quality, formatting and output data transfer. All required image processing functions, including exposure control, gamma, white balance, color saturation, hue control and more, are also programmable through the SCCB interface. In addition, OmniVision CAMERACHIPs use proprietary sensor technology to improve image quality by reducing or eliminating common lighting/electrical sources of image contamination, such as fixed pattern noise (FPN), smearing, blooming, etc., to produce a clean, fully stable color image. Features • High sensitivity for low-light operation • Low operating voltage for embedded portable apps • Standard SCCB interface compatible with I2C interface • Output support for Raw RGB, RGB (GRB 4:2:2, RGB565/555/444), YUV (4:2:2) and YCbCr (4:2:2) formats • Supports image sizes: VGA, CIF, and any size scaling down from CIF to 40x30 •VarioPixel ® method for sub-sampling • Automatic image control functions including: Automatic Exposure Control (AEC), Automatic Gain Control (AGC), Automatic White Balance (AWB), Automatic Band Filter (ABF), and Automatic Black-Level Calibration (ABLC) • Image quality controls including color saturation, hue, gamma, sharpness (edge enhancement), and anti-blooming • ISP includes noise reduction and defect correction • Supports LED and flash strobe mode • Supports scaling • Lens shading correction • Flicker (50/60 Hz) auto detection • Saturation level auto adjust (UV adjust) • Edge enhancement level auto adjust • De-noise level auto adjust Ordering Information Pb Note: The OV7670/OV7171 uses a lead-free package. Product Package OV07670-VL2A (Color, lead-free) 24 pin CSP2 OV07171-VL2A (B&W, lead-free) 24 pin CSP2 Applications • Cellular and Picture Phones •Toys • PC Multimedia • Digital Still Cameras Key Specifications Figure 1 OV7670/OV7171 Pin Diagram (Top View) Active Array Size 640 x 480 Power Supply Digital Core 1.8VDC +10% Analog 2.45V to 3.0V I/O 1.7V to 3.0Va a. I/O power should be 2.45V or higher when using the internal regulator for Core (1.8V); otherwise, it is necessary to provide an external 1.8V for the Core power supply. Power Requirements Active 60 mW typical (15fps VGA YUV format) Standby < 20 µA Temperature Range Operation -30°C to 70°C Stable Image 0°C to 50°C Output Formats (8-bit) • YUV/YCbCr 4:2:2 • RGB565/555/444 • GRB 4:2:2 •Raw RGB Data Lens Size 1/6" Chief Ray Angle 25° Maximum Image Transfer Rate 30 fps for VGA Sensitivity 1.3 V/(Lux x sec) S/N Ratio 46 dB Dynamic Range 52 dB Scan Mode Progressive Electronics Exposure Up to 510:1 (for selected fps) Pixel Size 3.6 µm x 3.6 µm Dark Current 12 mV/s at 60°C Well Capacity 17 K e Image Area 2.36 mm x 1.76 mm Package Dimensions 3785 µm x 4235 µm OV7670/OV7171 AGND SIO_C A1 A2 A4 A3 D1 D0 D3 D2 A5 B1 B2 B4 B3 B5 C1 D1 D2 AVDD SIO_D PWDN VSYNC VREF2 HREF DVDD C2 VREF1 D4 D5 E1 E2 E4 E3 E5 F1 F2 F4 F3 F5 DOGNDDOVDD PCLK STROBE RESET# D6 XCLK D7 2Proprietary to OmniVision Technologies Version 1.3, April 5, 2006 OV7670/OV7171 CMOS VGA (OmniPixel®)CAMERACHIP™Omni ision Functional Description Figure 2 shows the functional block diagram of the OV7670/OV7171 image sensor. The OV7670/OV7171 includes: •Image Sensor Array (total array of 656 x 488 pixels, with active pixels 640 x 480 in YUV mode) •Analog Signal Processor •A/D Converters •Test Pattern Generator •Digital Signal Processor (DSP) •Image Scaler •Timing Generator •Digital Video Port •SCCB Interface •LED and Strobe Flash Control Output Figure 2 Functional Block Diagram A/D G D[7: 0] B R 50/60 Hz Auto Detect Test Pattern Generator Video Port Image Scaler DSP Buffer Buffer (Lens shading correction, de-noise, white/ black pixel correction, auto white balance, etc.) FIFO Analog Processing Image Array (656 x 488) Column Sense Amp Exposure/Gain Detect Exposure/Gain Control SCCB Interface Registers Video Timing GeneratorClock SIO_C SIO_D STROBE PWDNRESET#VSYNCPCLKHREFXCLK Row Select Functional Description Version 1.3, April 5, 2006 Proprietary to OmniVision Technologies 3 Omni ision Image Sensor Array The OV7670/OV7171 sensor has an image array of 656 x 488 pixels for a total of 320,128 pixels, of which 640 x 480 pixels are active (307,200 pixels). Figure 3 shows a cross-section of the image sensor array. Figure 3 Image Sensor Array Timing Generator In general, the timing generator controls the following functions: • Array control and frame generation • Internal timing signal generation and distribution • Frame rate timing • Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) • External timing outputs (VSYNC, HREF/HSYNC, and PCLK) Analog Signal Processor This block performs all analog image functions including: • Automatic Gain Control (AGC) • Automatic White Balance (AWB) A/D Converters After the Analog Processing block, the bayer pattern Raw signal is fed to a 10-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converter shared by G and BR channels. This A/D converter operates at speeds up to 12 MHz and is fully synchronous to the pixel rate (actual conversion rate is related to the frame rate). In addition to the A/D conversion, this block also has the following functions: • Digital Black-Level Calibration (BLC) • Optional U/V channel delay • Additional A/D range controls In general, the combination of the A/D Range Multiplier and A/D Range Control sets the A/D range and maximum value to allow the user to adjust the final image brightness as a function of the individual application. Glas s M icrolens Blue Green Red Test Pattern Generator The Test Pattern Generator features the following: • 8-bar color bar pattern • Fade-to-gray color bar pattern • Shift "1" in output pin Digital Signal Processor (DSP) This block controls the interpolation from Raw data to RGB and some image quality control. • Edge enhancement (a two-dimensional high pass filter) • Color space converter (can change Raw data to RGB or YUV/YCbCr) • RGB matrix to eliminate color cross talk • Hue and saturation control • White/black pixel correction • De-noise • Lens shading correction • Programmable gamma control • Transfer 10-bit data to 8-bit Image Scaler This block controls all output and data formatting required prior to sending the image out. This block scales YUV/RGB output from VGA to CIF and almost any size under CIF. Digital Video Port Register bits COM2[1:0] increase IOL/IOH drive current and can be adjusted as a function of the customer’s loading. SCCB Interface The Serial Camera Control Bus (SCCB) interface controls the CAMERACHIP operation. Refer to OmniVision Technologies Serial Camera Control Bus (SCCB) Specification for detailed usage of the serial control port. LED and Strobe Flash Control Output The OV7670/OV7171 has a Strobe mode that allows it to work with an external flash and LED. Pin Description Version 1.3, April 5, 2006 Proprietary to OmniVision Technologies 4 Omni ision Pin Description Table 1 Pin Description Pin Number Name Pin Type Function/Description A1 AVDD Power Analog power supply A2 SIO_D I/O SCCB serial interface data I/O A3 SIO_C Input SCCB serial interface clock input A4 D1a a. D[7:0] for 8-bit YUV or RGB (D[7] MSB, D[0] LSB) Output YUV/RGB video component output bit[1] A5 D3 Output YUV/RGB video component output bit[3] B1 PWDN Input (0)b b. Input (0) represents an internal pull-down resistor. Power Down Mode Selection 0: Normal mode 1: Power down mode B2 VREF2 Reference Reference voltage - connect to ground using a 0.1 µF capacitor B3 AGND Power Analog ground B4 D0 Output YUV/RGB video component output bit[0] B5 D2 Output YUV/RGB video component output bit[2] C1 DVDD Power Power supply (+1.8 VDC) for digital logic core C2 VREF1 Reference Reference voltage - connect to ground using a 0.1 µF capacitor D1 VSYNC Output Vertical sync output D2 HREF Output HREF output E1 PCLK Output Pixel clock output E2 STROBE Output LED/strobe control output E3 XCLK Input System clock input E4 D7 Output YUV/RGB video component output bit[7] E5 D5 Output YUV/RGB video component output bit[5] F1 DOVDD Power Digital power supply for I/O (1.7V ~ 3.0V) F2 RESET# Input Clears all registers and resets them to their default values. 0: Reset mode 1: Normal mode F3 DOGND Power Digital ground F4 D6 Output YUV/RGB video component output bit[6] F5 D4 Output YUV/RGB video component output bit[4]   APPENDIXII   MartaSantamariaSantoyo      Marta Santamaria Santoyo 1/10 APPENDIX II_ Software for the QR Codes Decoder Main Software for the QR Codes Decoder (CCS C Compiler, C Language) /*********************************************************************/ /*********************************************************************/ /*********** MAIN SOFTWARE FOR THE QR CODES DECODER ***********/ /*********************************************************************/ /*********************************************************************/ /*********************************************************************/ #include <18F4550.h> #fuses HSPLL,NOWDT,NOPROTECT,NOLVP,NODEBUG,USBDIV,PLL5,CPUDIV1,VRE GEN #use delay(clock=48000000) #use i2c (master, sda=PIN_B0, scl=PIN_B1, FAST=400000) /*********************************************************************/ #DEFINE USB_HID_DEVICE TRUE /* ACTIVATES THE HID PROTOCOL*/ #define USB_EP1_TX_ENABLE USB_ENABLE_INTERRUPT /* DEFINITION OF THE OUTPUT BUFFER SIZE*/ #define USB_EP1_TX_SIZE 8 #define USB_EP1_RX_ENABLE USB_ENABLE_INTERRUPT /* DEFINITION OF THE INPUT BUFFER SIZE*/ #define USB_EP1_RX_SIZE 8 #include <pic18_usb.h> /*LOW LEVEL FUNCTIONS (HARDWARE) FOR THE PIC 18FXX5X SERIES THAT WILL BE HELPFUL ON THE usb.c*/ #include <./usb_kbd_HID.h> /*DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DEVICE (HOW WINDOWS WILL RECOGNIZE IT)*/ #include <usb.c> //LIBRARY FOR THE USE OF USB #define FRRST PIN_A0 #define FOE PIN_A1 QR CODES DECODER GLYNDŴR UNIVERSITY Marta Santamaría Santoyo 2/10 #define FWEN PIN_A2 #define FCLK PIN_A3 #define END_FRAME PIN_B5 #define RESET_FIFO PIN_B6 #define TAKE_PICTURE PIN_B7 #define SIO_C PIN_B1 #define SIO_D PIN_B0 #define OV7670_ID 0X7F #define COM3 0X0C #define COM7 0X12 int out_data[20]; int in_data[2]; int send_timer; int contador; int counter; int counter_h; int counter_v; int pixel; //INITIALIZATION OF OV7670 void initialize_OV7670 (){ // Configuration for QCIF format // COM3 register: Enable format scaling i2c_start(); i2c_write(OV7670_ID); i2c_write(COM3); QR CODES DECODER GLYNDŴR UNIVERSITY Marta Santamaría Santoyo 3/10 i2c_write(0b00001000); delay_us(2); // COM7 register: Select QCIF format and YUV i2c_write(OV7670_ID); i2c_write(COM7); i2c_write(0b00001000); delay_us(2); i2c_stop(); } //Initialize FIFO void initialize_fifo(){ OUTPUT_LOW (FOE); OUTPUT_LOW(FRRST); delay_us(2); OUTPUT_HIGH(FRRST); } // Interrupts Configuration #int_rb void kbis_isr(){ // TAKE PICTURE if (input(TAKE_PICTURE)){ initialize_fifo(); OUTPUT_LOW(FWEN); } // END FRAME QR CODES DECODER GLYNDŴR UNIVERSITY Marta Santamaría Santoyo 10/10 'deleted, they are the finalization string grabar = False ' close the file wfile.Close() End If Else ' waiting TextBox1.Text = "Waiting..." ' the counter is increased if the initialization string is being received If (contador1 = 0 And BufferIn(1) = &HDE) Then contador1 = contador1 + 1 End If If (contador1 = 1 And BufferIn(1) = &HAD) Then contador1 = contador1 + 1 End If If (contador1 = 2 And BufferIn(1) = &HFA) Then contador1 = contador1 + 1 End If If (contador1 = 3 And BufferIn(1) = &HCE) Then contador1 = contador1 + 1 End If End If If (contador1 = 4) Then grabar = True ' the file is open for recording wfile = New FileStream("imagen.img", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Write) End If End If End Sub Private Sub RadioButton1_CheckedChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) End Sub Private Sub Label1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Label1.Click End Sub End Class ' END APPENDIXIII   MartaSantamariaSantoyo      QR CODES DECODER GLYNDŴR UNIVERSITY  Marta Santamaría Santoyo 1 / 3 APPENDIX III_ Final Artworks of the PCB (1:1 Scaling) Bottom Layer QR CODES DECODER GLYNDŴR UNIVERSITY  Marta Santamaría Santoyo 2 / 3 Top Layer QR CODES DECODER GLYNDŴR UNIVERSITY  Marta Santamaría Santoyo 3 / 3 