Torremolinos, analysis of hotel land urban change in a mature seaside destination

Torremolinos, analysis of hotel and urban change in a mature seaside destination Fernando Almeida Rafael Cortés Marian Peláez Antonia Balbuena University of Málaga, Spain Financial support by Geographies of the crisis (R+D+i) (CSO2012-30840). Gov. Spain Study of the implementation of the hotels and their relationship to urban system Analysis of changes in land use in Torremolinos (1957-2007) I dentification of hotel groups (clusters) hotel distribution model in the destination Torremolinos, analysis of hotel and urban change in a mature seaside destination OBJETIVES W e generated evolutionary urban growth mapping and geolocation of the hotel supply. Data base. Analysis of aerial photographs (1957, 1977, 1999 and 2007) (land use, Corine Land Cover) and digitalisation of the areas occupied by hotels and facilities. ArcGIS Programme Statistical analysis. Cluster analysis. SPSS.v.19. Torremolinos, analysis of hotel and urban change in a mature seaside destination METHODOLOGY LOCALIZATION ATLANTIC OCEAN Barcelona Málaga FRANCE Madrid SPAIN MEDITERRANEAN SEA Sour ce: Own elaboration Costa del Sol Torremolinos Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea 100 km Andalusia Hotel Pez Espada Santa Clara Castle El Bajondillo Los Álamos L a Carihuela MIJAS MOUNTAINS N Mediterranean Highway MEDITERRANEAN SEA 500 m. Centre Town TORREMOLINOS Torremolinos, analysis of hotel and urban change in a mature seaside destination Torremolinos characteristics A. Mature destination B. Important hotel supply (17,563 beds places) and 15.000 beds in other type of tourism accommodation C. Importance of non-formal offer (54 351 bed places) D. Hotel occupancy rates similar to Spanish mature destinations (73,8 % in 2013) E. Progressive increase in hotel quality Torremolinos, analysis of hotel and urban change in a mature seaside destination Torremolinos characteristics Introduction The city of Torremolinos was one of the pioneering spaces in the implementation of mass tourism of sun and beach on the Costa del Sol, Spain. The town of Torremolinos in 2014 had a population of 67,353 inhabitants, an area of 19.8 km2. The city is located in the province of Malaga in the Costa del Sol. The objectives of this study are approaching the study of the implementation of the hotels in Torremolinos and its integration into the urban system of the municipality. The changes in land use are analyzed during the fifty years of the study. We aim to characterize the urban-regional model generated by the hotel implantation as singular element Torremolinos growth Torremolinos, analysis of hotel and urban change in a mature seaside destination ANALYSIS Evolution of hotel supply of Torremolinos 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 Elite tourism Mass tourism Post-fordist tourism Source: Hotel offcial guides of Spain (1951-1998) and Statistics National Institute (1999-2013) Hotel beds (average) Hotel supply by categories 1991-2011 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 Source: Andalusian Statistics Institute (IEA 4* y 5* 3*, 2* y 1* Beds places Evolution of hotel supply of Torremolinos Evolution of artificial superface 907.4 727.6 531.9 435.9 157.3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1957 1977 1984 1999 2007 hectares Land uses in Torremolinos (1957) Forestal and natural land 59.2% Agricultur land 32.8% Artificial Surfaces 8.0% Land uses in Torremolinos (2007) Forestal and natural land 51.3% Agricultur land 3.0% Artificial Surfaces 45.7% Extension of the plot of hotels per year. Torremolinos 0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000 40.000 1959 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1987 1993 1995 1998 2000 Source: Own elaboration hectares Elite tourism Mass tourism Post-Fordist tourism Dendogram using average linkage (between group) Combination of distance clusters rescaled CLUSTER 2 CLUSTER 4 Torremolinos, analysis of hotel and urban change in a mature seaside destination RESULTS Hotel Clusters of Torremolinos Source: Geographies of the crisis (R+D+i) (CSO2012-30840) Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4 Cluster 7 Cluster 6 Cluster 5 Cluster 4 Cluster 2 Hotel Clusters of Torremolinos Cluster 2 1st Beach Line Categories (stars) Area (sq.m) Bed places Distance beach Price (€) (Double room) Hotel age (years) Hotel Number Most of them 4* 6,890.8 552.3 156.5 164.1 39.4 20 Cluster 4 2 nd Beach Line Most of them 3 and 2* 2,162.2 237.0 414.1 104.8 38.2 23 MiniClusters (1,3,5,6 and 7) Wide range 16,325.8 668.4 509.5 133.7 27.9 6 Average/ Total 3.5* 6,046.6 436.6 348.6 140.8 39.1 49 RESULTS A. Torremolinos hotels have acted as factors of urban growth B. Hotels have followed a localization strategies. They have moved from the center of the destination to the beachfront and from there to the 2nd and 3rd beach line. C. Hotels have increased the plot size to reduce operating costs, increase the supply of beds and adapt to increasing size of aircraft. It is a strategy focus the mass tourism. D. Cluster analysis identified two main groups of hotels: Group 2: 1st line beach, 4*, higher prices, large plot, big hotels (average 300 rooms) and belong to large hotel chains Group 4: 2nd beach, 3-2*, lower price, an average 120 rooms, less plot, less large hotel chains and wide range of services. Torremolinos, analysis of hotel and urban change in a mature seaside destination Torremolinos, analysis of hotel and urban change in a mature seaside destination CONCLUSIONS A. Strong urban development process: 45.7% municipality is build (2007). B. Hotels are urban pieces that create city as old factories or shopping malls. Second tourism house is an urban compactor. C. Hotels competitiveness is linked to improving these environments not only improve prices or promotion. Hotel competitiveness depends on the situation of the destination.