Building automation simulation and research toolset for building mechatronics

Abs ac — Building Mecha onics Resea ch Cen e in he Uni e si y o Deb ecen, as in elligen building p o ides esea ch in as uc u e o building mecha onics simula ions. The ene gy consump ion habi s o educa ion and li ing ac i i y a e in es iga ed. Ou majo esea ch opics a e ene gy e iciency, op imiza ion, he de elopmen o ene gy measu emen echnologies and in elligen building au oma ion. This a icle p esen s he his o y o he Resea ch Cen e and he building au oma ion echnology wi h he embedded de ice om Na ional Ins umen s: sbRio econ igu able FPGA pla o m, capable o massi e pa allel wo king and adjus able o he building se ices challenges. The eal- ime de elopmen en i onmen o de elop, es and e alua e di e en building au oma ion scena ios including building s uc u e, HVAC sys ems, con ol algo i hms and inhabi an s gene a ed demands could be u ilized by SMEs, p o iding building se ices as he enhancemen o he compe i i eness o he building se ices. The simula ion en i onmen could be mo e p ecise and capable o planning a enewable ene gy sys em mo e p ope o mee cos ume ’s ideas and equi emen s. Keywo ds— ene gy e iciency, ene gy in buildings, enewable ene gy sou ces, sus ainable ene gy managemen I. INTRODUCTION OWADAYS, g owing demand is obse ed in he applica ion o enewable ene gy o he op imised use o he con en ional o ms o ene gy. Building mecha onics can op imize he cu en sys ems; p o ide a highe le el o secu i y and su eillance o he building on-demand o he consume s. In he Uni e si y o Deb ecen, Facul y o Enginee ing, Elec ical Enginee ing and Mecha onics Depa men a unique o m o educa ion came o exis ence. Building Mecha onics is educa ed in Hunga y only he e. The Depa men has a Bachelo o Science P og am and since 2013 a join Mas e o Science P og am in Ad anced Mecha onics Sys ems in English wi h he Depa men o Mecha onics and Robo ics, Uni e si y o O adea (Romania) and a Mas e o Science P og am in Ad anced Building Mecha onics in Hunga ian. The labo a o ies p o ide esea ch in as uc u e and knowledge base o he esea che s and PhD s uden s. The esul s o he esea ch p ojec a e mul iplied in he building ene gy domain by no s udying he building ma e ials, cons uc ion and cons uc ion me hods. The buildings a e examined wi h mecha onic de ices based on a i icial in elligence. The powe consump ion can be egula ed and con olled based on e icacy. Building mecha onics’ new and inno a i e knowledge will be gene a ed wi h he de elopmen o he esea ch pla o m in he ields o a i icial in elligence. The a icle in oduces he Building Mecha onics Resea ch Cen e, p esen s he ecen esea ches wi h he hea pump sys ems and wi h he de ices o he Na ional Ins umen s (NI) L d. wi h he inno a ions o he Ene go es L d. The pape consis s o he ollowing: Sec ion II is abou he Building Mecha onics Resea ch Cen e and building mecha onics. Sec ion III p esen s he ea u es o ene gy consump ion awa eness. Sec ion IV desc ibes he NI L d’s de ice, he NI sbRio 9606 and i s g aphical use in e ace, he NI LabVIEW p og am. Sec ion V sho ly in oduces he Building Mecha onics Simula ion Sys em. Sec ion VI includes he summa y. Sec ion VII p o ides gi ing hanks. II. INTRODUCTION OF THE BUILDING MECHATRONICS RESEARCH CENTRE Mecha onics is ela i ely a new b anch o science and enginee ing, consis s o he 21s cen u y’s mos p omising enginee ing disciplines. I is de ined as he combina ion o mechanical enginee ing, elec onic enginee ing, compu e enginee ing, so wa e enginee ing, con ol enginee ing, and sys ems design enginee ing in o de o design and manu ac u e p oduc s [5]. Building Mecha onics is he in eg a ion o he ollowings: BUILDING AUTOMATION SIMULATION AND RESEARCH TOOLSET FOR BUILDING MECHATRONICS Geza HUSI1, Pe e Tamas SZEMES2, Esz e DAVID3, Timo ei Is an ERDEI4, Gabo SZABO5 1Associa e P o esso , Head o Depa men , [email protected] 2College Associa e P o esso , szemespe e[email p o ec ed] 3Building Se ices and Mecha onic Enginee S uden , esz e da [email protected] 4Mecha onic Enginee S uden , [email p o ec ed] 5Mechanical Enginee S uden , [email p o ec ed] N ANNALS OF THE ORADEA UNIVERSITY Fascicle o Managemen and Technological Enginee ing ISSUE #1, MAY 2013, h p://www.im uo adea. o/auo. m e/ 105 1) Building au oma ion and building su eillance 2) Building secu i y and objec secu i y 3) Building in o ma ics, communica ion ne s and he main enance o in o ma ics solu ions ha can help building ope a ion. The Building Mecha onics Resea ch Cen e p o ides eal- ime in es iga ion and measu emen o he ene gy consump ion beha iou s o an educa ion building and ooms o ec ea ion. The pu pose o he Resea ch Cen e is o c ea e ex ao dina y and special measu emen op ions o ind e ec i e me hods o he anomalies o he consume s’ beha iou and enume a ion. Fu he mo e, ind new ways o a oid he losses. In he in elligen building wo hea pump sys ems a e capable o he hea ing and cooling o he 1066m2 o al a ea. Bo h o hem a e ee o ms o ene gy and p o ide hea ing - cooling and he Domes ic Ho Wa e (DHW) needed by he ec ea ion ooms o isi ing esea che s. Genkinge [1] sc u inized he economic and en i onmen al impac o ai - o- wa e hea pump combina ions o o he hea ing sys ems especially o DHW p epa a ion. B. Hea Pump Sys em wi h Ai Duc The pa ame e s o he comp esso o he hea pump can be measu ed as well as he inco po a ed 1000-li e-la ge hea sink. The moni o ing is also possible ia he in o ma ion echnological ne wo k o he building wi h emo e con ac . The elec ic capaci y o he hea pump is 1200W. The con olled mel o he sys em as well as he obse a ion o he sa e y ca ch (high p essu e, low p essu e, liquid ci cula ion, ex eme alues o empe a u e, di ec ion o o a ion, phase ailu e, ca e empe a u e) a e assu ed (shown on Figu e 1.) The sys em can be ope a ed in island mode o ope a ion and wi h independen elec ic con ol, h ough he Human Machine In e ace (HMI) which can be locally measu ed. The ope a ion pa ame e s and measu ed alues can be eached and changed h ough E he ne ne wo k. Wi hin a ional limi s, he appa a us enables he change o he pa ame e s o he comp esso , gas ci cle, e apo a ion and condense ci cle. The e o e, he ope a ion o he gas pump sys em can also be in luenced. The con ol delimi s he possibili y o measu ing by means o ex eme alues o unc ional condi ions so he appa a us is sc eened om acciden al alse se ing o ope a ional pa ame e s. The sys em can be connec ed o ou side s o es in he case o one-ci cle and mul i-ci cula mode o ope a ion and he p oduced hea ene gy can also be eco e ed. The de ice can be ope a ed in he loca ion o ins alla ion in di e en con igu a ions (se ial o pa allel connec ion o s o es, esp. hei andem o cascade mode o ope a ion, inco po a ion in o he HMI and/o hea ing ci cle o he building). The appa a us is also p o ided wi h a supplemen a y hea ing and an i- eezing unc ion and i s ope a ional pa ame e s can also be easily measu ed in he case o ex eme me eo ological ci cums ances. The Depa men o Ene gy (DOE) in he Uni ed S a es o Ame ica published a pape in Clea inghouse abou ai -sou ce hea pumps [2]. I desc ibes he imp o emen o pe o mance, he ope a ion and main enance. The hea pump can be easily ese , ins alled o ano he loca ion and a e he connec ion can be immedia ely swi ched on, pu o use and has inco po a ed supplemen a y hea ing, egula o and ci cula ing pump as accesso ies. Fig. 1. Hea Pump Sys em wi h Ai Duc Sou ce: Compiled by au ho s ANNALS OF THE ORADEA UNIVERSITY Fascicle o Managemen and Technological Enginee ing ISSUE #1, MAY 2013, h p://www.im uo adea. o/auo. m e/ 106 Vacuum Tube Sola Collec o (1000W) The acuum- ube sola collec o is moun ed on o a s and and can be easily mo ed as well as easily and quickly connec ed o wa e -sys em. The ou low o he hea ansmi ing medium is assu ed by means o sel -closing quick-connec o s. The connec ion can be ealized wi h lexible ubes in any posi ion. The shape also assu es he sa e s o age ou o use (shown on Figu e 2.). The cha ac e is ics o he sys em a e as ollows: • Vacuum- ube sola collec o PERSC 1800/12V+; • Di ec - low and hea -pipe embodimen ; • Shaped measu ing poin s ( empe a u e, mass cu en ,) bo h on inpu and ou pu side; • Measu emen o all-in ligh capaci y; • Measu emen o he empe a u e o he abso p ion su ace; • Shaped wi h a mobile s and and lexible ubes; • Semi-au oma ic de-ae a ion a e connec ion; • E icien elec ic capaci y is 850W/m2; • E icien su ace is 1,26m2. I can be measu ed in mass cu en , inpu and ou pu empe a u e, su ace empe a u e and all-in ligh capaci y. The p oduced ho wa e is led o he bu e sink and hen o he DHW sys em o he building. C. Fla Sola Collec o s The cha ac e is ics o la sola collec o s a e as ollows: • 1 pc 1.9-2.2kW/2.4-3.0m2 • 1pc hin- able la sola collec o 1.8kW The hea pump sys em wi h sola collec o s is con olled by an NI sbRio 9606 FPGA ca d (shown on Figu e 2.). Fig. 2. Hea Pump Sys em wi h Sola Collec o s Sou ce: Compiled by au ho s D. Wind u bine (600W) The wind u bine is used o gene a e elec ici y om he kine ic powe o wind. Th ee da ieus blades p oduce 600W elec ic capaci y. The wind u bine se es as a s andby powe supply o elec ici y aul s. Ad anced compu e cooling sys em enhances pe o mance. The s a ing eloci y o wind is 1m/s, he nominal eloci y is 12m/s and he maximum is 65m/s. The di ec -d i e pe manen -magne synch onous gene a o is a h ee-phased AC engine. The ou pu ol age o he con olle is 12V and he in ensi y is ≤60A. The au oma ic b ake sys em p o ides sa e ope a ion as well as manual shu down. The wo king empe a u e anges -30…+50°C. III. FEATURES OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AWARENESS We would like o ob ain highe ene gy consump ion awa eness h ough he examina ion o he consume s’ beha iou s. The educ ion o he ene gy use can be eached by he means o ene gy con ol and an in elligen building managemen . The aim is o cap u e da a which can be used o imp o ed ene gy analy ics and pe o mance, acili ies managemen and educed ope a ing cos s [3]. We wo k on he nex h ee le els:  Ce i ica ion: we u ilize ex e io e e ences o design o use nominal da a o c ea e „medium” ene gy e iciency su ey ANNALS OF THE ORADEA UNIVERSITY Fascicle o Managemen and Technological Enginee ing ISSUE #1, MAY 2013, h p://www.im uo adea. o/auo. m e/ 107 wi h he app op ia e p esc ip o he inland au ho i ies o he Eu opean Union.  Ope a ion: we achie e highe ene gy consump ion awa eness h ough he examina ion o he consume s’ beha iou s. The educ ion o ene gy use can be eached by he means o ene gy con ol and an in elligen building managemen .  In es men : we can inc ease he ene gy e iciency wi h econs uc ion, in o he wo ds we examine he e u n o he in es men in ol e he ull li e cycle cos and examina ion o he consume s’ beha iou s. New measu emen p ocedu es should be e ol ed o de ine, measu e and compa e he consump ions habi s and make a comple e de ini ion o consume s’ beha iou s. In ou esea ch we c ea e he e e ence o he building on he basis o [6] and [7]. The building ene gy ce i ica e in Hunga y (7/2006 TNM [8] as calcula ion me hod) is conce ned o only esiden ial, educa ional ins i u ions and business cen e. Bu wha is he si ua ion wi h he o he indus ial, local go e nmen and se ice buildings? How can we make a co ec e e en ial alue, wha is used o compa e? We obse e he consume s’ beha iou in eal ime en i onmen o make alues. The o dina y and enewable ene gy sys ems in he building a e measu ed and models a e c ea ed abou hem and he measu ed alues. In building mecha onics, measu emen and da a collec ion is o high impo ance. The eliabili y and epea abili y o measu emen s is signi ican because o he complex ene gy and subs a um s eams as well as he non- epea able ambien a iables. Building mecha onics se ices equi es high eliabili y and p ecision de ices such as senso s, da a collec o s, da a p ocesso s and s o es. IV. NI SBRIO 9606 CARD The Na ional Ins umen s’ so wa e and ha dwa e means a e keys ones o echnically sus ainable de elopmen and in as uc u e. The uni s d i en by enewable ene gy a e con olled by an NI compac con olle . We chose he NI sbRio echnology which is an FPGA-based echnology. The e can be buil econ igu able, pa allel wo king eal- ime embedded con olle s (shown on Figu e 3.). Fig. 3. NI sbRio 9606 Ca d[4] NI sbRio 9606 Ca d in eg a ed in o hea pump sys em:  400MHz p ocesso , 512MB non- ola ile s o age, 256MB DRAM o de e minis ic con ol and analysis  Recon igu able Xilinx Spa an-6 LX45 FPGA o cus om iming, inline p ocessing, and con ol  96 3.3V DIO lines  In eg a ed 10/100BASE-T E he ne , RS232 se ial, CAN, and USB po s; 9 o 30VDC supply inpu  -40 o 85°C local ambien ope a ing empe a u e ange The NI sbRIO-9606 embedded con ol and acquisi ion de ice in eg a es a eal- ime p ocesso , a use - econ igu able FPGA, and I/O on a single p in ed ci cui boa d (PCB). I ea u es a 400MHz indus ial p ocesso , a Xilinx Spa an-6 LX45 FPGA, and a RIO Mezzanine Ca d connec o , which is a high-speed, high-bandwid h connec o p o iding di ec access o he p ocesso and 96 3.3V digi al I/O FPGA lines. This de ice ea u es a buil -in 10/100Mbi /s E he ne po ha can be used o conduc p og amma ic communica ion o e he ne wo k and hos buil -in web (HTTP) and ile (FTP) se e s. The sbRIO-9606 also ea u es in eg a ed CAN, RS232 se ial, and USB po s o con olling pe iphe al de ices. The p o essionals o Ene go es buil a ca ie o he ”mo he ca d” (shown on Figu e 4.):  32 digi al inpu s,  16 Push-pull ou pu s, 16 elay ou pu s  16 PWM (analogue) ou pu s and  32 (16 di e en ial) analogue inpu s Because o he d as ic dec ease o he in o ma ion echnology solu ions and he inc ease o indi idual solu ions, he FPGA p o ides a lexible and econ igu able sys em. I can ex end he li e o elec onical de ices. Fig. 4. NI sbRio 9606 Ca d on he ca ie panel Sou ce: Compiled by au ho s The NI LabVIEW p o ides o c ea e eal ime simula ion sys ems in pa allel p ocessing. Wi h he app op ia e ex ensions he LabVIEW (sho o Labo a o y Vi ual Ins umen a ion Enginee ing Wo kbench) is a sys em design pla o m and de elopmen en i onmen o a g aphical p og amming language om Na ional Ins umen s. The p og amming language used in LabVIEW, also e e ed o as G, is a da a low p og amming language. Execu ion is de e mined by he s uc u e o a g aphical block ANNALS OF THE ORADEA UNIVERSITY Fascicle o Managemen and Technological Enginee ing ISSUE #1, MAY 2013, h p://www.im uo adea. o/auo. m e/ 108 diag am ( he LV-sou ce code) on which he p og amme connec s di e en unc ion-nodes by d awing wi es. These wi es p opaga e a iables and any node can execu e as soon as all i s inpu da a become a ailable. Since his migh be he case o mul iple nodes simul aneously, G is inhe en ly capable o pa allel execu ion. Mul i-p ocessing and mul i- h eading ha dwa e is au oma ically exploi ed by he buil -in schedule , which mul iplexes mul iple OS h eads o e he nodes eady o execu ions. The g aphical p og amming use in e ace and philosophy p o ides u he didac ic chances. LabVIEW has plen y o implemen a ions in indus y as i can be used o es many impo an aspec s o mechanical signals and sys ems; s ess, s ain, hea dissipa ion, momen s and luid dynamics a e jus a ew examples. In o ma ion can be logged and igo ous au oma ed DAQ (Da a acquisi ion) schemes can be implemen ed en i ely om wi hin he LabVIEW en i onmen . Ou depa men colleagues also de elop Objec o ien ed p og ams (Building-Mecha onic) in LabVIEW en i onmen . The ully modula cha ac e o LabVIEW code allows code euse wi hou modi ica ions: as long as he da a ypes o inpu and ou pu a e consis en , wo sub VIs a e in e changeable and i can inc ease he p oduc i i y. We chose NI LabView and sbRIO because o hei eliabili y and easy- o- i ing-in. Fu he mo e, he so wa e de elopmen is no di icul and he p ice/pe o mance a e is p ominen . Ano he eason was o ind easy de ices which ha e easy so wa e complexi y o ou s uden s o lea n quickly. The Mecha onics Depa men use he Na ional Ins umen s de ices in a ious ields in he educa ion: e.g. he ELVIS echnology, in he educa ion o digi al ci cui s o he NI DAQ and o he measu emen , da a collec ion o mecha onic p ojec s. V. BUILDING MECHATRONICS SIMULATION SYSTEM In Building Enginee ing he e is a cons an need o measu ing he ollowing physical quan i ies, indoo and ou doo : empe a u e, mois u e, p essu e, CO2 le el. In he Building Mecha onics Resea ch Cen e a building mecha onic simula ion sys em is de eloped and wi h he help o i we es Building au oma ion me hods and In o ma ion so wa es:  Communica ion p o ocol ( ield and b oadband)  Regula ion pe o mance and quali y  S abili y examina ion: eme gency, sec ional ailu e ea , educ ion o he ex en o damage Building Mecha onics simula ion sys em has wo sbRio FPGA ca d con olle s: Mas e and Sla e. (physical appea ance is shown on Figu e 5.) The Mas e is o measu emen con ol and makes building enginee simula ion. The Sla e is esponsible o he egula ion, he b oadband communica ion and he ea men ailu e. This way a wide- ange Building Mecha onic simula ion is c ea ed. The Mas e sbRio (Tes con olle ) is he communica ion mas e . I p oduces building simula ion by senso s, ac ua o s, building enginee modelling and uploads he es exe cise o he da a base. The Sla e sbRio (DUT: De ice Unde Tes ) p o ides he communica ion es s, he es o he egula ion unc ions and exe cises as well as he es o he main enance and ala m unc ions. Fig. 5. The Mas e and Sla e sbRio ca ds Sou ce: Compiled by au ho s The LabVIEW so wa e can communica e di ec ly wi h SQL-compa ible da a base h ough Modbus connec ion (shown on Figu e 6.). In o he wo ds i can ealise di ec da a collec ing and analysis. Fig. 6. Modbus TCP es ANNALS OF THE ORADEA UNIVERSITY Fascicle o Managemen and Technological Enginee ing ISSUE #1, MAY 2013, h p://www.im uo adea. o/auo. m e/ 109 Sou ce: Compiled by au ho s wi h NI LabView Fig. 7. Implemen ed Building Se ices Sou ce: Compiled by au ho s wi h NI LabView The ad an ages o choosing NI FPGA based echnology: sbRio is a eal- ime, pa allel p ocessing embedded de ice. The LabVIEW so wa e p o ides he de elopmen o he p og ams on PC wi h TCP/IP. The Sla e sbRio so wa e is embedded in o building enginee ing/ building managemen sys em wi hou modi ica ion. VI. CONCLUSION The e ec i e co-ope a ion o indus y and academy is equi ed o he mode n and quali ied ui ion. In he labo a o ies indus ial echnologies and esul s a e needed o be augh and open echnologies o esea ches: scien i ic wo ks, hesis on he le el o MSc and PhD. The hea pump sys em con olled by he NI sbRio 9606 ca d was ins alled in he In elligen Building. I is lexibly econ igu able acco ding o he building se ices demands. We buil up a Mas e -Sla e Simula ion Sys em om wo FPGA con olled sbRio ca d which is able o simula e he building, he building se ices, supe ision and communica ion. One sbRio 9606 is buil in he Hea pump sys em wi h sola collec o s. The es ed p og ams can be ansplan ed wi hou any change in o he hea pump sys ems’ con ol. The sbRio simula ion sys em is up- o-da e and can be used any imes. The e a e some basic building se ices implemen ed in he sys em which p o es he eliable wo king o he Simula ion Sys em. VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Ou Depa men is commi ed o he de ices and echnologies o he Na ional Ins umen s L d. We a e pleased o be able o s a e ou esea ches and ui ion on a s abile echnologic basemen . The de elopmen is come o exis ence by he „ HURO/0802/155_AF/01 HUNGARIAN - ROMANIAN R&D PLATFORM FOR INTELLIGENT BUILDING RESEARCH PROJECTS” Hunga ian- Romanian c oss-bo de co- ope a ion. This documen no equally shows he s a e poin o he Eu opean Union. The wo k is suppo ed by he TÁMOP-4.2.2.A- 11/1/KONV-2012-0041 p ojec . The p ojec is co- inanced by he Eu opean Union and he Eu opean Social Fund. VIII. REFERENCES [1] A. Genkinge , R. Do , T. A jei, “Combining hea pumps wi h sola ene gy o domes ic ho wa e p oduc ion”, in Ene gy P ocedia 30 ( 2012 ) 101 – 105, A ailable online a www.sciencedi ec .com, 2012 Published by Else ie L d. Selec ion and pee - e iew unde esponsibili y o he PSE AG [2] “Ai sou ce hea pumps”, DOE/GO-102001-1113, FS143, June 2001 [3] D. C. C oome, „In elligen Buildings: Design, Managemen And Ope a ion” Thomas Tel o d Publishing, Thomas Tel o d L d., 2004., ISBN 0 7277 3266 8, a ailable on h p://books.google.hu/books?id=5EYU9j sn sC&p in sec= on co e &dq=in elligen +building+managemen &hl=hu&sa=X&ei=Y8CSUYu MAYiC4ATSyoDwAg& ed=0CDAQ6AEwAA# =onepage&q=in ellig en %20building%20managemen & = alse [4] The o icial si e o NI sbRio 9606: h p://sine.ni.com/nips/cds/ iew/p/lang/hu/nid/210003 [5] The o icial si e o Elec onic Enginee ing and Mecha onics Depa men Facul y o Enginee ing Uni e si y o Deb ecen: h p://www.eng.unideb.hu/use di / m 2/ [6] DIN EN 15232 Ene gy pe o mance o buildings - Impac o Building Au oma ion, Con ols and Building Managemen [7] Di ec i e 2002/91/EC o he Eu opean Pa liamen and o he Council o 16 Decembe 2002 on he ene gy pe o mance o buildings [8] 7/2006. TNM, Building Ene gy Ce i ica e in Hunga y ANNALS OF THE ORADEA UNIVERSITY Fascicle o Managemen and Technological Enginee ing ISSUE #1, MAY 2013, h p://www.im uo adea. o/auo. m e/ 110