The influence of organizational values on competencies of managers

67 1, XVIII, 2015 Business Adminis a ion and Managemen DOI: 10.15240/ ul/001/2015-1-006 THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL VALUES ON COMPETENCIES OF MANAGERS Mi ja Go enak, Ma ko Fe jan In oduc ion Unde s anding he meaning o o ganiza ional alues and hei infl uence on employee pe o mance is becoming mo e and mo e impo an . Se e al psychologis s [51], [53], [30], ha e been esea ching alues o decades, bo h a indi idual and a o ganiza ional le el. The e is also a iew [35] o o ganiza ional alues ha a gues ha jus as any human communi y has i s own alue sys em he same is ue o any o ganiza ion. Taking ha in o accoun , we a e acing a dilemma, whe he [16] o ganiza ional alues a e some hing ha eme ges om an o ganiza ion o a e hey simply ans e ed om an indi idual le el o he o ganiza ional le el by i s employees. I is e y likely ha o ganiza ional alues de elop h ough a mix u e [16] o bo h. Thus, a he beginning o ganiza ional alues esemble pe sonal alues o he ounde o ounde s o an o ganiza ion. Howe e , as he o ganiza ion g ows, i s alues al e in ha hey inco po a e new expe iences ha b ing abou new alues, hus making an en i ely new se o o ganiza ional alues ha a e specifi c o ha e y o ganiza ion. O ganiza ional alues a e a pa o o ganiza ional cul u e [52] and ep esen [51] ela i ely pe manen , mo i a ional, emo ionally posi i e ca ego ies, o which people belie e ha hey a e wo h aspi ing o (lo e, peace, iendship, heal h, e c.). Th ough alues we can also see (li e ime) goals, which efl ec cul u al o spi i ual de elopmen o an indi idual o an o ganiza ion. Boya zis is ega ded as one o he ounde s o mode n defi ni ions o compe encies and a gues ha [9] alues a e he basis o he defi ni ion o compe encies. The e a e many o he defi ni ions o compe encies [45], [56], [13], [23], [46], [7] in which he ollowing is emphasized: pe sonal cha ac e is ics, knowledge, abili ies, mo i a ion, sel -image and alues. Abo e-men ioned au ho s ag ee ha compe encies de elop h ough ime based on expe iences people ge by pe o ming a ious jobs. The concep o co ela ion o o ganiza ional alues wi h compe encies is based upon a co ela ion ha is al eady es ablished wi hin o ganiza ional cul u e, o which we know ha o ganiza ional alues a e a pa o . I a ac s people wi h simila alues, belie s, knowledge, skills and abili ies. In o he wo ds, ce ain compe encies ha e an indi ec infl uence on he de elopmen o o ganiza ional cul u e. The mo i a ion o his esea ch e ol ed o m discussion [39] in which ied o answe he ques ion o how o link and explo e o ganiza ional alues wi h manage s’ compe encies. I was sugges ed [39] ha he bes way o link and explo e his is a he p ocess le el whe e we can compa e p ocesses wi hin an o ganiza ion and in ol emen as well as coope a ion o manage s wi hin hose same p ocesses. This kind o esea ch has some limi a ions, such as a limi ed numbe o p ocesses ha can be in es iga ed, which is why we ha e decided o conduc a c oss-sec ional esea ch, as i enables us o in es iga e a much bigge sample. 1. Theo e ical Backg ound 1.1 Values Values a e belie s upon which indi iduals pe o m hei asks [3] on he basis o hei p e e ences. On he o he hand, alues a e ela i ely pe manen [21] pe cep ional ames ha shape and infl uence he na u e o indi iduals’ beha io . Much wo k in he a ea o alues was also done by Rokeach [50] who defi ned alues as “ ypes o belie s, ha a e cen ally loca ed in indi iduals sys em o belie s and hey ep esen indi idual’s a i udes owa ds how someone should o should no beha e.” Ex ensi e esea ch on alues [54] EM_1_2015.indd 67EM_1_2015.indd 67 4.3.2015 11:42:334.3.2015 11:42:33 68 2015, XVIII, 1 Ekonomika a managemen has made a defi ni ion o alues om he social- psychological pe spec i e saying ha “ alues a e:  belie s o concep ualiza ions,  abou wan ed end s a es o beha io s,  ha exceed specifi c si ua ions,  di ec he e alua ion o beha io , and  a ed ega ding he ela i e impo ance.” Wi h his defi ni ion we ha e, o some ex en , mo ed away om, a ha poin , well-es ablished model p oposed be o e [51]. 1.2 O ganiza ional Values When discussing he p oblem o defi ning o ganiza ional alues i was [48] concluded ha o ganiza ional alues e ol e om o ganiza ional cul u e; hey belie e ha his is gene ally he philosophy which an o ganiza ion ollows. O ganiza ional alues [55] a e w i en wi hin o ganiza ional cul u e, gi en ha o ganiza ional cul u e defi nes expec a ions ega ding beha io , modes o conduc , modes o decision-making and communica ion s yles. Fu he i is s essed ha he impo ance o a b oade discussion ega ding o ganiza ional alues is impo an since his is he only way owa ds an ag eemen on he defi ni ion o alues. Va ious au ho s [47], [16], [14] ha e been discussing he co ela ion be ween o ganiza ional alues and long- e m pe o mance o o ganiza ions, his co ela ion is p o en on se e al p ac ice cases. I has also been de e mined ha o ganiza ions wi h clea ly s a ed o ganiza ional alues, which a e in e nalized by employees, each signifi can ly highe pe o mance esul s compa ed o alues which a e less clea ly s a ed o no s a ed a all [16]. On he o he hand he e ha e been wa nings abou po en ial haza ds young o ganiza ions a e aced wi h, especially ega ding o ganiza ional alues [20], ha when an o ganiza ion is young and g owing miss defi ned o ganiza ional alues can hinde i s g ow h and po en ially endange i s de elopmen . 1.3 Fi o Values When discussing how o ganiza ional alues fi pe sonal alues, we can iden i y ou p ominen heo ies ha we e de eloped h ough ime. In he fi eld o in e ac ional heo y, [40] we can see p oposi ion o a fi be ween pe sonal alues and en i onmen al alues (pe sonali y- en i onmen fi heo y). Fo he pu pose o his a icle we will ocus on wo heo ies: a heo y ha ocused on fi be ween a pe son and a job (pe sonali y-job fi heo y) [31], and heo y [34] which ocused on a fi be ween a pe son and an o ganiza ion (pe sonali y-o ganiza ional fi ). The emaining wo heo ies a e heo y [32] o fi be ween a pe son and one’s oca ion (pe sonal- oca ional fi ) and a heo y [29], [26] which discusses he fi be ween a pe son and a g oup (pe sonali y-g oup fi ). Resea ch [49] also ound ou ha he highe le el o fi be ween o ganiza ional and pe sonal alues is clea ly shown in indi iduals’ posi i e app oach o wo k as employees a e mo e sa isfi ed when hey a e pe o ming hei asks. 1.4 Compe encies Boya zis conside ed by many o be a pionee in he fi eld o compe encies, has done an ex ensi e esea ch among manage s in he USA, iden i ying ac o s ha infl uence hei success [9]. The s udy ocused on manage ial compe encies. Findings [9] e ealed ha compe encies a e a mix u e o indi iduals’ mo i es, abili ies, sel -image, social ole and knowledge ha a pe son uses in social in e ac ions. On he o he hand, we can see defi ni ion o compe encies [42] in a di e en ly as knowledge, ha one had gained. As such hey a e infl uenced by mo i es, abili ies, sel -image, social ole and knowledge ha one uses in social in e ac ions [9]. The e a e o he au ho s [4], [8] who iew compe encies as indi iduals’ beha io s in a ce ain si ua ion. In his espec , hey unde s and knowledge as some hing ha is indi idually lea ned; hey p opose beha io s o be he efl ec ion o compe encies. Ye ano he defi ni ion o compe encies was p oposed [37] ha somewha inco po a es a ious o he defi ni ions o compe encies, by saying ha he unde s ands indi iduals compe encies as: “ac i a ion, implemen a ion and cohesion o all he knowledge’s, abili ies, mo i es, sel image and alues ha enables he indi idual o pe o m asks and sol e p oblems in complex, a ious and unexpec ed si ua ions ha ace him”. Mo eo e , ano he in e es ing defi ni ion was p oposed [46] ha “compe encies a e appliance and co ela ion o knowledge, abili ies, mo i es, sel image and alues ha shape indi iduals compe encies”. Some ha e iden ifi ed compe encies as [28], [7] pe sonal cha ac e is ics ha ha e e ol ed h ough he educa ional p ocess and we e u he shaped by wo k in o ganiza ion; he e o e, au ho s do no jus ake in o accoun he EM_1_2015.indd 68EM_1_2015.indd 68 4.3.2015 11:42:334.3.2015 11:42:33 69 1, XVIII, 2015 Business Adminis a ion and Managemen educa ional p ocess bu also he wo k expe ience; howe e , we can also see addi ion o he social en i onmen [41], [10], in he so called p ima y socializa ion pe iod. 1.5 The In l uence be ween O ganiza ional Values and Compe encies o Manage s The concep o linking o ganiza ional alues o compe encies was linked wi h o ganiza ional cul u e, as o ganiza ional alues a e a pa o i and as such hey a ac people wi h simila alue p inciples and knowledge, skills and abili ies. In o he wo ds, ce ain compe encies infl uence how o ganiza ional cul u e is c ea ed. The e o e, his indica es ha he e is a co ela ion be ween o ganiza ional alues and compe encies ha is wo h esea ching. This, howe e , does no mean ha his a ea has no ye been esea ched. Fo example, he p ocess examined le el whe e we can compa e p ocesses wi hin an o ganiza ion and in ol emen as well as manage s’ coope a ion wi hin hose same p ocesses [39]. Al hough his esea ch yielded some esul s, we belie e ha he e y decision o esea ch he p ocess le el has infl uenced he esul s, showing less co ela ion han he e ac ually is. We can also see in es iga ion o he co ela ion be ween manage s’ alues and o ganiza ional cul u e [5]; fi ndings which e e o manage s’ alues a e s ill ele an oday and ha e infl uenced he de elopmen o o ganiza ional cul u e. The s udies discussed abo e a e in line wi h ou ini ial assump ion ha he e is a co ela ion be ween o ganiza ional alues and manage s’ compe encies, hus making his opic pa icula ly in e es ing o esea ch. 2. Resea ch Model Ha ing closely s udied a ious scien ifi c and p o essional li e a u e (s udies and heo ies on o ganiza ional alues and compe encies) we ha e de e mined ha he e is no model ha could be applied o ou da a. This encou aged us o de elop and p opose ou own model, hough we knew ha his also b ings abou some limi a ions:  Fi s , we decided o analyze o ganiza ional alues o nume ous o ganiza ions; we no ed how many imes a ce ain o ganiza ional alue shows up and concluded ha he ollowing six o ganiza ional alues mos equen ly occu in o ganiza ions om he a el and leisu e indus y: quali y, inno a ion, esponsibili y, e hics, cus ome s and employees.  Second, each o ganiza ional alue was ma ched up wi h a compe ency ha is in line wi h he meaning o ha alue. Based on his, six o ganiza ional alues and ma ching compe encies we e iden ifi ed. Fu he mo e, indica o s we e iden ifi ed ha ep esen each o ganiza ional alue o compe ence ha was es ed be o e. We adap ed hose indica o s o ou model, shown in Figu e 1. Fig. 1: Resea ch model Sou ce: [24] EM_1_2015.indd 69EM_1_2015.indd 69 4.3.2015 11:42:334.3.2015 11:42:33 70 2015, XVIII, 1 Ekonomika a managemen The le column o he model ea u es indica o s ha ha e been p e iously o med [44]. Quali y hus e e s o he quali y o wo k and li e, whe eas inno a ion e e s o ques o quali y and acili a ion o quali y. The alue esponsibili y e e s o esponsible use o esou ces and esponsible beha io . Simila ly, he alue e hics e e s o e hical beha io and e hical s anda ds. The alue cus ome s e e o knowledge ha cos ume s a e he ocal poin o e e y o ganiza ion. Las bu no leas , he alue employees e e o knowledge ha employees a e a powe ul sou ce o he company. The igh hand side p esen s compe encies wi h indica o s. They we e adap ed om he compe ency p ofi le published by he Cen e o Republic o Slo enia o Voca ional T aining (he e on CVT). Fo he pu pose o his esea ch a compe ency model de eloped by CVT o he p o ession o ho el manage s was used [15]. This s anda d includes 114 wo k asks and o each compe ence ha we ha e in ou model we selec ed 8 asks, which efl ec a ce ain compe ency. Indica o s o alues ha e al eady been es ed [44]. Howe e , he indica o s o compe encies s ill needed o be es ed. Fo his eason a pilo esea ch was conduc ed ha confi med he alidi y o selec ed indica o s. Ne e heless, mino changes we e unde aken be o e he su ey, p esen ed in his s udy, was conduc ed. 3. Me hodology 3.1 Resea ch Ques ion and Hypo hesis The aim o he esea ch was o es he alidi y o he model shown in Figu e 1. To his end, ou esea ch ques ion is: Is he e a s a is ically signifi can infl uence o o ganiza ional alues on ma ching compe encies? In o de o answe his esea ch ques ion he ollowing esea ch hypo hesis was se up: H: The o ganiza ional alues s a is ically signifi can ly infl uence compe encies o manage s. 3.2 Ins umen The co ela ion was es ed using a ques ionnai e wi h a pape -and-pencil su ey. The whole popula ion o he sec o ( a el and leisu e) ep esen s 9,117 people. We ha e been gi en consen om se e al o ganiza ions wi hin he sec o ha employs 2,762 people. 1,100 ques ionnai es we e dis ibu ed. The sampling wi hin o ganiza ions was andom. O 1100 ques ionnai es, 388 we e e u ned, wha ep esen s 35.27% o all ques ionnai es sen ou , i.e. 4.26% o he en i e popula ion. The ques ionnai e comp ised 75 ques ions ela ing o (1) o ganiza ional alues, (2) compe encies and (3) esponden ’s de ails (age, gende , numbe o wo king yea s, le el o educa ion e c.). 3.3 Sample We e alua ed he alidi y o he sample wi hin he selec ed sec o . The es chi-squa e es o signifi cance was employed on he ollowing demog aphic in o ma ion o esponden s: gende , educa ion and age. Fo he a iable sex, chi-squa e was 0.598 and signifi cance le el a p = 0.434, o he a iable educa ion, he chi-squa e es was 9.296 wi h signifi cance le el a p = 0.054, he fi nal a iable age p o ided a alue o 13.971, and he le el o signifi cance was a p = 0.052. The alue o chi-squa e dis ibu ion a signifi cance 0.05 o 5% a e o a iables wi h single deg ee o eedom ( a iable gende ) 3.8415, o a iables wi h ou deg ees o eedom ( a iable educa ion) 9.4877 and o a iables wi h se en deg ees o eedom ( a iable age) 14.0671 [38]. Based on he fi ndings we can conclude ha he esea ch sample could be gene alized o he whole popula ion. The sample which has been used o he pu pose o his pape con ained 133 (38.4%) male esponden s and 213 (61.6%) emale esponden s. The da a on age g oups a e p esen ed in Table 1. The da a on educa ion a e shown in Table 2. EM_1_2015.indd 70EM_1_2015.indd 70 4.3.2015 11:42:334.3.2015 11:42:33 71 1, XVIII, 2015 Business Adminis a ion and Managemen Age g oup Responses % Up o 24 yea s (inclusi e) 31 8.9 om 25 o 29 yea s 49 14.0 om 30 o 34 yea s 53 15.2 om 35 0 39 yea s 51 14.6 om 40 o 44 yea s 60 17.2 om 45 o 49 yea s 50 14.3 om 50 o 54 yea s 38 10.9 55 yea s o mo e 17 4.9 To al 349 100.0 Sou ce: [24] Educa ion Responses % Elemen a y school o less 34 9.6 Voca ional high school 83 23.5 High school 121 34.3 College deg ee 80 22.7 Uni e si y deg ee o mo e 35 9.9 To al 353 100.0 Sou ce: [24] 4. Resul s Fi s , we es ed he alidi y o he ques ionnai e using he C onbach’s alpha es , calcula ing he coe fi cien s o each se o a iables. We ha e pe o med his es on a iables ha measu ed alues fi s ; he alue was 0.859, hus indica ing g ea eliabili y o measu emen . Fo a iables ha measu ed compe ency quali y he alue was 0.833, o a iables measu ing inno a ion compe ence he alue was 0.823, o a iables measu ing esponsibili y compe ence he alue was 0.855. Mo eo e , o a iables ha measu ed he e hics compe ence he alue was 0.841 and o cus ome s compe ence he alue was 0.840. Finally, he a iables ha measu ed he quali y compe ence he alue was 0.861. These alues indica e g ea eliabili y o measu emen [22] and wi h ega d o he composi ion and cha ac e is ics o he sample, we belie e ha i is ep esen a i e. 4.1 Fo ma ing Me ged Va iables The s uc u e o he ques ionnai e used in he su ey demanded some a iables o be me ged and no used indi idually. Values o some a iables ha we e in en ionally o med in nega i e o m s a emen s we e ans o med h ough he s a emen s be o e c ea ing composi e a iables and we e no changed in o posi i e o m. In he fi s s ep we ha e conduc ed a ac o analysis on he se o fi s 20 a iables ha measu ed o ganiza ional alues. Ou o 20 a iables 12 o hem ha e posi ioned hemsel es in 6 di e en ac o s wi h sui able weigh s, o he 8 ha e ei he no posi ioned in any o he ac o s o ha e had minimum weigh in wo o mo e ac o s ha is why we ha e emo ed hem. Resul s a e shown in Table 3. Tab. 1: Age g oups o esponden s’ Tab. 2: Educa ion o esponden s EM_1_2015.indd 71EM_1_2015.indd 71 4.3.2015 11:42:334.3.2015 11:42:33 72 2015, XVIII, 1 Ekonomika a managemen Va iable Fac o 123456 V3 Quali y o wo k is impo an in ou o ganiza ion. .942 V4 Wi hin ou o ganiza ion we a e ocused on success ully comple ing ou asks. .754 V20 Encou agemen o posi i e examples is a e in ou o ganiza ion. .726 V15 Inhibi ion o inno a i e ideas is equen in ou o ganiza ion. .710 V18 Adap a ion o di e en business si ua ions p esen s a p oblem o ou o ganiza ion. .659 V10 Immo al beha io a wo k is accep able in ou o ganiza ion. .620 V7 In ou o ganiza ion we espec each o he . .902 V12 Employees in ou o ganiza ion in e ac . .622 V19 In ou o ganiza ion we y o sa is y he needs o ou cos ume s. .869 V8 P ac ices in ou o ganiza ion a e ocused on ou cos ume s/gues s. -.533 V5 A wo k in ou o ganiza ion we beha e esponsibly owa ds o he s a ound us. .723 V2 To achie e he objec i es wi hin ou o ganiza ion we a e wo king pe sis en ly. .210 Sou ce: [24] We ha e named he ac o s ha we ha e de e mina ed in Table 3 in he ollowing o de ; he fi s ac o ep esen s quali y, so we ha e me ged he a iables in he fi s ac o in o new a iable named OVQ – O ganiza ional alue quali y. The a iables in he second ac o ep esen inno a i eness, so we ha e me ged he a iables in he second ac o in new a iable named OVI – O ganiza ional alue inno a ion. The a iables in he hi d ac o ep esen e hical conduc , so we ha e me ged he a iables in he hi d ac o in new a iable named OVE – O ganiza ional alue e hics. The a iables in he ou h ac o ep esen employees, so we ha e me ged he a iables in he ou h ac o in new a iable named OVE – O ganiza ional alue employees. The a iables in he fi h ac o ep esen cos ume s, so we ha e me ged he a iables in he fi h ac o in new a iable named OVC – O ganiza ional alue cos ume s. The a iables in he fi nal six h ac o ep esen esponsibili y, so we ha e me ged he a iables in he six h ac o in new a iable named OVR – O ganiza ional alue esponsibili y. Some may a gue ha he second a iable in six h ac o V2 To achie e he objec i es wi hin ou o ganiza ion we a e wo king pe sis en ly is no sui able o be posi ioned due o he ela i ely low weigh ha i has, bu due o he ac ha i has posi ioned only in his six h ac o and i has posi ioned as a second no a leading a iable in his ac o we ha e decided o use i anyways. Wi h he help o ac o analysis we we e able o explain 67.76% o a iabili y o o ganiza ional alues wi h hese 12 a iables in 6 ac o s. In he second s ep we ha e conduc ed a ac o analysis on he se o second 48 a iables ha measu ed compe encies. Ou o 48 a iables 30 o hem ha e posi ioned hemsel es in 6 di e en ac o s wi h sui able weigh s, o he 18 ha e ei he no posi ioned in any o he ac o s o ha e had minimum weigh in wo o mo e ac o s ha is why we ha e emo ed hem. Resul s a e shown in Table 4. Tab. 3: Fac o analysis o a iables ha measu ed o ganiza ional alues EM_1_2015.indd 72EM_1_2015.indd 72 4.3.2015 11:42:334.3.2015 11:42:33 73 1, XVIII, 2015 Business Adminis a ion and Managemen Va iable Fac o 123456 U1 My manage communica es wi h cos ume s espec ully. .719 E5 My manage supe ises compliance o ex e nal and in e nal egula ions. .544 O6 My manage moni o s he esul s o he o ganiza ional uni . .516 E4 My manage wo ks in acco dance wi h he en i onmen al p o ec ion measu es. .509 O2 My manage dis ibu es he wo k o subo dina es acco ding o wo kload. .487 U3 My manage akes ca e o he impo ance o con ac s wi h cos ume s. .481 O7 My manage akes ca e o ensu e he a ional use o ene gy, ma e ials and ime. .455 E6 Dis espec ul communica ion wi h employees is ypical o my manage . .696 E3 Immo al conduc is ypical o my manage . .581 Z1 My manage ’s conduc c ea es a nega i e a mosphe e. .580 U8 My manage ails o ensu e good ela ionships wi h cus ome s. .538 E7 My manage has a disc imina o y a i ude owa ds employees. .494 I2 Encou aging changes o he p ocedu es a wo k a e ypical o my manage . .652 K3 My manage is moni o ing he implemen a ion o asks. .495 K2 My manage esol es demanding complain s p o essionally. .474 K4 My manage encou ages employees o pe o m be e a wo k. .465 I5 Timely iden ifi ca ion o new o ms o wo k is ypical o my manage . .443 K1 My manage does no supe ise he wo k p ocess. .771 K5 My manage does no con ol he quali y o pe o med wo k. .566 O1 My manage i esponsibly o de s he wo k o employees. .506 K8 My manage is no able o deal wi h asks in imely manne . .467 O3 My manage is unp o essional a o ganiza ion o wo k wi hin he uni . .456 Tab. 4: Fac o analysis o a iables ha measu ed compe encies (pa 1) EM_1_2015.indd 73EM_1_2015.indd 73 4.3.2015 11:42:334.3.2015 11:42:33 74 2015, XVIII, 1 Ekonomika a managemen Va iable Fac o 123456 Z7 P o iding ins uc ion o new employees a wo k is ypical o my manage . .802 Z2 My manage pa icipa es as a men o o new employees. .702 Z8 My manage ad ises employees a wo k. .653 Z4 Ca ing o he con inuous de elopmen o employe- es is ypical o my manage . .539 Z3 Resol ing he conc e e p oblems in he p ocess is he na u e o my manage . .466 U6 My manage p epa es special ma ke ou le s (discoun s, c edi s, ec .) .465 U7 My manage moni o s cus ome loyal y. .374 U5 My manage moni o s supply on he ma ke . .351 Sou ce: [24] We ha e named he ac o s ha we ha e de e mina ed in Table 4 in he ollowing o de ; he fi s ac o ep esen s esponsible beha io , so we ha e me ged he a iables in he fi s ac o in o new a iable named CR – Compe encies esponsibili y. The a iables in he second ac o ep esen e hical conduc , so we ha e me ged he a iables in he second ac o in new a iable named CE – Compe encies e hics. The a iables in he hi d ac o ep esen inno a i e beha io , so we ha e me ged he a iables in he hi d ac o in new a iable named CI – Compe encies inno a ion. The a iables in he ou h ac o ep esen assu ance o quali y, so we ha e me ged he a iables in he ou h ac o in new a iable named CQ – Compe encies quali y. The a iables in he fi h ac o ep esen coope a ion wi h employees, so we ha e me ged he a iables in he fi h ac o in new a iable named CEm – Compe encies employees. The a iables in he fi nal six h ac o ep esen cos ume s, so we ha e me ged he a iables in he six h ac o in new a iable named CC – Compe encies cos ume s. Wi h he help o ac o analysis we we e able o explain 54.96% o a iabili y o compe encies wi h hese 30 a iables in 6 ac o s. A e o ming new me ged a iables we ha e also me ged all o ganiza ional alues in o one new a iable ha we ha e named OVMe – O ganiza ional alues me ged. We did he same wi h all me ged compe encies and c ea ed ano he new a iable named CMe – Compe encies me ged. Ou nex s ep was o measu e mean alues and s anda d de ia ions in hese newly o med a iables, esul s a e show in Table 5. Illus a ed in Table 5, nei he o mean alues no s anda d de ia ions o newly o med a iables a e abo e he gene ally expec ed ange. As a as mean alues go he e is no much o a di e ence be ween a iables ela ed o o ganiza ional alues compa ed o he a iables ela ed o compe encies, bu when we look in o he alues o s anda d de ia ions we can see ha he a e age s anda d de ia ion is sligh ly lowe o a iables ela ed o compe encies as opposed o a iables ela ed o o ganiza ional alues. Fu he in e es was ela ed o measu ing he co ela ion be ween me ged a iables o o ganiza ional alues and ma ching pai s o me ged a iables o compe encies. The e o e Pea son’s co ela ion coe fi cien was used; esul s a e shown in Table 6. Tab. 4: Fac o analysis o a iables ha measu ed compe encies (pa 2) EM_1_2015.indd 74EM_1_2015.indd 74 4.3.2015 11:42:334.3.2015 11:42:33 75 2015 Business Adminis a ion and Managemen Me ged a iable Mean alue S anda d de ia ion O ganiza ional alues OVQ – O ganiza ional alue quali y 4.32 0.90 OVI – O ganiza ional alue inno a ion 3.40 1.06 OVR – O ganiza ional alue esponsibili y 4.10 0.89 OVE – O ganiza ional alue e hics 3.52 1.05 OVC – O ganiza ional alue cus ome s 4.07 0.80 OVEm – O ganiza ional alue employees 3.64 0.93 OVMe – O ganiza ional alues me ged 3.83 0.63 Compe encies CQ – Compe encies quali y 3.98 0.87 CI – Compe encies inno a ion 3.68 0.86 CR – Compe encies esponsibili y 3.91 0.82 CE – Compe encies e hics 3.94 0.92 CC – Compe encies cus ome s 3.76 0.91 CEm – Compe encies employees 3.67 0.91 CMe – Compe encies me ged 3.84 0.69 Sou ce: [24] Among da a shown in Table 6 we ha e highligh ed he co ela ions ha we a e in e es ed in. All he highligh ed co ela ions a e posi i e, he s eng h o he co ela ion is mode a e in mos cases [1], only he co ela ions be ween he o ganiza ional alue esponsibili y and he compe ence esponsibili y and co ela ion be ween he o ganiza ional alue cos ume s and he compe ence cos ume s a e s ong [1] in he ma ching pai s ha we a e in e es ed in. Also seen om Table 6 he e a e some o he co ela ions ha need o be men ioned. The e is a s ong co ela ion be ween o ganiza ional alue cos ume s and compe encies esponsibili y (.628**) wha can be explained ha in he sec o ha his esea ch was conduc ed cos ume s a e e y impo an and he e o e esponsible beha io o manage s owa ds cos ume s is comple ely expec ed. Howe e , he e a e also some pai s ha ha e no p esen ed s a is ically signifi can co ela ion, among o ganiza ional alues e hics and compe encies esponsibili y he e is no s a is ically signifi can co ela ion (.073) and his is somewha ala ming, since i ells us ha o ganiza ional alue e hics does no co ela e wi h esponsible beha io o manage s. In he ollowing sec ion we ha e conduc ed a linea eg ession analysis whe e he infl uence o be ween independen a iables owa ds dependen a iables was analyzed. The infl uence o each o he independen a iables was e alua ed so ha i is no dependen on infl uences be ween a ious independen a iables. Table 7 p esen s he alues o eg ession among pai s o independen a iables (o ganiza ional alues) and ma ching pai s o dependen a iables (compe encies), as p oposed in ou esea ch model. Tab. 5: Mean alues and s anda d de ia ions o me ged a iables EM_1_2015.indd 75EM_1_2015.indd 75 4.3.2015 11:42:344.3.2015 11:42:34 82 2015, XVIII, 1 Ekonomika a managemen [52] SCHEIN, E. H. O ganiza ional Cul u e and Leade ship: A Dynamic View. San F ancisco: Jossey-Publishe , 1987. ISBN 978-1555423315. [53] SCHWARTZ, S. H. Uni e sals in he con e n and s uc u e o alues: Theo e ical ad ances and empi ical es s in 20 coun ies. Ad ances in expe imen al social psychology. 1992, Vol. 25, pp. 1-65. ISSN 0065-2601. doi:h p://dx.doi. o g/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6. [54] SCHWARTZ, S., BILSKY, W. H. Towa d a uni e sal psychological s uc u e o human alues. Jou nal o Pe sonali y and Social Psychology. 1987, Vol. 53, Iss. 3, pp. 550- 562. ISSN 0022-3514. doi:h p://dx.doi. o g/10.1037/0022-3514.53.3.550. [55] SIMMERLY, R. G. S a egic planing and leade ship in con inuing educa ion. San F ancisco: Jossey-Bass Publishe s, 1987. ISBN 978-1555420345. [56] THOMPSON, J., RICHARDSON, B. S a egic compe ency: The lea ning challange. Jou nal o Wo kplace Lea ing. 1996, Vol. 9, Iss. 5, pp. 153-162. ISSN 1366-5626. assis . p o . Mi ja Go enak, Ph.D. Uni e si y o Ma ibo Facul y o Tou ism [email p o ec ed] p o . Ma ko Fe jan, Ph.D. Uni e si y o Ma ibo Facul y o O ganiza ional Sciences ma ko. e jan@ o .uni-mb.si EM_1_2015.indd 82EM_1_2015.indd 82 4.3.2015 11:42:344.3.2015 11:42:34 83 1, XVIII, 2015 Business Adminis a ion and Managemen Abs ac THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL VALUES ON COMPETENCIES OF MANAGERS Mi ja Go enak, Ma ko Fe jan This pape discusses he in l uence o o ganiza ional alues on manage s’ compe encies. O ganiza ional alues a e a e l ec ion o indi idual alues o ounde o ounding membe s o he o ganiza ion. Th ough ime o ganiza ional alues a e shaped by e e y membe o he o ganiza ion and by e en s ha shape he o ganiza ion. On he o he hand compe encies o manage s a e no sha ed by he whole o ganiza ion hough hey do in l uence he way manage s un hei o ganiza ions and h ough his also how o ganiza ions wo k. Based on he i ndings o p e ious s udies a model o measu ing he in l uence o o ganiza ional alues on manage s’ compe encies was p oposed. Mo e speci i cally, by conduc ing a p elimina y s udy a model was c ea ed ha discusses he in l uence o six mos commonly s a ed o ganiza ional alues on he ma ching compe encies. To his end esea ch ques ion has been p oposed: Wha is he le el o co ela ion be ween o ganiza ional alues and ma ching compe encies o manage s? The pape -and-pencil su ey was ca ied ou in he a el and leisu e indus y, whe e 1,100 employees we e su eyed. The 388 pa icipan s who i lled ou he ques ionnai e ep esen a 35.27% yield o su eys sen ou and 4.26% o he popula ion o his indus y in Slo enia. We ha e de e mined ha he e is a s a is ically signi i can in l uence o o ganiza ional alues on ma ching compe encies. This i nding clea ly indica es ha o ganiza ional alues ha e a s ong in l uence on manage s’ compe encies. This also o some ex en suppo s he idea o managing by alues whe e managing o o ganiza ions is ocused on o ganiza ional alues and e e y decision is done h ough he scope o hese alues. Key Wo ds: Values, o ganiza ional alues, compe encies, model, a el and leisu e indus y. JEL Classi i ca ion: M12. DOI: 10.15240/ ul/001/2015-1-006 EM_1_2015.indd 83EM_1_2015.indd 83 4.3.2015 11:42:344.3.2015 11:42:34