Menihy and his family: New evidence for the tjenenet sanctuary

Menihy and his family: New evidence for the tjenenet sanctuary 1 Veronika Dulíková ABSTRACT The depiction of the family of Menihy on alintel found at Abusir South attracts attention due to acomponent present in the compound personal names of his children. All but one of them have names including the element tjenenet, which is remarkable in the context of previously found mentions of the tjenenet sanctuary at Abusir South. The lintel belongs to the Sixth Dynasty finds discovered at the Czech archaeological con‑ cession that had originally been part of tombs or cult places and were destroyed already in antiquity. Some reflections on the function of the tjenenet are included. KEYWORDS Abusir South– Saqqara– Old Kingdom– Sixth Dynasty– tjenenet sanctuary– Memphite cults– lintel– Inti tjenenet ـلا لكيه ىلع ديدج ليلد :هتلئاعو ىحيإ نم افوكيلود اكينوريف صخلملا ةيمهلأا نم ةريبك ةجرد ىلع ريصوبأ بونج ةقطنمب هيلع روثعلا مت بتع ىلع ىحيإ نم ةلئاعل هريوصت مت ىذلا رظنملا نإ رصنعلا اهيف لخادتي ءامسأ ،طقف مهنم دحاو ءانثتساب ،مهعيمج لمحي ثيح .هلافطلأ ةيصخشلا ءامسلأاب رصنع دوجو ببسب بونج ةقطنمب اهيلع روثعلا مت ىتلاو tjenenet ىلإ ريشت ىتلا ةقباسلا تاقايسلاب هتنراقم دنع زيمم رمأ وهو ، tjenenet ىف بتعلا ناك امبرو ،ةيكيشتلا ةثعبلا اهيلع ترثع ةسداسلا ةرسلأا رصعل دوعت ىرخأ تافاشتكا ىلإ بتعلا ىمتني .ريصوبأ ضعب ثحبلا نمضتي امك .ةميدقلا روصعلا للاخ لعفلاب اهريمدت مت ىتلا ةدابعلا نكامأ وأ رباقملا نم ًايرامعم ًارصنع ساسلأا .tjenenet ةفيظو ىلع تاساكعنلاا ةلادلا تاملكلا ىتنإ – بتع – ةيفنملا ةدابعلا – tjenenet ـلا لكيه – ةسداسلا ةرسلأا – ةميدقلا ةلودلا – ةراقس – ريصوبأ بونج ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT AND THE DESCRIPTION OF THE LINTEL Alintel inscribed for Menihy was discovered during the excavation of mastaba AS 79 dur‑ ing the 2015 autumn season at Abusir South. The superstructure of the mastaba was largely destroyed, no cult structures were detected there. However, numerous fragments of relief 1 Iwould like to thank the two anonymous peer ‑reviewers whose stimulating notes and observations were helpful in improving this article, especially for the translation of personal names. PRAGUE EGYPTOLOGICAL STUDIES XXVII/2021, 45–57 46 PRAGUE EGYPTOLOGICAL STUDIES XXVII/2021 50 cm 0 Fig. 1 Lintel showing overseer of crews Menihy and his family (photo M. Frouz, drawing J. Malátková) 050 cm 47VERONIKA DULÍKOVÁ decoration found in the fill of the shafts of this mastaba and the adjacent tombs explored up to now indicate the presence of Sixth Dynasty tombs destroyed already in antiquity. The lintel broken into pieces was found when cleaning Shaft 1 of mastaba AS 79. Its right part (35/AS79/2015) was discovered in the fill of the shaft, 2.0 m from its opening, and the left part (37/AS79/2015) at adepth of 5.7 m. The whole lintel is 85.7 cm long, 32.3 cm wide and 6.5 cm thick (fig. 1). The rectangular lintel is made of white limestone. Its right upper corner is damaged. The lintel shows the representation of Menihy and his family, including his wife and five children, executed in sunk relief. No traces of paint are visible. The owner is pictured four times striding and facing right. The individual figures are divided by asingle column of inscription bordered with vertical lines. In each of the four representations, the owner is accompanied by one of his sons who are facing their father and bring offerings. In addition to that, the last segment includes the representation of his wife and daughter. All five children are rendered on asmall scale with their heads reaching to the father’sknees. The owner’spersonal name is recorded in front of his face in all four representations. The figures of the deceased and his wife are elaborated, whereas the small figures of their children are executed rather schematically, exaggerating their hands, in which they bring offerings to their father. It is worth noticing that most hieroglyphic signs in the inscriptions accompanying the smaller figures are reversed. The rendering style of the deceased’sclenched hands represents another noticeable curiosity: his left arm with the staff shows the back of the hand and the thumb is oriented towards the body, whereas his right arm with the sceptre has the fingers visible and the thumb is placed once again on the opposite side. It implies that Menihy’shands are swapped in the representation– the right arm ends with the left hand and the left arm with the right. The lack of elaborated details in the execution of the main figures (the rendering of the beads in the broad collar and the pleating of the kilt) and also of the hieroglyphs (e.g., , , ) in the third and fourth segments indicates that the lintel is unfinished. Amore detailed description of the individual elements consecutively numbered 1 to 4 follows. 1. The deceased is depicted wearing aknee ‑long pleated kilt with aprotruding tip, ashort wig, bracelets and abroad collar with three suspending ribbons2 reaching to his belly. Five rows of beads can be identified in the minutely executed broad collar. The individual holds along staff in his left arm with the right hand, while the right arm with the left hand grasps akherep‑ ‑sceptre, the staff of which is hidden behind his body. The remainder of the person’sname is to be found before his face inscribed vertically: [Mn-]IHy, “[Men]ihy (Ihy is enduring)” (Ranke 1935: 150, no. 4; Scheele–Schweitzer 2014: 1235 [373]; Gourdon 2007: [236] 5). Between the staff and the deceased’sleg, amale person is depicted on asmaller scale, reach‑ ing to the knee of the deceased, striding towards him and carrying the foreleg of an ox. The extremely slim figure is wearing aknee ‑long kilt and ashoulder ‑length wig. His right hand, extended towards the large figure of his father, holds the upper part of the beef leg, which is depicted behind his back. His left hand holds the lower part of the leg. 2 These ribbons are common in the late Fifth Dynasty and the Sixth Dynasty, regularly on sculptures (Gabriele Pieke, personal communication). 48 PRAGUE EGYPTOLOGICAL STUDIES XXVII/2021 An inscription in acolumn above his head reveals his kinship and name: zA.f Inti, “His son Inti” (Ranke 1935: 38, no. 23; Scheele–Schweitzer 2014: 240–241 [325]; Gourdon 2007: 74 [1]). 2. The depiction of the deceased is almost identical to the first case. The only difference is that the sceptre is depicted in the front, horizontally over the kilt. Asingle text column divides the first and the second figures: [im]Axw xr Wcir Mn -IHy, “Revered with Osiris (Jones 2000: 19–20, no. 89), Menihy.” The name of the deceased is written horizontally above his head; the first hieroglyph is damaged: [M]n -IHy, “Menihy”. Afigure on asmaller scale reaching to the knee of the deceased is striding towards him, carrying agoose. The man is wearing aknee ‑long kilt and ashoulder ‑length wig. The elongated left arm extended towards the figure of his father is holding the bird’shead while the right hand is clutching the lower region of the fowl below the wings. An inscription in acolumn above his head reads: zA.f #A -Tnnt, “His son Khatjenenet (The tjenenet is measured?)”. Such personal name is unattested so far (for an analogy, see Scheele–Schweitzer 2014: 583 [2652]). 3. The third figure is depicted in almost the same way as the previous two, but elaborated details such as the rendering of the beads in the broad collar and the pleating of the kilt are missing. The first sign of his name above his head is partly damaged: [M]n -IHy, “Menihy”. The column separating the second and the third figures bears an inscription: imAxw imy -rA izwt Mn -IHy, “Revered one, overseer of crews/gangs (Jones 2000: 69–70, no. 313), Menihy”. This title refers to the organization of labour. As ageneral rule, its holders were depicted as boat crew members, often on the top of the boat holding sail ropes, for example in Mereru‑ ka’smastaba (Kanawatietal. 2011: Pl. 87d) and in the mastaba of the brothers Nyankhkhnum and Khnumhetep (Moussa– Altenmüller 1977: Abb. 9, 10). Asmall figure is approaching the deceased carrying aleg of beef. The man is wearing aknee‑ ‑long kilt. No wig is depicted. The elongated right hand extended towards the deceased holds the upper part of the beef leg, while the left hand grasps its lower part. An inscription in acolumn above his head reads: zA.f Nfr -Tnnt, “His son Nefertjenenet (The tjenenet is beautiful/perfect/good)” (Gourdon 2007: [392] 4; Scheele–Schweitzer 2014: 737 [3726] *nn.t -nfr(.tj); not listed in Ranke). 4. The fourth tableau in the sequence on the lintel occupies more space than the previous ones; behind Menihy and his son, it also depicts the deceased’swife and daughter. The depiction of the deceased himself is identical to the third portrayal. He is wearing aknee ‑long kilt with aprotruding tip, ashort wig, abroad collar and abracelet on the right hand. The elaborated details of the broad collar and the kilt are again omitted. The name of the deceased is inscribed above his head: Mn -IHy, “Menihy”. The column between the third and the fourth images bears an inscription: imAxw xr Inpw tpy Dw.f Mn -IHy, “Revered with Anup, the One upon his hill (Jones 2000: 16, no. 72), Menihy”. Awoman standing behind Menihy is wearing along close ‑fitting dress, along wig and abroad collar. Her right ear is sticking out of the wig. Based on the natural sexual dimorphism, she is depicted alittle smaller than her husband, embracing him with the left hand around his shoulders, the palm resting on his left shoulder, while her right hand holds his left arm in the area of the elbow. Ahorizontal inscription above her head reads: Hmt.f mrt.f Nfrt, “His beloved wife Neferet” (Ranke 1935: 201, no. 10; Scheele–Schweitzer 2014: 489–490 [2035]; Gourdon 2007: [392] 1 Nfr.t(j)). 49VERONIKA DULÍKOVÁ Asmall figure approaching the deceased performs an incense offering with adouble ‑bell censer in front of him. The man is wearing aknee ‑long kilt. No wig is engraved. The exag‑ gerated right hand raises the top of the censer, while his left hand holds the lower part of the vessel. An inscription in acolumn above his head reads: zA.f cmcw £nm -Tnnt, “His eldest son Khnumtjenenet” (previously unattested). There are two possible ways of translation. Taking into consideration that Xnm can be averb meaning “to join, to unite with”, the translation of the name is “He who joins the tjenenet”. If the sign Xnm represents the god, apossible trans‑ lation would be “Khnum is the tjenenet”. Asmall female figure holding her father’sknee is standing behind him. She is wearing along close ‑fitting dress and aponytail. She is embracing her father’scalf with her left hand, while the right hand hanging along her body is holding the wings of afowl. Avertical inscrip‑ tion above her reads: zAt.f N(y)-cy -Tnn(t), “His daughter N(y)sytjenen(et) (She who belongs to the tjenen(et))” (previously unattested, cf. Scheele–Schweitzer 2014: 62–63 for such nisba mor‑ phology in personal names and Scheele–Schweitzer 2014: [1649]–[1657] for the ny -cy ‑NN names). ANALOGIES TO THE LINTEL AND ITS ORIGINAL PLACEMENT The decoration on Menihy’slintel with the four segments depicting the tomb owner without avertical upper line containing an offering formula is similar to that of Qar Junior from Abusir South (Bártaetal. 2009: 176, fig. 6.3.1), Khnumhetep from South Saqqara (Jéquier 1940: 38, Fig. 25), Nypepy from North Saqqara (Kuraskiewicz 2013: Pl. LXXV) and Impy from South Saqqara (Legros 2019: 165, Fig. 14). Another lintel with four representations of the deceased was discovered in the form of loose blocks broken into fragments during the excavation of the burial places of Vizier Qar’ssons and the adjacent area. It depicts cmr pr, “companion of the house” (Jones 2000: 896, no. 3287) Iri Irenakhty (Dulíková 2012: 10). All the above ‑mentioned finds are dated to the Sixth Dynasty. Based on analogies, the lintel was probably originally placed over Menihy’sfalse door (Kuraskiewicz 2013: Pls. LXXIV and LXXV) or above the entrance to his chapel (Bártaetal. 2009: 156, fig. 6.2.4, 176). PROSOPOGRAPHY OF MENIHY’SFAMILY The personal name Mn -IHy is attested exclusively from the late Fifth Dynasty and the Sixth Dynasty. Aman named Menihy is depicted twice as an offering bearer labelled with the title zS mDAt -nTr pr -aA, “scribe of the god’s/divine books/writing of the Great House” (Jones 2000: 858, no. 3134) in the wall decoration of the mastaba of Ptahshepses and Sabu Ibebi in North Saqqara, early Sixth Dynasty, the reign of Teti (Nos. 37–38 = E 1–2; Mariette 1889: 378; Borchardt 1937: 95, no. 1418, Bl. 21; Murray 1905: Pls. 30 and 31). Another individual of the name Menihy occurs with the title imy -rA cSr, “overseer of cloth/linen/clothing distribution” (Jones 2000: 234–235, no. 864), in the North Saqqara mastaba of Mehu, who performed the vizieral function under Pepy I(Altenmüller 1998: 47, no. 40, pl. 8). Acertain Menihy appears as an offering bearer with the title Hm -kA in the tomb of Khnumenti (G 2374), who held the vizier’soffice in the reign of Unas and the early reign of Teti (Brovarski 2001: fig. 84a; Strudwick 1985: 128 [113]). The last evidence of the personal name comes from aletter found in the palace of governors in Balat in 50 PRAGUE EGYPTOLOGICAL STUDIES XXVII/2021 the Dakhla Oasis; in it, acertain Menihy with the title Smcw, “retainer, follower” (Jones 2000: 991, no. 3665) is attested (Pantalacci 1998: 309, letter no. 3689‑9). The female name Nfrt appeared rather frequently in the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties at many sites throughout Egypt; listing its occurrences is unnecessary with regard to the purpose of the present contribution (cf. Scheele–Schweitzer 2014: 489–490 [2035]). The personal name Inti was popular with both men and women in the Old Kingdom. An increased occurrence of this male name clearly defined in both time (Sixth Dynasty) and space (Abusir South) is worth noticing. At least seven other individuals bearing the name Inti are attested in and around the tomb complex of Vizier Qar and his sons (see tab.1). They include atomb owner, r Nxn (n) zAb, “speaker of Nekhen of the king” (Jones 2000: 808, no. 2953; see Bárta 2013 for the recent article about this title), Inti (AS 22), the son of Vizier Qar, three offering bearers depicted in the relief decoration of the tombs of Qar Junior and Senedjemib (AS17 and AS 18, respectively), the sons of Vizier Qar (Bártaetal. 2009: 150, 184–185, 196–198, figs. 6.3.9, 6.3.20), owners of false doors and offering tables and their family members found in the debris during the excavation of the above ‑mentioned area. These monuments, origi‑ nally placed in modest cult places within subsidiary burial places, were destroyed already in no. name provenance tomb code source type find number dynasty king title(s) bibliographical reference note 1Inti mastaba of Inti AS 22 false door  late 6 Pepy I – Pepy II r Nxn (n) zAb, wDa-mdw m Hwt-wrt 6, imy-xt Hm(w)-nTr +d-cwt-&ti, xnty-S +d-cwt-&ti Bárta – Vachala et al., forthcoming nos. 1 and 2 are the same person 2Inti mastaba of Qar AS 16 wall decoration  late 5 – early 6 Unis – Teti imy-xt Hm(w)-nTr +d-cwt-&ti, xnty-S +d-cwt-&ti, cmcw h(A)yt (n) zAb, zA.f mry.f Bárta et al. 2009: passim nos. 1 and 2 are the same person 3Inti Ppy-anx(.w) mastaba of Inti, shaft A AS 22 copper vessel  late 6 Pepy I – Pepy II zS a(w) (nw) ncwt xft-Hr, cHD zS(w) a(w) (nw) ncwt xft-Hr Bárta – Vachala et al., forthcoming  4Inti tomb of Qar Junior, burial chamber B, loose block AS 17 false door of Rudj Inti 40/HH/2000 late 6  cmcw ip(A)t ?, cn-D(t).f Dulíková 2012: 11 nos. 4 and 5 are the same person 5Inti mastaba of Inti, loose block AS 22 altar 71/JJ/2000a late 6 or later cmcw ip(A)t ?, cmcw ip(A)t pr-aA ? unpublished nos. 4 and 5 are the same person 6RwD Inti tomb of Qar Junior, burial chamber B, loose block AS 17 false door 40/HH/2000 late 6 or later imy-rA pr, imy-rA cSr, cHD Hm(w)-kA Dulíková 2012: 11 no. 6 is probably identical with no. 10 7Inti mastaba of Neferherptah, fill of Shaft 1 AS 65 false door of Idjedji 47/AS65/2010 late 6 or later zA.f mry.f Dulíková et al. 2011: 13, fig. 6  8Inti (1) tomb of Qar Junior AS 17 wall decoration  late 6 Pepy I – Pepy II ... cmcw Bárta et al. 2009: 150, 184, 185, fig. 6.3.9  9Inti (2) tomb of Senedjemib AS 18 wall decoration  late 6 Pepy I – Pepy II imy-rA pr Bárta et al. 2009: 150, 196, 197, fig. 6.3.20  10 Inti (3) tomb of Senedjemib AS 18 wall decoration  late 6 Pepy I – Pepy II imy-rA cSr, cHD Hm(w)-kA Bárta et al. 2009: 150, 196, 198, fig. 6.3.20 no. 6 is probably identical with no. 10 11 Inti tomb AS 79, loose block AS 79 lintel with Menihy’s family late 6 or later zA.f previously unpublished  Tab.1 List of Sixth Dynasty holders of the name Inti attested at Abusir South 51VERONIKA DULÍKOVÁ no. name provenance tomb code source type find number dynasty king title(s) bibliographical reference note 1Inti mastaba of Inti AS 22 false door  late 6 Pepy I – Pepy II r Nxn (n) zAb, wDa-mdw m Hwt-wrt 6, imy-xt Hm(w)-nTr +d-cwt-&ti, xnty-S +d-cwt-&ti Bárta – Vachala et al., forthcoming nos. 1 and 2 are the same person 2Inti mastaba of Qar AS 16 wall decoration  late 5 – early 6 Unis – Teti imy-xt Hm(w)-nTr +d-cwt-&ti, xnty-S +d-cwt-&ti, cmcw h(A)yt (n) zAb, zA.f mry.f Bárta et al. 2009: passim nos. 1 and 2 are the same person 3Inti Ppy-anx(.w) mastaba of Inti, shaft A AS 22 copper vessel  late 6 Pepy I – Pepy II zS a(w) (nw) ncwt xft-Hr, cHD zS(w) a(w) (nw) ncwt xft-Hr Bárta – Vachala et al., forthcoming  4Inti tomb of Qar Junior, burial chamber B, loose block AS 17 false door of Rudj Inti 40/HH/2000 late 6  cmcw ip(A)t ?, cn-D(t).f Dulíková 2012: 11 nos. 4 and 5 are the same person 5Inti mastaba of Inti, loose block AS 22 altar 71/JJ/2000a late 6 or later cmcw ip(A)t ?, cmcw ip(A)t pr-aA ? unpublished nos. 4 and 5 are the same person 6RwD Inti tomb of Qar Junior, burial chamber B, loose block AS 17 false door 40/HH/2000 late 6 or later imy-rA pr, imy-rA cSr, cHD Hm(w)-kA Dulíková 2012: 11 no. 6 is probably identical with no. 10 7Inti mastaba of Neferherptah, fill of Shaft 1 AS 65 false door of Idjedji 47/AS65/2010 late 6 or later zA.f mry.f Dulíková et al. 2011: 13, fig. 6  8Inti (1) tomb of Qar Junior AS 17 wall decoration  late 6 Pepy I – Pepy II ... cmcw Bárta et al. 2009: 150, 184, 185, fig. 6.3.9  9Inti (2) tomb of Senedjemib AS 18 wall decoration  late 6 Pepy I – Pepy II imy-rA pr Bárta et al. 2009: 150, 196, 197, fig. 6.3.20  10 Inti (3) tomb of Senedjemib AS 18 wall decoration  late 6 Pepy I – Pepy II imy-rA cSr, cHD Hm(w)-kA Bárta et al. 2009: 150, 196, 198, fig. 6.3.20 no. 6 is probably identical with no. 10 11 Inti tomb AS 79, loose block AS 79 lintel with Menihy’s family late 6 or later zA.f previously unpublished  antiquity. The multiple occurrences of the name in the cluster of tombs leads to the question of whether these men were named in honour of an important person. It seems that the judi‑ cial official Inti (AS 22) might have been such an authority. Taking the unexcavated area to the south, west and north of the tomb complex of the family of Vizier Qar into consideration, however, other Intis may still lie hidden in the sand. The names of Menihy’schildren remaining are compound words including the tjenenet element. While the names Khnumtjenenet, Khatjenenet and N(y)sytjenen(et) are unattested as yet, the name Nefertjenenet is attested in the Memphite region. Acertain Nefertjenenet is depicted as the first offering bearer with the title iry mDAt (n) zAb, “judicial book keeper” (Jones 2000: 805–806, no. 2944) in the second register in the eastern doorway of the tomb of the judicial official Inti (AS 22; fig. 2). Another Nefertjenenet is labelled with the title Hm -kA in ascene with antelopes in the mastaba of the brothers Nyankhkhnum and Khnumhotep at Saqqara (Moussa– Altenmüller 1977: 34 [no. 40], 40, 83, 84, 161, 162, Taf. 82, Sz. 35.2). With regard to the rare occurrence of this name, it is possible that Menihy’sson and the offering bearer in Inti’smastaba were the same person. If this was the case, Nefertjenenet was the contemporary of Inti, who performed judicial functions in the Sixth Dynasty (Pepy I– Pepy II). 52 PRAGUE EGYPTOLOGICAL STUDIES XXVII/2021 0 50 cm 050 cm Fig. 2 A certain Nefertjenenet depicted as the first offering bearer in the second register, the tomb of Inti at Abusir South (drawing J. Malátková) 53VERONIKA DULÍKOVÁ Names including the element tjenenet are rather frequent in the Memphite necropoleis, especially in the Abusir and North Saqqara region, during the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties. Several individuals with compound names including tjenenet are attested from the vicinity of the place where the lintel under scrutiny was found. For example, cmcw h(A)yt (n) zAb, “elder of the audience hall” (Jones 2000: 813, no. 2974), Ankhemtjenenet is depicted in the mastaba of his father, Inti (AS 22, late Sixth Dynasty; Bárta– Vachalaetal., forthcoming). Acertain Kaiemtjenenet occurs in the inscription on an altar placed in the tomb of Qar Junior (AS 17, late Sixth Dynasty; Bártaetal. 2009: 132, 133, figs. 5.4.34 and 5.4.35). The owner of anearby mastaba was imy zA, “phyle ‑member” (Jones 2000: 298–299, no. 1091), Kaiemtjenenet (AC 38, mid ‑Fifth Dynasty; Vymazalováetal. 2011: 55, fig. 5.1), while zS, “scribe” (Jones 2000: 834, no. 3040), Kaiemtjenenet was the son of Sankhuptah, who built his tomb near the Abusir Lake (late Fifth or Sixth Dynasty; Bárta 2019). THE TJENENET SANCTUARY IN VIEW OF OLD KINGDOM SOURCES The first written evidence for the tjenenet sanctuary comes from the mastaba of Vizier Akhet‑ hotep Hemi dated to the late Fifth Dynasty.3 Within aprocession of Hm -nTr ‑priests bringing offerings, tA wab n Tnnt, “pure bread of the tjenenet”, is recorded next to two offering bearers who follow three others bringing pure bread from the house of Ptah (Hassan 1975: 19, Fig. 4). The word tjenenet does not include adeterminative. Another scene shows Hm -nTr ‑priests carrying offerings labelled tA wab p[w] Inpw, “pure bread of Anubis”, and tA wab n @ry -S.f, “pure bread of Heryshef” (Hassan 1975: 20, Fig. 5). Taking into account partly preserved wall decoration related to procession Hm -nTr ‑priests, it is obvious that the deceased vizier’sfunerary cult was supplied by an unspecified number of sanctuaries in the necropolis. The mastaba is situated in the Unas cemetery at North Saqqara. The second mention of the tjenenet sanctuary… m Tnnt n… “… in the tjenenet sanctuary…”, occurs within afragmentarily preserved biographical inscription in the entrance to the mastaba of the judicial official Inti at Abusir, who lived under Pepy Iand Pepy II (AS 22, Vachala 2006: 381–382). The expression includes the determinative of asche‑ matic house plan (Gardiner’ssign list O1). Inti also incorporated the tjenenet sanctuary into one of his epithets of funerary character. The epithet is recorded on astela located in the substructure of the tomb, in front of the east wall of his limestone sarcophagus in his burial chamber: imAxw xr nb Tnnt, “revered with the lord of the tjenenet”, followed by xr (PtH) rsy -inb.f “revered with (Ptah) South ‑of ‑his ‑Wall” (Bárta– Vachalaetal., forthcoming). In the tomb of Vizier Qar, the goddess Tjenenet is mentioned in apartly preserved inscription, including the determinative for the seated goddess:… m imAxw xr nTrw *nnt m cwt.c nbt, “… to the revered with the gods (and) Tjenenet in all her places” (Bártaetal. 2009: 131–132). The tjenenet sanctuary was also reflected in theophoric personal names during the Old Kingdom: anx -m-Tnnt, “He who lives in the tjenenet” (Scheele–Schweitzer 2014: 297 [701]) 3 The mastaba was reused by Vizier Nebkauhor Idu during the reign of Pepy II or later. Consequently, the name of Akhethotep Hemi was erased and replaced with the name of new tomb owner (Hassan 1975: 20).