Strong Constraints on Jet Quenching in Centrality-Dependent p+Pb Collisions at 5.02 TeV from ATLAS

Strong Constraints on Jet Quenching in Centrality-Dependent p+Pb Collisions at 5.02 TeV from ATLAS G. Aad et al.* (ATLAS Collaboration) (Received 3 June 2022; revised 4 October 2022; accepted 17 November 2022; published 16 August 2023) Jet quenching is the process of color-charged partons losing energy via interactions with quark-gluon plasma droplets created in heavy-ion collisions. The collective expansion of such droplets is well described by viscous hydrodynamics. Similar evidence of collectivity is consistently observed in smaller collision systems, including pp and pþPb collisions. In contrast, while jet quenching is observed in Pb þPb collisions, no evidence has been found in these small systems to date, raising fundamental questions about the nature of the system created in these collisions. The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider has measured the yield of charged hadrons correlated with reconstructed jets in 0.36 nb−1of pþPb and 3.6pb−1of pp collisions at 5.02 TeV. The yields of charged hadrons with pch T>0.5GeV near and opposite in azimuth to jets with pjet T>30 or 60 GeV, and the ratios of these yields between pþPb and pp collisions, IpPb, are reported. The collision centrality of pþPb events is categorized by the energy deposited by forward neutrons from the struck nucleus. The IpPb values are consistent with unity within a few percent for hadrons with pch T>4GeV at all centralities. These data provide new, strong constraints that preclude almost any parton energy loss in central pþPb collisions. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.072301 Over two decades of measurements of relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have established that a quark-gluon plasma is formed in these collisions and undergoes a collective expansion described by viscous hydrodynamics [1]. High-momentum colored probes, such as quarks and gluons, lose some of their energy as they traverse the plasma and produce a highly modified hadron fragmentation pattern, a process referred to as “jet quenching”[2–4]. On the other hand, colorless photons and Zbosons pass through unscathed [5–10]. Over the past decade, measurements in smaller collision systems, such as pp and pþPb at the LHC and pþAu, dþAu, and 3He þAu at RHIC display similar experimental evidence of collectivity [11,12]. These observations have prompted theoretical discussion as to whether jet quenching should be present in these small systems as well [13–19]. However, measurements of jet [20,21] and hadron [22–24] production rates at high transverse momentum (pT)[25] and measurements of jetto-hadron fragmentation functions [26] in minimum-bias pþPb collisions show no indication of jet quenching, relative to pp, in these small systems [27]. Experiments have also examined the subset of pþPb collisions where the proton undergoes many interactions in the Pb nucleus (i.e., a large number of proton-nucleon collisions hNcolli) and which typically have larger-thanaverage particle multiplicities. These so-called “central” events may produce a larger and longer-lived quark-gluon plasma that would induce a bigger jet quenching effect. Measurements that characterize the centrality of events according to the charged-particle multiplicity or energy at midrapidity have found significant deviations of high-pT charged-hadron production rates from the pp expectation [28]. However, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using the HIJING [29] generator, and other models of small collision systems [30], indicate that most of this behavior is the result of physics correlations between the charged-particle multiplicity and the probability to produce a high-pTjet or hadron in individual proton-nucleon collisions [28,31].In addition, in extreme kinematic regions, such as those with large Bjorken x, the production of high-pTjets or hadrons becomes anticorrelated with the centrality signal [20,32], which may arise from the decreasing interaction strength of protons in these configurations [33,34] or from other effects [35,36]. Model-dependent corrections for the effect of these correlations can be derived [30,37], but they have strongly limited the precision of searches for jet quenching phenomena in central pþPb events. A measurement of the yield of charged hadrons (8<p T<15 GeV) correlated *Full author list given at the end of the Letter. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 131, 072301 (2023) 0031-9007=23=131(7)=072301(21) 072301-1 © 2023 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration with the highest pTcharged hadron indicate no nuclear modification within uncertainties [38]. An alternative method, which does not exhibit the physics biases described above, is to select pþPb events by counting the number of spectator neutrons produced by the disintegrating Pb nucleus that strike a zero-degree calorimeter (ZDC), where central events yield more neutrons on average. However, estimating hNcolliin the resulting event categories is challenging due to limited understanding of how spectator nucleons are distributed in terms of single neutrons, protons, and larger charged fragments (only the first of which strike the ZDC). Nevertheless, the ALICE Collaboration has used this method and found that rates of charged [28] and heavyflavor [39] hadrons in central pþPb collisions are unmodified in comparison with those derived from pp interactions, albeit within significant modeling uncertainties. To avoid the reliance on hNcolli, jet quenching in these events may instead be searched for by examining jethadron kinematic correlations or the internal structure of jets. A measurement of hadron-triggered jet yields in ZDCselected central pþPb events has placed limits on the total amount of energy transported across the boundary of an R¼0.4jet cone [40], which is one possible signature. The measurement presented here can additionally constrain the parton energy loss, even in the case where the jet shape remains unmodified. This Letter presents a measurement of the chargedhadron yield in events with jets in the ATLAS calorimeters satisfying two different selections (pjet T>30 GeV or pjet T>60 GeV) in pþPb and pp collisions at a 5.02 TeV nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy. The pþ Pb and pp data were recorded in 2016 and 2017, respectively, with triggers sampling integrated luminosities of 0.36 nb−1and 3.6pb−1.InpþPb running, the proton and lead beams had per-nucleon energies of 4TeV and ðZ=AÞ×4TeV ≈1.58 TeV, respectively, leading to a rapidity shift of the center-of-mass frame, Δycom ¼0.465, from the laboratory frame (while ycom ¼ 0in pp running). Charged hadrons are required to have pch T>0.5GeV and lie within jη−ycomj<2.035, and their yields are measured in two azimuthal regions with respect to the jet: the “away-side”region Δϕch;jet ¼jϕch −ϕjetj> 7π=8and the “near-side”region Δϕch;jet <π=8. The total yield in each region, Yðpch TÞ, is normalized by the number of jets and reported in pp events and in pþPb events for different ZDC energy selections. To quantify any modification that would result from the partons’propagation through a created quark-gluon plasma, the ratio of the perjet charged-particle yields between pþPb and pp collisions, IpPb ¼YpPb=Ypp, is reported and compared with predictions from theoretical calculations. Importantly, this observable does not depend on a quantitative estimate of hNcolli. The ATLAS experiment [41] is a multipurpose particle detector with a forward-backward symmetric cylindrical geometry and a near 4πcoverage in solid angle. It consists of an inner tracking detector surrounded by a superconducting solenoid providing a 2 T axial magnetic field, electromagnetic and hadron calorimeters, and a muon spectrometer. The inner tracking detector covers the pseudorapidity range jηj<2.5. It consists of silicon pixel, silicon microstrip, and transition radiation tracking detectors. Lead plus liquid-argon sampling calorimeters provide electromagnetic (EM) energy measurements with high granularity. A steel or scintillator-tile hadron calorimeter covers the central pseudorapidity range (jηj<1.7). Liquidargon calorimeters with separate EM and hadronic compartments instrument the end cap (up to jηj¼3.2) and forward (FCal, up to jηj¼4.9) regions. Two ZDCs are each composed of four longitudinal layers of tungsten absorbers and quartz rods. They are situated in the far forward region jηj>8.3and, in pþPb events, the downstream ZDC, relative to the Pb beam direction, primarily measures spectator neutrons from the struck Pb nucleus. An extensive software suite [42] is used in the reconstruction and analysis of real and simulated data, in detector operations, and in the trigger and data acquisition systems of the experiment. Events are selected for analysis using a combination of minimum-bias and calorimeter jet triggers [43], which are used for the measurements with pjet T>30 GeV and >60 GeV, respectively. Both the pp and pþPb events are required to have a primary reconstructed vertex with zcoordinate jzj<150 mm [44]. The pp and pþPb data were recorded at low collision rates, and an additional requirement that events have only one reconstructed interaction vertex further reduces pileup. In the pp (pþPb) data, this requirement accepts approximately 40% (99%) of triggered events. The centrality of pþPb events is characterized using the total energy in the Pb-going side of the ZDC, EZN. The ZDC energy is calibrated by matching the singleand double-neutron peaks to their known beam energies (1.58 TeV and 3.15 TeV) [45]. The resulting energy distribution is shown in Fig. 1, with more central (lower centrality) events at high EZN. Using a ZDC with similar acceptance, the ALICE Collaboration has used multiple bootstrapping methods to estimate that the hNcollivalues in these events range from approximately 13.6 (11%) in 0%–20% centrality pþPb events to 1.2 (24%)in 80%–100% events [28], which are likely to be similar in ATLAS. These values and uncertainties are not explicitly used in the measurement in this Letter but may be useful for modeling comparisons. Jets are reconstructed from calorimeter energy deposits as described in Ref. [46], using the anti-ktalgorithm [47,48] with radius parameter R¼0.4. The jet kinematics are corrected event by event for the contribution from PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 131, 072301 (2023) 072301-2 underlying event (UE) particles, and are calibrated using simulations [42,49,50] of the calorimeter response and in situ measurements of the absolute energy scale in data. The accepted jets lie within jηj<2.8. Reconstructed charged-particle tracks must satisfy quality criteria outlined in Ref. [51]. The charged-particle yield is corrected for imperfect reconstruction and selection efficiency with a per-track weight, and for the small contribution of secondary-particle and fake tracks, with both corrections derived from PYTHIA 8[52] pp and HIJING pþPb MC event samples. The contribution of UE particles to the total yields is estimated by measuring these yields in minimum-bias pþPb or pp events with the same selection requirements and with matched intervals in FCal energy (which is well-correlated with UE activity [53]). The UE contribution is subtracted from the yield measured in jet-containing events. The ratio of signal to UE background is approximately 0.25 (1) for pch T¼0.5GeV rising quickly to 3 (30) for pch T¼4GeV, in central pþPb (pp) events. Finally, the finite resolution of the pjet Tand pch T measurements affects the measured yields. This effect is typically smaller than 10% and is similar in pþPb and pp events. It is corrected for via an iterative Bayesian unfolding procedure [54] applied to the two-dimensional ðpjet T;p ch TÞdistributions derived from PYTHIA 8pp MC events and minimum-bias pþPb data events overlaid with PYTHIA 8pp events. The dominant sources of systematic uncertainty in the measurement are those affecting the measurement of the jet kinematics,thecharged-particleselection,and the unfolding correction. The jet-related uncertainties are derived from in situ studies of the calorimeter response [49] and their application to the jets used in heavy-ion data [50] (where they accommodate large jet quenching effects), and from comparisons of the simulated response in samples from different generators. They typically dominate at high pch T. Several sources of tracking-related uncertainty are considered, such as the uncertainty in the absolute efficiency and the sensitivity to selection cuts. They are described in previous measurements of charged-particle fragmentation functions [26,55] and typically dominate at low pch T. The uncertainty in the unfolding correction is evaluated by considering different priors and by performing the analysis procedure, including the UE subtraction, in simulation to evaluate how accurately the generator-level distributions are recovered. This uncertainty is significant at all pch T. Many of these uncertainties, such as the jetrelated ones, have a quantitatively similar impact on the yields in the pþPb and pp data and largely cancel out in the IpPb ratio. Figure 2(top row) shows IpPb for charged particles on the away side of jets with pjet T>60 GeV. In the region pch T>1GeV, the IpPb values in all centrality selections are consistent with unity within the uncertainties. At the lowest measured pch Tvalues, the IpPb value decreases by about 10%, albeit with growing uncertainties. In a leading-order parton-parton scattering picture, the away-side hadrons arise from the fragmentation of pT≈60 GeV partons azimuthally opposite to the parton producing the jet. A jet quenching effect in pþPb should lead to IpPb values below unity. As such, these results strongly constrain any possible modification of parton fragmentation in the region z¼pch T=pjet T≈0.05–1.0, within uncertainties that decrease to 2%–4% at high z, with respect to that in pp collisions. Figure 2(bottom row) shows the IpPb ratios for charged particles on the near side of jets with pjet T>60 GeV. In the region pch T>4GeV, there is a centrality-independent enhancement of approximately 5%. Similar to that observed on the away side, there is a characteristic suppression in the region pch T<1GeV. Additionally, the IpPb value shows a modest systematic enhancement in the region 1<p ch T<4GeV. It is notable that the pattern from 0.5 to 4 GeVis consistent between the away and near sides, and also with the nuclear modification factor (ratio of total yields between pþPb and hNcolli-scaled pp) for inclusive charged hadrons [56]. The latter is often interpreted in terms of initial-state parton scattering in the nuclear target, also known as the “Cronin effect”[57]. In heavy-ion collisions, the “soft”particle production regime can be described via hydrodynamics and it is known that the radial flow of the quark-gluon plasma may play a role in this pch T region. The measurement in this Letter suggests that lowpTparticles that arise from jet fragmentation also exhibit a similar pattern. 1 10 2 10 [TeV] ZN E 3 10 2 10 1 10 ] -1 [TeV ZN E / dN(1 / N) d 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% ATLAS -1 bP = 5.02 TeV, 25 NN s+Pb,p FIG. 1. Distribution of energy measured in the Pb-going side of the zero-degree calorimeter (EZN)inpþPb collisions at 5.02 TeV selected with a minimum-bias trigger. Dashed vertical lines indicate the percentile boundaries between the 0%–10%, 10%–20%, etc., centrality intervals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 131, 072301 (2023) 072301-3 [GeV] ch T p Pbp I 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 20 30 60 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 ZDC 0-20% /8S > 7 ch,jet I ' ATLAS > 60 GeV jet T p [GeV] ch T p 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 20 30 60 ZDC 40-60% /8S > 7 ch,jet I ' -1 , 3.6 pbpp = 5.02 TeVs [GeV] ch T p 1 2 3 4 56 10 20 30 60 ZDC 80-100% /8S > 7 ch,jet I ' -1 +Pb, 0.36 nbp = 5.02 TeV NN s [GeV] ch T p Pbp I 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 20 30 60 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 ZDC 0-20% /8S < ch,jet I ' ATLAS > 60 GeV jet T p [GeV] ch T p 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 20 30 60 ZDC 40-60% /8S < ch,jet I ' -1 , 3.6 pbpp = 5.02 TeVs [GeV] ch T p 1 2 3 4 56 10 20 30 60 ZDC 80-100% /8S < ch,jet I ' -1 +Pb, 0.36 nbp = 5.02 TeV NN s FIG. 2. The ratio of per-jet charged-particle yields between pþPb and pp collisions, IpPb, for hadrons opposite (Δϕch;jet >7π=8, top row) and near (Δϕch;jet <π=8, bottom row) a jet with pjet T>60 GeV. Results are shown for different ZDC-selected pþPb centralities in each column. Statistical uncertainties are shown as vertical lines and systematic uncertainties as filled boxes. 4 5 6 7 10 20 30 40 [GeV] ch T p 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Pbp I ATLAS = 5.02 TeVs,pp = 5.02 TeV NN s+Pb 0-20%, p /8S < ch,jet I ' > 60 GeV jet T p, EPPS16 (NLO), ANGANTYR > 30 GeV jet T p, EPPS16 (NLO), ANGANTYR > 60 GeV jet T p, no nPDF, ANGANTYR 4 5 6 7 8 10 20 30 40 [GeV] ch T p /8S > 7 ch,jet I ' -1 - 3.6 pb -1 , 2.7 nbpp -1 +Pb 0-20%, 0.025 - 0.36 nbp > 60 GeV jet T pData, > 30 GeV jet T pData, 1.4% Parton Energy Loss (90% CL) FIG. 3. The ratio of per-jet charged-particle yields, IpPb, on the near side (left) and away side (right) between pþPb and pp are plotted for the 0%–20% pþPb ZDC-selected centralities. Particles correlated with a jet above 30 GeV and 60 GeV are shown. Statistical uncertainties are shown as vertical lines and systematic uncertainties as filled boxes. Also shown are calculations from the ANGANTYR generator [58] with two treatments of nuclear-modified parton distribution functions (nPDFs): EPPS16 [59] at next-toleading order and no nPDF modification, and with a PYTHIA 8-based model for parton energy loss with vacuum fragmentation (see text). ANGANTYR results are only shown for pch T>4.5GeV where no UE subtraction is necessary. The colored bands represent statistical uncertainties only. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 131, 072301 (2023) 072301-4 The same measurements were also performed for jets with pjet T>30 GeV, which are sensitive to quenching effects on lower-pTpartons. These are shown in Fig. 3, focusing on pch T>4GeV and 0%–20% centrality ZDCselected events to emphasize the region of potential jet quenching. Within the larger uncertainties, which arise from the larger relative UE background, poorer jet energy resolution, and smaller sampled luminosity, they are compatible with the pjet T>60 GeV results. Since the near-side IpPb is similar to a modified jet fragmentation function, it can be compared with the previous measurement in pþPb collisions by ATLAS [26]. For jets in a similar pjet Trange, the pþPb-to-pp ratios of fragmentation functions in Ref. [26] are compatible with the results in this Letter, although with larger uncertainties due to the different datasets used. In Fig. 3, the IpPb measurements are also compared with calculations from the heavy-ion MC generator ANGANTYR [58] run in pþPb mode. ANGANTYR is based on PYTHIA 8 and has no final-state effects producing collectivity or jet quenching—noting that this is run with so-called “string shoving”turned off [60]. ANGANTYR shows a near-side enhancement similar to that in data, and studies with varied generator settings indicate that this does not arise from either the nuclear modification of parton densities or the isospin composition difference between Pb nuclei and protons. On the away side, the generator features a small enhancement, but is also compatible with the data within its uncertainties. The data are compared to a parton energy loss scenario, modeled using PYTHIA 8, where the parton opposite a pT> 60 GeV jet loses a percentage of its energy before undergoing vacuumlike fragmentation into pT>4GeV charged hadrons. Considering both statistical and systematic data uncertainties, the parton energy loss is constrained to be 0.2% 0.5% and less than 1.4% at the 90% confidence level (shown in the right panel of Fig. 3). Despite experimental observations consistent with collectivity in pþPb collisions [11], these data severely constrain the amount of jet quenching in central pþPb collisions. It has been proposed that soft (low-momentum) quarks and gluons are only formed on a timescale of 1fm=c, and thus the high-pTpartons may undergo their virtuality evolution and showering unscathed and fragment in vacuum if the quark-gluon plasma is small, i.e., with radius <1–2fm [61]. A quantitative calculation incorporating this virtuality evolution is necessary to confront the IpPb measurements presented here. In conclusion, this Letter reports a measurement of charged-hadron yields in the azimuthal directions away from and near to jets in pþPb collisions, compared with those in pp collisions, using data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Central pþPb collisions, where the effects of a quark-gluon plasma are expected to be largest, are selected in an unbiased way by detecting forward spectator neutrons. The per-jet yields on the near side indicate a modest, of order 5%, enhancement for pch T>4GeV that is well described by the MC generator ANGANTYR . The per-jet yields on the away side are consistent with unity for all pch T>1GeV, with uncertainties that are particularly small for pch T>4GeV. These data serve as a sensitive probe of jet quenching effects and place strong limits on the degree to which the propagation and fragmentation of hard-scattered partons is modified in small hadronic collisions. The results in this Letter heighten the challenge to the theoretical understanding of the quarkgluon system produced in pþPb collisions. We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TENMAK, Türkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, USA. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; PRIMUS 21/SCI/017 and UNCE SCI/013, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d’Avenir Labex, Investissements d’Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. 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Di Nardo ,76a,76b C. Diaconu ,101 F. A. Dias ,113 T. Dias Do Vale ,141 M. A. Diaz ,136a,136b F. G. Diaz Capriles ,24 M. Didenko ,161 E. B. Diehl ,105 L. Diehl ,54 S. Díez Cornell ,48 C. Diez Pardos ,140 C. Dimitriadi ,24,159 A. Dimitrievska ,17a W. Ding ,14b J. Dingfelder ,24 I-M. Dinu ,27b S. J. Dittmeier ,63b F. Dittus ,36 F. Djama ,101 T. Djobava ,148b J. I. Djuvsland ,16 D. Dodsworth ,26 C. Doglioni ,100,97 J. Dolejsi ,132 Z. Dolezal ,132 M. Donadelli ,81c B. Dong ,62c J. Donini ,40 A. D’Onofrio ,14c M. D’Onofrio ,91 J. Dopke ,133 A. Doria ,71a M. T. Dova ,89 A. T. Doyle ,59 M. A. Draguet ,125 E. Drechsler ,141 E. Dreyer ,167 I. Drivas-koulouris ,10 A. S. Drobac ,157 D. Du ,62a T. A. du Pree ,113 F. Dubinin ,37 M. Dubovsky ,28a E. Duchovni ,167 G. Duckeck ,108 O. A. Ducu ,36 D. Duda ,109 A. Dudarev ,36 M. D’uffizi ,100 L. Duflot ,66 M. Dührssen ,36 C. Dülsen ,169 A. E. Dumitriu ,27b M. Dunford ,63a S. Dungs ,49 K. Dunne ,47a,47b A. Duperrin ,101 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 131, 072301 (2023) 072301-9 M. E. Vasile ,27b L. Vaslin,40 G. A. Vasquez ,163 F. Vazeille ,40 T. Vazquez Schroeder ,36 J. Veatch ,31 V. Vecchio ,100 M. J. Veen ,113 I. Veliscek ,125 L. M. Veloce ,154 F. Veloso ,129a,129c S. Veneziano ,74a A. Ventura ,69a,69b A. Verbytskyi ,109 M. Verducci ,73a,73b C. Vergis ,24 M. Verissimo De Araujo ,81b W. Verkerke ,113 J. C. Vermeulen ,113 C. Vernieri ,142 P. J. Verschuuren ,94 M. Vessella ,102 M. L. Vesterbacka ,116 M. C. Vetterli ,141,e A. Vgenopoulos ,151 N. Viaux Maira ,136f T. Vickey ,138 O. E. Vickey Boeriu ,138 G. H. A. Viehhauser ,125 L. Vigani ,63b M. Villa ,23b,23a M. Villaplana Perez ,161 E. M. Villhauer,52 E. Vilucchi ,53 M. G. Vincter ,34 G. S. Virdee ,20 A. Vishwakarma ,52 C. Vittori ,23b,23a I. Vivarelli ,145 V. Vladimirov,165 E. Voevodina ,109 F. Vogel ,108 P. Vokac ,131 J. Von Ahnen ,48 E. Von Toerne ,24 B. Vormwald ,36 V. Vorobel ,132 K. Vorobev ,37 M. Vos ,161 J. H. Vossebeld ,91 M. Vozak ,113 L. Vozdecky ,93 N. Vranjes ,15 M. Vranjes Milosavljevic ,15 M. Vreeswijk ,113 R. Vuillermet ,36 O. Vujinovic ,99 I. Vukotic ,39 S. Wada ,156 C. Wagner,102 W. Wagner ,169 S. Wahdan ,169 H. Wahlberg ,89 R. Wakasa ,156 M. Wakida ,110 V. M. Walbrecht ,109 J. Walder ,133 R. Walker ,108 W. Walkowiak ,140 A. M. Wang ,61 A. Z. Wang ,168 C. Wang,62a C. Wang ,62c H. Wang ,17a J. Wang ,64a P. Wang ,44 R.-J. Wang ,99 R. Wang ,61 R. Wang ,6 S. M. Wang ,147 S. Wang ,62b T. Wang ,62a W. T. Wang ,79 W. X. Wang ,62a X. Wang ,14c X. Wang ,160 X. Wang ,62c Y. Wang ,62d Y. Wang ,14c Z. Wang ,105 Z. Wang ,62d,51,62c Z. Wang ,105 A. Warburton ,103 R. J. Ward ,20 N. Warrack ,59 A. T. Watson ,20 M. F. Watson ,20 G. Watts ,137 B. M. Waugh ,95 A. F. Webb ,11 C. Weber ,29 M. S. Weber ,19 S. A. Weber ,34 S. M. Weber ,63a C. Wei,62a Y. Wei ,125 A. R. Weidberg ,125 J. Weingarten ,49 M. Weirich ,99 C. Weiser ,54 C. J. Wells ,48 T. Wenaus ,29 B. Wendland ,49 T. Wengler ,36 N. S. Wenke,109 N. Wermes ,24 M. Wessels ,63a K. Whalen ,122 A. M. Wharton ,90 A. S. White ,61 A. White ,8M. J. White ,1 D. Whiteson ,158 L. Wickremasinghe ,123 W. Wiedenmann ,168 C. Wiel ,50 M. Wielers ,133 N. Wieseotte,99 C. Wiglesworth ,42 L. A. M. Wiik-Fuchs ,54 D. J. Wilbern,119 H. G. Wilkens ,36 D. M. Williams ,41 H. H. Williams,127 S. Williams ,32 S. Willocq ,102 P. J. Windischhofer ,125 F. Winklmeier ,122 B. T. Winter ,54 M. Wittgen,142 M. Wobisch ,96 A. Wolf ,99 R. Wölker ,125 J. Wollrath,158 M. W. Wolter ,85 H. Wolters ,129a,129c V. W. S. Wong ,162 A. F. Wongel ,48 S. D. Worm ,48 B. K. Wosiek ,85 K. W. Woźniak ,85 K. Wraight ,59 J. Wu ,14a,14d M. Wu,64a S. L. Wu ,168 X. Wu ,56 Y. Wu ,62a Z. Wu ,134,62a J. Wuerzinger ,125 T. R. Wyatt ,100 B. M. Wynne ,52 S. Xella ,42 L. Xia ,14c M. Xia,14b J. Xiang ,64c X. Xiao ,105 M. Xie ,62a X. Xie ,62a J. Xiong ,17a I. Xiotidis,145 D. Xu ,14a H. Xu,62a H. Xu ,62a L. Xu ,62a R. Xu ,127 T. Xu ,105 W. Xu ,105 Y. Xu ,14b Z. Xu ,62b Z. Xu ,142 B. Yabsley ,146 S. Yacoob ,33a N. Yamaguchi ,88 Y. Yamaguchi ,153 H. Yamauchi ,156 T. Yamazaki ,17a Y. Yamazaki ,83 J. Yan,62c S. Yan ,125 Z. Yan ,25 H. J. Yang ,62c,62d H. T. Yang ,17a S. Yang ,62a T. Yang ,64c X. Yang ,62a X. Yang ,14a Y. Yang ,44 Z. Yang ,62a,105 W-M. Yao ,17a Y. C. Yap ,48 H. Ye ,14c J. Ye ,44 S. Ye ,29 X. Ye ,62a Y. Yeh ,95 I. Yeletskikh ,38 M. R. Yexley ,90 P. Yin ,41 K. Yorita ,166 C. J. S. Young ,54 C. Young ,142 M. Yuan ,105 R. Yuan ,62b,ff L. Yue ,95 X. Yue ,63a M. Zaazoua ,35e B. Zabinski ,85 E. Zaid,52 T. Zakareishvili ,148b N. Zakharchuk ,34 S. Zambito ,56 J. Zang ,152 D. Zanzi ,54 O. Zaplatilek ,131 S. V. Zeißner ,49 C. Zeitnitz ,169 J. C. Zeng ,160 D. T. Zenger Jr. ,26 O. Zenin ,37 T. Ženiš,28a S. Zenz ,93 S. Zerradi ,35a D. Zerwas ,66 B. Zhang ,14c D. F. Zhang ,138 G. Zhang ,14b J. Zhang ,6K. Zhang ,14a,14d L. Zhang ,14c P. Zhang,14a,14d R. Zhang ,168 S. Zhang,105 T. Zhang ,152 X. Zhang ,62c X. Zhang ,62b Z. Zhang ,17a Z. Zhang ,66 H. Zhao ,137 P. Zhao ,51 T. Zhao ,62b Y. Zhao ,135 Z. Zhao ,62a A. Zhemchugov ,38 Z. Zheng ,142 D. Zhong ,160 B. Zhou,105 C. Zhou ,168 H. Zhou ,7N. Zhou ,62c Y. Zhou,7 C. G. Zhu ,62b C. Zhu ,14a,14d H. L. Zhu ,62a H. Zhu ,14a J. Zhu ,105 Y. Zhu ,62c Y. Zhu ,62a X. Zhuang ,14a K. Zhukov ,37 V. Zhulanov ,37 N. I. Zimine ,38 J. Zinsser ,63b M. Ziolkowski ,140 L. Živković,15 A. Zoccoli ,23b,23a K. Zoch ,56 T. G. Zorbas ,138 O. Zormpa ,46 W. Zou ,41 and L. Zwalinski 36 (ATLAS Collaboration) 1Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 2Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada 3aDepartment of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye 3bDivision of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Türkiye 4LAPP, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy, France 5APC, Universit´e Paris Cit´e, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France 6High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA 7Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 131, 072301 (2023) 072301-16 8Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA 9Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece 10Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece 11Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA 12Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan 13Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain 14aInstitute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 14bPhysics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 14cDepartment of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 14dUniversity of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing, China 15Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 16Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 17aPhysics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA 17bUniversity of California, Berkeley, California, USA 18Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany 19Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 20School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom 21aDepartment of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Türkiye 21bDepartment of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye 21cDepartment of Physics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye 21dIstinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Türkiye 22aFacultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciónes, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia 22bDepartamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia 23aDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia A. Righi, Universit`a di Bologna, Bologna, Italy 23bINFN Sezione di Bologna, Italy 24Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany 25Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 26Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA 27aTransilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania 27bHoria Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania 27cDepartment of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania 27dNational Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 27eUniversity Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania 27fWest University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania 27gFaculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania 28aFaculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 28bDepartment of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic 29Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA 30Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, y CONICET, Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina 31California State University, California, USA 32Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom 33aDepartment of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa 33biThemba Labs, Western Cape, South Africa 33cDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa 33dNational Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman (Philippines), Philippines 33eUniversity of South Africa, Department of Physics, Pretoria, South Africa 33fUniversity of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa 33gSchool of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa 34Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa ON, Canada 35aFacult´e des Sciences Ain Chock, R´eseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies - Universit´e Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco 35bFacult´e des Sciences, Universit´e Ibn-Tofail, K´enitra, Morocco 35cFacult´e des Sciences Semlalia, Universit´e Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech, Morocco 35dLPMR, Facult´e des Sciences, Universit´e Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco 35eFacult´e des sciences, Universit´e Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco 35fInstitute of Applied Physics, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco 36CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 37Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 131, 072301 (2023) 072301-17 38Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN 39Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA 40LPC, Universit´e Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France 41Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, New York, USA 42Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 43aDipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a della Calabria, Rende, Italy 43bINFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy 44Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA 45Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA 46National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, Greece 47aDepartment of Physics, Stockholm University, Sweden 47bOskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden 48Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany 49Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany 50Institut für Kernund Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany 51Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA 52SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 53INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy 54Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany 55II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany 56D´epartement de Physique Nucl´eaire et Corpusculaire, Universit´e de Gen`eve, Gen`eve, Switzerland 57aDipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Genova, Genova, Italy 57bINFN Sezione di Genova, Italy 58II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany 59SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom 60LPSC, Universit´e Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France 61Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 62aDepartment of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China 62bInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Qingdao, China 62cSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE), SKLPPC, Shanghai, China 62dTsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai, China 63aKirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 63bPhysikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 64aDepartment of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China 64bDepartment of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China 64cDepartment of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China 65Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 66IJCLab, Universit´e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405, Orsay, France 67Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA 68aINFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy 68bICTP, Trieste, Italy 68cDipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Universit`a di Udine, Udine, Italy 69aINFN Sezione di Lecce, Italy 69bDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universit`a del Salento, Lecce, Italy 70aINFN Sezione di Milano, Italy 70bDipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Milano, Milano, Italy 71aINFN Sezione di Napoli, Italy 71bDipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Napoli, Napoli, Italy 72aINFN Sezione di Pavia, Italy 72bDipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Pavia, Pavia, Italy 73aINFN Sezione di Pisa, Italy 73bDipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Universit`a di Pisa, Pisa, Italy 74aINFN Sezione di Roma, Italy 74bDipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universit`a di Roma, Roma, Italy 75aINFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy 75bDipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 131, 072301 (2023) 072301-18 76aINFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Italy 76bDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universit`a Roma Tre, Roma, Italy 77aINFN-TIFPA, Italy 77bUniversit`a degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy 78Universität Innsbruck, Department of Astro and Particle Physics, Innsbruck, Austria 79University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA 80Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA 81aDepartamento de Engenharia El´etrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil 81bUniversidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 81cInstituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 81dRio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 82KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan 83Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan 84aAGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland 84bMarian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland 85Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland 86Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 87Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan 88Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 89Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina 90Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom 91Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom 92Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia 93School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom 94Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom 95Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom 96Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA 97Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden 98Departamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 99Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany 100School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom 101CPPM, Aix-Marseille Universit´e, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France 102Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA 103Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 104School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 105Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 106Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA 107Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 108Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany 109Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany 110Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan 111Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA 112Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands 113Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands 114Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA 115aNew York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 115bUnited Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates 115cUniversity of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 116Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York, USA 117Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan 118The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA 119Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA 120Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA 121Palacký University, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Olomouc, Czech Republic 122Institute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA 123Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan 124Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 125Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom 126LPNHE, Sorbonne Universit´e, Universit´e Paris Cit´e, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 131, 072301 (2023) 072301-19 127Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 128Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 129aLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP, Lisboa, Portugal 129bDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 129cDepartamento de Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 129dCentro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 129eDepartamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal 129fDepartamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada (Spain), Spain 129gInstituto Superior T´ecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 130Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic 131Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic 132Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic 133Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom 134IRFU, CEA, Universit´e Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 135Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA 136aDepartamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile 136bMillennium Institute for Subatomic physics at high energy frontier (SAPHIR), Santiago, Chile 136cInstituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, y Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Serena, Chile 136dUniversidad Andres Bello, Department of Physics, Santiago, Chile 136eInstituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile 136fDepartamento de Física, Universidad T´ecnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile 137Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 138Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom 139Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan 140Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany 141Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada 142SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California, USA 143Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden 144Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA 145Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom 146School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 147Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 148aE. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia 148bHigh Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia 148cUniversity of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia 149Department of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 150Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 151Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece 152International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 153Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan 154Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada 155aTRIUMF, Vancouver BC, Canada 155bDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto ON, Canada 156Division of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan 157Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA 158Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA 159Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden 160Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA 161Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia, Spain 162Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada 163Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada 164Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany 165Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom 166Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan 167Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 168Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 169Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany 170Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 131, 072301 (2023) 072301-20 aDeceased. bAlso at Department of Physics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom. cAlso at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan. dAlso at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA. eAlso at TRIUMF, Vancouver BC, Canada. fAlso at Department of Physics, University of Thessaly, Greece. gAlso at Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. hAlso at University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Colorado, USA. iAlso at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA. jAlso at Department of Physics, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, USA. kAlso at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. lAlso at Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN. mAlso at The Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter (CICQM), Beijing, China. nAlso at Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel. oAlso at Universit`a di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli, Italy. pAlso at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), Canada. qAlso at Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy. rAlso at Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA. sAlso at Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios, Greece. tAlso at Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Italy. uAlso at Department of Physics, California State University, East Bay, USA. vAlso at Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. wAlso at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China. xAlso at Yeditepe University, Physics Department, Istanbul, Türkiye. yAlso at Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. zAlso at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. aaAlso at Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece. bbAlso at Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, China. ccAlso at Department of Physics, California State University, Sacramento, USA. ddAlso at D´epartement de Physique Nucl´eaire et Corpusculaire, Universit´e de Gen`eve, Gen`eve, Switzerland. eeAlso at Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. ffAlso at Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. ggAlso at Physics Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. hhAlso at Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria. iiAlso at L2IT, Universit´e de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, UPS, Toulouse; France. jjAlso at Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios; Greece. kkAlso at Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. llAlso at Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece. mmAlso at University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Colorado, USA. nnAlso at Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 131, 072301 (2023) 072301-21