body { margin: 0; background: #f3f4f6; overflow-x: hidden; }
    #page-container { position: relative; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; overflow: visible; max-width: 100%; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk { display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto 24px auto; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: visible; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk-content { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk style { display: none !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-placeholder { width: 100%; max-width: 900px; margin: 12px auto; padding: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background: #fff; color: #6b7280; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; text-align: center; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded { min-height: 0 !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded > .scieee-lazy-placeholder { display: none; }
    .pf { margin-left: auto !important; margin-right: auto !important; }
  



/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Base CSS for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
/* Part 1: Web Page Layout: Free to modify, except for a few of them which are required by pdf2htmlEX.js, see the comments */
#sidebar { /* Sidebar */
  position:absolute;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:250px;
  padding:0;
  margin:0px;
  overflow:auto;
}
#page-container { /* PDF container */
  position:absolute; /* required for calculating relative positions of pages in pdf2htmlEX.js */
  top:0;
  left:0px;
  margin:0; 
  padding:0;
  border:0; /* required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test) */
}
@media screen {
  /* for sidebar */
  #sidebar.opened + #page-container { left:250px; }
  #page-container {
    /* `bottom' and `right' are required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test)
     * alternatively you may set width and height
     */
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
    overflow:auto;
  }
  .loading-indicator {
    display:none;
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    display:block;
    position:absolute;
    width:64px;
    height:64px;
    top:50%;
    left:50%;
    margin-top:-32px;
    margin-left:-32px;
  }
  .loading-indicator img {
    position:absolute;
    top:0;
    left:0;
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
  }
}
@media print { 
  @page { margin:0; }
  html { margin:0; }
  body { 
    margin:0; 
    -webkit-print-color-adjust:exact; /* enable printing background images for WebKit */
  }
  #sidebar { display:none; }
  #page-container {
    width:auto;
    height:auto;
    overflow:visible;
    background-color:transparent;
  }
  .d { display:none; }
}
/* Part 2: Page Elements: Modify with caution
 * The followings are base classes, some of which are meant to be override by PDF specific classes
 * So do not increase the specificity (e.g. ".classname" -> "#page-container .classname")
 */
.pf { /* page */
  position:relative;
  background-color:white;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin:0; 
  border:0; /* required by pdf2htmlEX.js for page visibility test */
}
.pc { /* content of a page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
  /* set transform-origin for scaling */
  transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;
}
.pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
  display:block;
}
.bf { /* images that occupies the whole page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
.bi { /* images that cover only a part of the page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
@media print {
  .pf {
    margin:0;
    box-shadow:none;
    page-break-after:always;
    page-break-inside:avoid;
  }
  @-moz-document url-prefix() {
    /* fix page truncation for FireFox */
    .pf {
      overflow:visible;
      border:1px solid #FFFFFF;
    }
    .pc {overflow:visible;}
  }
}
.c { /* clip box */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
}
.t { /* text line */
  position:absolute;
  white-space:pre;
  font-size:1px;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override;/* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
  -moz-font-feature-settings:"liga" 0;/* We don't want Firefox to recognize ligatures */
}
.t:after { /* webkit #35443 */
  content: '';
}
.t:before { /* Workaround Blink(up to 41)/Webkit bug of word-spacing with leading spaces (chromium #404444 and pdf2htmlEX #412) */
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
}
.t span { /* text blocks within a line */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with negative word-spacing and inline-block (pdf2htmlEX #416), so keep normal span inline. */
  position:relative;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override; /* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
}
._ { /* text shift */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with inline element, continuous spaces and word-spacing. Workaround by inline-block. */
  display: inline-block;
  color: transparent;
  z-index: -1;
}
/* selection background should not be opaque, for fallback mode */
::selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
::-moz-selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
.pi { /* info for Javascript */
  display:none;
}
.l { /* annotation links */
}
/* transparent color - WebKit */
.d { /* css drawing */
  position:absolute;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
}
/* for the forms */
.it {
  border: none;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.0);
}

.ir:hover {
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Base CSS END */





/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Fancy styles for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
@keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@-webkit-keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@keyframes swing {
  0%  { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@-webkit-keyframes swing {
  0%  { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@media screen { 
  #sidebar {
    background-color:#2f3236;
    /* modified from http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#crossstripes */
    background-image:url("scieee-document-assets/asset_278c76fec4fbf2399910664b.svg");
  }
  #outline {
    font-family:Georgia,Times,"Times New Roman",serif;
    font-size:13px;
    margin:2em 1em;
  }
  #outline ul {
    padding:0;
  }
  #outline li {
    list-style-type:none;
    margin:1em 0;
  }
  #outline li > ul {
    margin-left: 1em;
  }
  #outline a,
  #outline a:visited,
  #outline a:hover,
  #outline a:active {
    line-height:1.2;
    color:#e8e8e8;
    text-overflow:ellipsis;
    white-space:nowrap;
    text-decoration:none;
    display:block;
    overflow:hidden;
    outline:0;
  }
  #outline a:hover {
    color:rgb(0,204,255);
  }
  #page-container {
    background-color:#9e9e9e;
    /* http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#thinstripes */
    background-image: url("scieee-document-assets/asset_c60347c0de373fe817019620.svg");
    -webkit-transition:left 500ms;
    transition:left 500ms;
  }
  .pf {
    margin: 13px auto;
    box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px 1px #333;
    /* Needed by IE to make box-shadow works * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow */
    border-collapse: separate;
  }
  .pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
    -webkit-animation: fadein 100ms;
    animation: fadein 100ms; 
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    /* 
     * use 0.01s instead of 0s,
     * since YUI Compressor will change 0s to 0,
     * which is not recognized by Firefox
     */
    -webkit-animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
    animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
  }
  .checked {
    background: no-repeat url(scieee-document-assets/asset_58a067f15ffcfc2435a4b346.png);
  }
}
/* Fancy CSS END */





.ff0{font-family:sans-serif;visibility:hidden;}
@font-face{font-family:ff1;src:url('chunks/assets/font_a1b91cc027aceea795dae278.woff')format("woff");}.ff1{font-family:ff1;line-height:0.891602;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff2;src:url('chunks/assets/font_594fe41c298855dc7f28039b.woff')format("woff");}.ff2{font-family:ff2;line-height:0.740723;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
.m4{transform:matrix(-0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,-0.250000,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(-0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,-0.250000,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(-0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,-0.250000,0,0);}
.m5{transform:matrix(0.000000,0.250000,-0.250000,0.000000,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(0.000000,0.250000,-0.250000,0.000000,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(0.000000,0.250000,-0.250000,0.000000,0,0);}
.m1{transform:matrix(0.000000,-0.250000,0.250000,0.000000,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(0.000000,-0.250000,0.250000,0.000000,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(0.000000,-0.250000,0.250000,0.000000,0,0);}
.m2{transform:matrix(0.000417,-0.250000,0.250000,0.000417,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(0.000417,-0.250000,0.250000,0.000417,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(0.000417,-0.250000,0.250000,0.000417,0,0);}
.m3{transform:matrix(0.164950,0.187860,-0.187860,0.164950,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(0.164950,0.187860,-0.187860,0.164950,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(0.164950,0.187860,-0.187860,0.164950,0,0);}
.m0{transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);}
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000px;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:0.000000px;}
.sc_{text-shadow:none;}
.sc0{text-shadow:-0.015em 0 transparent,0 0.015em transparent,0.015em 0 transparent,0 -0.015em  transparent;}
@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0){
.sc_{-webkit-text-stroke:0px transparent;}
.sc0{-webkit-text-stroke:0.015em transparent;text-shadow:none;}
}
.ws1{word-spacing:0.000000px;}
.ws5{word-spacing:202.379959px;}
.ws4{word-spacing:202.755085px;}
.ws3{word-spacing:522.817505px;}
.ws2{word-spacing:523.246219px;}
.ws0{word-spacing:523.276085px;}
._2{width:415.075858px;}
._3{width:755.314270px;}
._0{width:911.661684px;}
._4{width:1510.634676px;}
._1{width:1592.219999px;}
.fc0{color:rgb(0,0,0);}
.fs2{font-size:18.755280px;}
.fs3{font-size:66.508200px;}
.fs4{font-size:69.092376px;}
.fs6{font-size:75.436920px;}
.fs1{font-size:98.216640px;}
.fs7{font-size:187.562520px;}
.fs0{font-size:214.357320px;}
.fs5{font-size:267.986612px;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000px;}
.y12{bottom:14.760000px;}
.y7{bottom:24.030000px;}
.y6{bottom:46.530000px;}
.y5{bottom:64.080000px;}
.y3{bottom:72.000000px;}
.yd{bottom:72.720001px;}
.ya{bottom:74.520001px;}
.y4{bottom:74.700000px;}
.yf{bottom:75.690001px;}
.y15{bottom:77.760001px;}
.y8{bottom:146.520000px;}
.y20{bottom:148.860000px;}
.y9{bottom:187.380001px;}
.y1{bottom:187.650000px;}
.y2{bottom:189.810001px;}
.y17{bottom:192.240001px;}
.y1c{bottom:270.180001px;}
.y11{bottom:582.210001px;}
.y21{bottom:584.730002px;}
.y19{bottom:760.230002px;}
.y18{bottom:761.130002px;}
.y1b{bottom:930.330002px;}
.y1a{bottom:931.230002px;}
.y1f{bottom:1041.300002px;}
.y13{bottom:1058.940002px;}
.y16{bottom:1162.440003px;}
.y1d{bottom:1292.310003px;}
.yc{bottom:1292.400003px;}
.yb{bottom:1294.110003px;}
.ye{bottom:1295.370003px;}
.y14{bottom:1297.350003px;}
.y1e{bottom:1460.880003px;}
.y10{bottom:1626.390003px;}
.h5{height:13.379621px;}
.h6{height:47.445547px;}
.h7{height:49.289044px;}
.h9{height:54.920141px;}
.h4{height:70.065679px;}
.ha{height:133.803146px;}
.h2{height:152.917991px;}
.h8{height:191.175996px;}
.h1{height:1507.680000px;}
.h3{height:1641.240000px;}
.h0{height:1786.500000px;}
.w1{width:1160.190000px;}
.w2{width:1220.310000px;}
.w0{width:1263.000000px;}
.x0{left:0.000000px;}
.x17{left:14.760000px;}
.x3{left:21.000000px;}
.x23{left:30.870000px;}
.x1{left:46.920000px;}
.xf{left:53.550000px;}
.xd{left:76.320000px;}
.xb{left:84.780000px;}
.xe{left:105.840000px;}
.x25{left:107.010000px;}
.x1f{left:113.130000px;}
.x2{left:149.130000px;}
.xa{left:153.270000px;}
.x1a{left:158.310000px;}
.x12{left:163.350000px;}
.x9{left:168.120000px;}
.x14{left:173.790000px;}
.xc{left:176.760000px;}
.x11{left:180.270000px;}
.x22{left:181.530000px;}
.x5{left:196.830000px;}
.x7{left:204.930000px;}
.x4{left:208.980000px;}
.x6{left:210.150000px;}
.x16{left:371.790001px;}
.x1b{left:466.740001px;}
.x13{left:471.780001px;}
.x1d{left:476.190001px;}
.x1c{left:477.360001px;}
.x15{left:482.130001px;}
.x10{left:488.700001px;}
.x21{left:602.190001px;}
.x1e{left:647.190001px;}
.x18{left:848.430002px;}
.x20{left:1083.330002px;}
.x8{left:1152.180002px;}
.x24{left:1166.220002px;}
.x19{left:1205.460002px;}
@media print{
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000pt;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:0.000000pt;}
.ws1{word-spacing:0.000000pt;}
.ws5{word-spacing:179.893297pt;}
.ws4{word-spacing:180.226742pt;}
.ws3{word-spacing:464.726671pt;}
.ws2{word-spacing:465.107750pt;}
.ws0{word-spacing:465.134298pt;}
._2{width:368.956318pt;}
._3{width:671.390462pt;}
._0{width:810.365941pt;}
._4{width:1342.786379pt;}
._1{width:1415.306666pt;}
.fs2{font-size:16.671360pt;}
.fs3{font-size:59.118400pt;}
.fs4{font-size:61.415445pt;}
.fs6{font-size:67.055040pt;}
.fs1{font-size:87.303680pt;}
.fs7{font-size:166.722240pt;}
.fs0{font-size:190.539840pt;}
.fs5{font-size:238.210322pt;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000pt;}
.y12{bottom:13.120000pt;}
.y7{bottom:21.360000pt;}
.y6{bottom:41.360000pt;}
.y5{bottom:56.960000pt;}
.y3{bottom:64.000000pt;}
.yd{bottom:64.640000pt;}
.ya{bottom:66.240000pt;}
.y4{bottom:66.400000pt;}
.yf{bottom:67.280000pt;}
.y15{bottom:69.120000pt;}
.y8{bottom:130.240000pt;}
.y20{bottom:132.320000pt;}
.y9{bottom:166.560001pt;}
.y1{bottom:166.800000pt;}
.y2{bottom:168.720001pt;}
.y17{bottom:170.880001pt;}
.y1c{bottom:240.160001pt;}
.y11{bottom:517.520001pt;}
.y21{bottom:519.760001pt;}
.y19{bottom:675.760002pt;}
.y18{bottom:676.560002pt;}
.y1b{bottom:826.960002pt;}
.y1a{bottom:827.760002pt;}
.y1f{bottom:925.600002pt;}
.y13{bottom:941.280002pt;}
.y16{bottom:1033.280002pt;}
.y1d{bottom:1148.720003pt;}
.yc{bottom:1148.800003pt;}
.yb{bottom:1150.320003pt;}
.ye{bottom:1151.440003pt;}
.y14{bottom:1153.200003pt;}
.y1e{bottom:1298.560003pt;}
.y10{bottom:1445.680003pt;}
.h5{height:11.892997pt;}
.h6{height:42.173820pt;}
.h7{height:43.812483pt;}
.h9{height:48.817903pt;}
.h4{height:62.280604pt;}
.ha{height:118.936129pt;}
.h2{height:135.927103pt;}
.h8{height:169.934219pt;}
.h1{height:1340.160000pt;}
.h3{height:1458.880000pt;}
.h0{height:1588.000000pt;}
.w1{width:1031.280000pt;}
.w2{width:1084.720000pt;}
.w0{width:1122.666667pt;}
.x0{left:0.000000pt;}
.x17{left:13.120000pt;}
.x3{left:18.666667pt;}
.x23{left:27.440000pt;}
.x1{left:41.706667pt;}
.xf{left:47.600000pt;}
.xd{left:67.840000pt;}
.xb{left:75.360000pt;}
.xe{left:94.080000pt;}
.x25{left:95.120000pt;}
.x1f{left:100.560000pt;}
.x2{left:132.560000pt;}
.xa{left:136.240000pt;}
.x1a{left:140.720000pt;}
.x12{left:145.200000pt;}
.x9{left:149.440000pt;}
.x14{left:154.480000pt;}
.xc{left:157.120000pt;}
.x11{left:160.240000pt;}
.x22{left:161.360000pt;}
.x5{left:174.960000pt;}
.x7{left:182.160000pt;}
.x4{left:185.760000pt;}
.x6{left:186.800000pt;}
.x16{left:330.480001pt;}
.x1b{left:414.880001pt;}
.x13{left:419.360001pt;}
.x1d{left:423.280001pt;}
.x1c{left:424.320001pt;}
.x15{left:428.560001pt;}
.x10{left:434.400001pt;}
.x21{left:535.280001pt;}
.x1e{left:575.280001pt;}
.x18{left:754.160002pt;}
.x20{left:962.960002pt;}
.x8{left:1024.160002pt;}
.x24{left:1036.640002pt;}
.x19{left:1071.520002pt;}
}




    .paper-inline-ad { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 13px auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: 120px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; overflow: hidden; }
    .paper-inline-ad-label { padding: 6px 10px 0 10px; font: 10px system-ui, sans-serif; color: #9ca3af; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
    .paper-inline-ad-slot { min-height: 100px; }
    .paper-inline-ad--internal { padding: 0; }
    .paper-internal-promo { padding: 14px 16px 16px 16px; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; line-height: 1.45; color: #374151; }
    .paper-internal-promo-title { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827; margin-bottom: 7px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-body { margin-bottom: 12px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions a { display: inline-block; padding: 7px 10px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; border-radius: 8px; text-decoration: none; color: #111827; background: #f9fafb; font-weight: 700; }