body { margin: 0; background: #f3f4f6; overflow-x: hidden; }
    #page-container { position: relative; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; overflow: visible; max-width: 100%; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk { display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto 24px auto; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: visible; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk-content { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk style { display: none !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-placeholder { width: 100%; max-width: 900px; margin: 12px auto; padding: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background: #fff; color: #6b7280; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; text-align: center; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded { min-height: 0 !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded > .scieee-lazy-placeholder { display: none; }
    .pf { margin-left: auto !important; margin-right: auto !important; }
  



/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Base CSS for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
/* Part 1: Web Page Layout: Free to modify, except for a few of them which are required by pdf2htmlEX.js, see the comments */
#sidebar { /* Sidebar */
  position:absolute;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:250px;
  padding:0;
  margin:0px;
  overflow:auto;
}
#page-container { /* PDF container */
  position:absolute; /* required for calculating relative positions of pages in pdf2htmlEX.js */
  top:0;
  left:0px;
  margin:0; 
  padding:0;
  border:0; /* required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test) */
}
@media screen {
  /* for sidebar */
  #sidebar.opened + #page-container { left:250px; }
  #page-container {
    /* `bottom' and `right' are required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test)
     * alternatively you may set width and height
     */
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
    overflow:auto;
  }
  .loading-indicator {
    display:none;
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    display:block;
    position:absolute;
    width:64px;
    height:64px;
    top:50%;
    left:50%;
    margin-top:-32px;
    margin-left:-32px;
  }
  .loading-indicator img {
    position:absolute;
    top:0;
    left:0;
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
  }
}
@media print { 
  @page { margin:0; }
  html { margin:0; }
  body { 
    margin:0; 
    -webkit-print-color-adjust:exact; /* enable printing background images for WebKit */
  }
  #sidebar { display:none; }
  #page-container {
    width:auto;
    height:auto;
    overflow:visible;
    background-color:transparent;
  }
  .d { display:none; }
}
/* Part 2: Page Elements: Modify with caution
 * The followings are base classes, some of which are meant to be override by PDF specific classes
 * So do not increase the specificity (e.g. ".classname" -> "#page-container .classname")
 */
.pf { /* page */
  position:relative;
  background-color:white;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin:0; 
  border:0; /* required by pdf2htmlEX.js for page visibility test */
}
.pc { /* content of a page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
  /* set transform-origin for scaling */
  transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;
}
.pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
  display:block;
}
.bf { /* images that occupies the whole page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
.bi { /* images that cover only a part of the page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
@media print {
  .pf {
    margin:0;
    box-shadow:none;
    page-break-after:always;
    page-break-inside:avoid;
  }
  @-moz-document url-prefix() {
    /* fix page truncation for FireFox */
    .pf {
      overflow:visible;
      border:1px solid #FFFFFF;
    }
    .pc {overflow:visible;}
  }
}
.c { /* clip box */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
}
.t { /* text line */
  position:absolute;
  white-space:pre;
  font-size:1px;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override;/* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
  -moz-font-feature-settings:"liga" 0;/* We don't want Firefox to recognize ligatures */
}
.t:after { /* webkit #35443 */
  content: '';
}
.t:before { /* Workaround Blink(up to 41)/Webkit bug of word-spacing with leading spaces (chromium #404444 and pdf2htmlEX #412) */
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
}
.t span { /* text blocks within a line */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with negative word-spacing and inline-block (pdf2htmlEX #416), so keep normal span inline. */
  position:relative;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override; /* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
}
._ { /* text shift */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with inline element, continuous spaces and word-spacing. Workaround by inline-block. */
  display: inline-block;
  color: transparent;
  z-index: -1;
}
/* selection background should not be opaque, for fallback mode */
::selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
::-moz-selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
.pi { /* info for Javascript */
  display:none;
}
.l { /* annotation links */
}
/* transparent color - WebKit */
.d { /* css drawing */
  position:absolute;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
}
/* for the forms */
.it {
  border: none;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.0);
}

.ir:hover {
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Base CSS END */





/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Fancy styles for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
@keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@-webkit-keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@keyframes swing {
  0%  { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@-webkit-keyframes swing {
  0%  { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@media screen { 
  #sidebar {
    background-color:#2f3236;
    /* modified from http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#crossstripes */
    background-image:url("scieee-document-assets/asset_278c76fec4fbf2399910664b.svg");
  }
  #outline {
    font-family:Georgia,Times,"Times New Roman",serif;
    font-size:13px;
    margin:2em 1em;
  }
  #outline ul {
    padding:0;
  }
  #outline li {
    list-style-type:none;
    margin:1em 0;
  }
  #outline li > ul {
    margin-left: 1em;
  }
  #outline a,
  #outline a:visited,
  #outline a:hover,
  #outline a:active {
    line-height:1.2;
    color:#e8e8e8;
    text-overflow:ellipsis;
    white-space:nowrap;
    text-decoration:none;
    display:block;
    overflow:hidden;
    outline:0;
  }
  #outline a:hover {
    color:rgb(0,204,255);
  }
  #page-container {
    background-color:#9e9e9e;
    /* http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#thinstripes */
    background-image: url("scieee-document-assets/asset_c60347c0de373fe817019620.svg");
    -webkit-transition:left 500ms;
    transition:left 500ms;
  }
  .pf {
    margin: 13px auto;
    box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px 1px #333;
    /* Needed by IE to make box-shadow works * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow */
    border-collapse: separate;
  }
  .pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
    -webkit-animation: fadein 100ms;
    animation: fadein 100ms; 
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    /* 
     * use 0.01s instead of 0s,
     * since YUI Compressor will change 0s to 0,
     * which is not recognized by Firefox
     */
    -webkit-animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
    animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
  }
  .checked {
    background: no-repeat url(scieee-document-assets/asset_58a067f15ffcfc2435a4b346.png);
  }
}
/* Fancy CSS END */





.ff0{font-family:sans-serif;visibility:hidden;}
@font-face{font-family:ff1;src:url('chunks/assets/font_68738c0a94439e0f59f89435.woff2')format("woff");}.ff1{font-family:ff1;line-height:1.575000;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff2;src:url('chunks/assets/font_d3c70751425926f458ba3203.woff2')format("woff");}.ff2{font-family:ff2;line-height:1.575000;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
.m0{transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);}
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000px;}
.ls2{letter-spacing:0.000000px;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:1.500000px;}
.ls1{letter-spacing:1.518000px;}
.sc_{text-shadow:none;}
.sc0{text-shadow:-0.015em 0 transparent,0 0.015em transparent,0.015em 0 transparent,0 -0.015em  transparent;}
@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0){
.sc_{-webkit-text-stroke:0px transparent;}
.sc0{-webkit-text-stroke:0.015em transparent;text-shadow:none;}
}
.ws0{word-spacing:-24.000000px;}
.ws21{word-spacing:-17.796000px;}
.wsd{word-spacing:-17.670000px;}
.ws11{word-spacing:-17.454000px;}
.ws10{word-spacing:-17.274000px;}
.ws1a{word-spacing:-17.244000px;}
.wsa{word-spacing:-17.232000px;}
.ws23{word-spacing:-17.220000px;}
.ws16{word-spacing:-17.142000px;}
.ws9{word-spacing:-17.100000px;}
.ws12{word-spacing:-17.016000px;}
.ws20{word-spacing:-16.968000px;}
.ws8{word-spacing:-16.956000px;}
.ws1b{word-spacing:-16.866000px;}
.ws1c{word-spacing:-16.704000px;}
.wsb{word-spacing:-16.632000px;}
.ws22{word-spacing:-16.590000px;}
.ws1f{word-spacing:-16.548000px;}
.ws15{word-spacing:-16.524000px;}
.ws7{word-spacing:-16.506000px;}
.ws4{word-spacing:-16.500000px;}
.ws1d{word-spacing:-16.416000px;}
.ws24{word-spacing:-15.954000px;}
.wsc{word-spacing:-15.774000px;}
.wsf{word-spacing:-15.762000px;}
.ws1{word-spacing:-12.375000px;}
.wse{word-spacing:-11.781000px;}
.ws18{word-spacing:-0.666000px;}
.ws6{word-spacing:0.000000px;}
.ws19{word-spacing:0.804000px;}
.ws17{word-spacing:1.182000px;}
.ws1e{word-spacing:1.212000px;}
.ws13{word-spacing:1.512000px;}
.ws3{word-spacing:2.610000px;}
.ws2{word-spacing:2.647500px;}
.ws5{word-spacing:3.195000px;}
.ws14{word-spacing:35.724000px;}
._7{margin-left:-5.910000px;}
._8{margin-left:-4.104000px;}
._1{margin-left:-2.976000px;}
._2{margin-left:-1.164000px;}
._5{width:1.164000px;}
._6{width:2.334000px;}
._9{width:3.954000px;}
._4{width:16.083000px;}
._3{width:17.926500px;}
._0{width:47.880000px;}
._a{width:1342.380000px;}
.fc0{color:rgb(0,0,0);}
.fs0{font-size:48.000000px;}
.fs3{font-size:49.500000px;}
.fs2{font-size:66.000000px;}
.fs1{font-size:96.000000px;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000px;}
.y22{bottom:49.036425px;}
.y21{bottom:66.286425px;}
.y20{bottom:83.536425px;}
.y1f{bottom:100.786425px;}
.y1e{bottom:118.036425px;}
.y1d{bottom:135.286425px;}
.y1c{bottom:152.536425px;}
.y1b{bottom:169.786425px;}
.y1a{bottom:187.036425px;}
.y46{bottom:196.036425px;}
.y19{bottom:204.286425px;}
.y18{bottom:221.536425px;}
.y45{bottom:230.536425px;}
.y17{bottom:238.786425px;}
.y44{bottom:247.786425px;}
.y16{bottom:256.036425px;}
.y43{bottom:265.036425px;}
.y15{bottom:273.286425px;}
.y42{bottom:282.286425px;}
.y14{bottom:290.536425px;}
.y41{bottom:299.536425px;}
.y13{bottom:307.786425px;}
.y40{bottom:316.786425px;}
.y12{bottom:325.036425px;}
.y3f{bottom:334.036425px;}
.y11{bottom:342.286425px;}
.y3e{bottom:351.286425px;}
.y10{bottom:359.536425px;}
.y3d{bottom:368.536425px;}
.yf{bottom:376.786425px;}
.y3c{bottom:385.786425px;}
.ye{bottom:394.036425px;}
.y3b{bottom:403.036425px;}
.yd{bottom:411.286425px;}
.y3a{bottom:420.286425px;}
.yc{bottom:428.536425px;}
.y39{bottom:437.536425px;}
.yb{bottom:445.786425px;}
.y38{bottom:454.786425px;}
.ya{bottom:463.036425px;}
.y37{bottom:472.036425px;}
.y9{bottom:480.286425px;}
.y36{bottom:489.286425px;}
.y8{bottom:497.536425px;}
.y35{bottom:506.536425px;}
.y7{bottom:514.786425px;}
.y34{bottom:523.786425px;}
.y6{bottom:532.036425px;}
.y33{bottom:541.036425px;}
.y5{bottom:549.286425px;}
.y32{bottom:558.286425px;}
.y4{bottom:566.536425px;}
.y31{bottom:575.536425px;}
.y3{bottom:583.786425px;}
.y30{bottom:592.786425px;}
.y2f{bottom:610.036425px;}
.y2e{bottom:627.286425px;}
.y2d{bottom:644.536425px;}
.y2c{bottom:661.786425px;}
.y2b{bottom:679.036425px;}
.y2a{bottom:696.286425px;}
.y29{bottom:713.536425px;}
.y28{bottom:730.786425px;}
.y27{bottom:748.036425px;}
.y26{bottom:765.286425px;}
.y25{bottom:782.536425px;}
.y24{bottom:799.786425px;}
.y2{bottom:807.286425px;}
.y23{bottom:817.036425px;}
.y1{bottom:858.286425px;}
.h2{height:51.216000px;}
.h4{height:70.422000px;}
.h3{height:102.432000px;}
.h1{height:909.750000px;}
.h0{height:910.086615px;}
.w1{width:594.750000px;}
.w0{width:594.862200px;}
.x0{left:0.000000px;}
.x2{left:50.769600px;}
.x3{left:73.352100px;}
.x1{left:418.743600px;}
.x4{left:464.744100px;}
@media print{
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000pt;}
.ls2{letter-spacing:0.000000pt;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:1.333333pt;}
.ls1{letter-spacing:1.349333pt;}
.ws0{word-spacing:-21.333333pt;}
.ws21{word-spacing:-15.818667pt;}
.wsd{word-spacing:-15.706667pt;}
.ws11{word-spacing:-15.514667pt;}
.ws10{word-spacing:-15.354667pt;}
.ws1a{word-spacing:-15.328000pt;}
.wsa{word-spacing:-15.317333pt;}
.ws23{word-spacing:-15.306667pt;}
.ws16{word-spacing:-15.237333pt;}
.ws9{word-spacing:-15.200000pt;}
.ws12{word-spacing:-15.125333pt;}
.ws20{word-spacing:-15.082667pt;}
.ws8{word-spacing:-15.072000pt;}
.ws1b{word-spacing:-14.992000pt;}
.ws1c{word-spacing:-14.848000pt;}
.wsb{word-spacing:-14.784000pt;}
.ws22{word-spacing:-14.746667pt;}
.ws1f{word-spacing:-14.709333pt;}
.ws15{word-spacing:-14.688000pt;}
.ws7{word-spacing:-14.672000pt;}
.ws4{word-spacing:-14.666667pt;}
.ws1d{word-spacing:-14.592000pt;}
.ws24{word-spacing:-14.181333pt;}
.wsc{word-spacing:-14.021333pt;}
.wsf{word-spacing:-14.010667pt;}
.ws1{word-spacing:-11.000000pt;}
.wse{word-spacing:-10.472000pt;}
.ws18{word-spacing:-0.592000pt;}
.ws6{word-spacing:0.000000pt;}
.ws19{word-spacing:0.714667pt;}
.ws17{word-spacing:1.050667pt;}
.ws1e{word-spacing:1.077333pt;}
.ws13{word-spacing:1.344000pt;}
.ws3{word-spacing:2.320000pt;}
.ws2{word-spacing:2.353333pt;}
.ws5{word-spacing:2.840000pt;}
.ws14{word-spacing:31.754667pt;}
._7{margin-left:-5.253333pt;}
._8{margin-left:-3.648000pt;}
._1{margin-left:-2.645333pt;}
._2{margin-left:-1.034667pt;}
._5{width:1.034667pt;}
._6{width:2.074667pt;}
._9{width:3.514667pt;}
._4{width:14.296000pt;}
._3{width:15.934667pt;}
._0{width:42.560000pt;}
._a{width:1193.226667pt;}
.fs0{font-size:42.666667pt;}
.fs3{font-size:44.000000pt;}
.fs2{font-size:58.666667pt;}
.fs1{font-size:85.333333pt;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000pt;}
.y22{bottom:43.587933pt;}
.y21{bottom:58.921267pt;}
.y20{bottom:74.254600pt;}
.y1f{bottom:89.587933pt;}
.y1e{bottom:104.921267pt;}
.y1d{bottom:120.254600pt;}
.y1c{bottom:135.587933pt;}
.y1b{bottom:150.921267pt;}
.y1a{bottom:166.254600pt;}
.y46{bottom:174.254600pt;}
.y19{bottom:181.587933pt;}
.y18{bottom:196.921267pt;}
.y45{bottom:204.921267pt;}
.y17{bottom:212.254600pt;}
.y44{bottom:220.254600pt;}
.y16{bottom:227.587933pt;}
.y43{bottom:235.587933pt;}
.y15{bottom:242.921267pt;}
.y42{bottom:250.921267pt;}
.y14{bottom:258.254600pt;}
.y41{bottom:266.254600pt;}
.y13{bottom:273.587933pt;}
.y40{bottom:281.587933pt;}
.y12{bottom:288.921267pt;}
.y3f{bottom:296.921267pt;}
.y11{bottom:304.254600pt;}
.y3e{bottom:312.254600pt;}
.y10{bottom:319.587933pt;}
.y3d{bottom:327.587933pt;}
.yf{bottom:334.921267pt;}
.y3c{bottom:342.921267pt;}
.ye{bottom:350.254600pt;}
.y3b{bottom:358.254600pt;}
.yd{bottom:365.587933pt;}
.y3a{bottom:373.587933pt;}
.yc{bottom:380.921267pt;}
.y39{bottom:388.921267pt;}
.yb{bottom:396.254600pt;}
.y38{bottom:404.254600pt;}
.ya{bottom:411.587933pt;}
.y37{bottom:419.587933pt;}
.y9{bottom:426.921267pt;}
.y36{bottom:434.921267pt;}
.y8{bottom:442.254600pt;}
.y35{bottom:450.254600pt;}
.y7{bottom:457.587933pt;}
.y34{bottom:465.587933pt;}
.y6{bottom:472.921267pt;}
.y33{bottom:480.921267pt;}
.y5{bottom:488.254600pt;}
.y32{bottom:496.254600pt;}
.y4{bottom:503.587933pt;}
.y31{bottom:511.587933pt;}
.y3{bottom:518.921267pt;}
.y30{bottom:526.921267pt;}
.y2f{bottom:542.254600pt;}
.y2e{bottom:557.587933pt;}
.y2d{bottom:572.921267pt;}
.y2c{bottom:588.254600pt;}
.y2b{bottom:603.587933pt;}
.y2a{bottom:618.921267pt;}
.y29{bottom:634.254600pt;}
.y28{bottom:649.587933pt;}
.y27{bottom:664.921267pt;}
.y26{bottom:680.254600pt;}
.y25{bottom:695.587933pt;}
.y24{bottom:710.921267pt;}
.y2{bottom:717.587933pt;}
.y23{bottom:726.254600pt;}
.y1{bottom:762.921267pt;}
.h2{height:45.525333pt;}
.h4{height:62.597333pt;}
.h3{height:91.050667pt;}
.h1{height:808.666667pt;}
.h0{height:808.965880pt;}
.w1{width:528.666667pt;}
.w0{width:528.766400pt;}
.x0{left:0.000000pt;}
.x2{left:45.128533pt;}
.x3{left:65.201867pt;}
.x1{left:372.216533pt;}
.x4{left:413.105867pt;}
}




    .paper-inline-ad { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 13px auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: 120px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; overflow: hidden; }
    .paper-inline-ad-label { padding: 6px 10px 0 10px; font: 10px system-ui, sans-serif; color: #9ca3af; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
    .paper-inline-ad-slot { min-height: 100px; }
    .paper-inline-ad--internal { padding: 0; }
    .paper-internal-promo { padding: 14px 16px 16px 16px; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; line-height: 1.45; color: #374151; }
    .paper-internal-promo-title { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827; margin-bottom: 7px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-body { margin-bottom: 12px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions a { display: inline-block; padding: 7px 10px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; border-radius: 8px; text-decoration: none; color: #111827; background: #f9fafb; font-weight: 700; }